Anthropometric models to estimate fat mass at 3 days, 15 and 54 weeks.

Background: Currently available infant body composition measurement methods are impractical for routine clinical use. The study developed anthropometric equations (AEs) to estimate fat mass (FM, kg) during the first year using air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD® Infant Body Composition System) and Infant quantitative magnetic resonance (Infant-QMR) as criterion methods.

Methods: Multi-ethnic full-term infants (n = 191) were measured at 3 days, 15 and 54 weeks.

Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and work exposures among railroad maintenance-of-way workers.

Background: Our objective was to examine occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulders, elbows, wrists, and hands among railroad maintenance-of-way (MOW) workers. Little systematic research on musculoskeletal disorders has been conducted in this occupational group.

Methods: In total, 3995 active members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes Division (BMWED) completed a standardized survey focusing on disorders caused by hand-transmitted vibration.

Housing Instability, Structural Vulnerability, and Non-Fatal Opioid Overdoses Among People Who Use Heroin in Washington Heights, New York City.

Nationally, opioid overdose remains strikingly persistent among people experiencing homelessness and housing instability. Limited information is available about the characteristics of this phenomenon in economically disadvantaged communities of color. This study sought to evaluate the association between key contextual factors and experiencing a non-fatal opioid overdose among people who use heroin in Washington Heights, New York City.

No sustained effects of an intervention to prevent excessive GWG on offspring fat and lean mass at 54 weeks: Yet a greater head circumference persists.

Background: LIFT (Lifestyle Intervention for Two) trial found that intervening in women with overweight and obesity through promoting healthy diet and physical activity to control gestational weight gain (GWG) resulted in neonates with greater weight, lean mass and head circumference and similar fat mass at birth. Whether these neonate outcomes are sustained at 1-year was the focus of this investigation.

Methods: Measures included body composition by PEA POD air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and Echo Infant quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) and head circumference at birth (n = 169), 14 (n = 136) and 54 weeks (n = 137).

Reading the Self: Medical Students' Experience of Reflecting on Their Writing Over Time.

Purpose: To investigate students' experience (over time) with meta-reflection writing exercises, called Signature Reflections. These exercises were used to strengthen reflective capacity, as part of a 4-year reflective writing portfolio curriculum that builds on a recognized strategy for reflection (narrative medicine) and employs longitudinal faculty-mentors.

Method: In 2018, the authors conducted 5 focus groups with 18 third-year students from the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons class of 2019 to examine students' experience with Signature Reflections.

Depression Screening in a Primary Care Setting: Examining Perceptions and Experiences of English- and Spanish-Speaking Patients.

Depression is highly prevalent in primary care settings, but screening rates remain sub-optimal and patients' screening perspectives are poorly understood. This study examined depression screening experiences and beliefs among primary care patients (N = 100, M = 51.9, SD = 17.

Impact of a Student-Run Free Clinic's Women's Health Program on Perceived Readiness for Clinical Rotations.

Introduction: Women's health is only briefly explored in the preclerkship medical curriculum. Volunteering in student-run free clinics (SRFCs) increases clinical confidence; such service learning could bridge the gap between limited curricular offerings and student desire for exposure to women's health topics. This study aimed to identify weaknesses in the women's health preclerkship curriculum, build an educational intervention, and explore SRFCs as a teaching tool.

Powered-hand tools and vibration-related disorders in US-railway maintenance-of-way workers.

Maintenance-of-way workers in North America who construct railroad tracks utilize specialized powered-hand tools, which lead to hand-transmitted vibration exposure. In this study, the maintenance-of-way workers were surveyed about neuro-musculoskeletal disorders, powered-hand tools and work practices. Information about vibration emission data of trade specific powered-hand tools for the North American and European Union markets was searched online to obtain respective user information of manufacturer and compared to non-commercial international data banks.

Drug use, sexual risk, and structural vulnerability among female sex workers in two urban centers of the Dominican Republic: The EPIC study.

Background: Evidence in different countries suggest an association between sex work and drug use. In the Dominican Republic an estimated 60,000-100,000 women work in the sex industry. However, little is known about their drug use behaviors.

Occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among railroad maintenance-of-way workers.

Background: Our objective was to examine occupational risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, back, and knee among railroad maintenance-of-way (MOW) workers.

Methods: Four thousand eight-hundred sixteen active, retired, and disabled members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes Division (BMWED) completed a survey. We computed adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using Poisson regression for neck, back, and knee musculoskeletal symptoms by work exposures, adjusted for age, region, race/ethnicity, smoking, and potential second job and spare time vehicle vibration exposure.

Increased Visceral Adipose Tissue Without Weight Retention at 59 Weeks Postpartum.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether controlling maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) influences adipose tissue distribution at 1 year postpartum.

Methods: Women with overweight or obesity (n = 210, BMI ≥ 25 or ≥ 30) were randomized to a lifestyle intervention (LI) designed to control GWG or to usual obstetrical care (UC). Measures included anthropometry, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for visceral (VAT), intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and cardiometabolic risk factors in pregnancy (15 and 35 weeks) and after delivery (15 and 59 weeks).

Pharmacy PEP Access Intervention Among Persons Who Use Drugs in New York City: iPEPcare Study-Rethinking Biomedical HIV Prevention Strategies.

Biomedical HIV prevention uptake has not taken hold among Black and Latinx populations who use street-marketed drugs. A pilot intervention providing a PEP informational video and direct pharmacy access to a PEP starter dose was conducted among this population. Four study pharmacies were selected to help facilitate syringe customer recruitment (2012-2016).

Antibiotic Stewardship in European Nursing Homes: Experiences From the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden.

Antibiotics are among the most widely prescribed drugs in long-term care facilities, which highlights the importance of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) in this setting. In this article, we describe the experiences with ABS in nursing homes (NHs) from the perspective of 4 European countries: the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden. In these countries, a large variety of initiatives to develop and implement ABS in NHs have been introduced in recent years.

Resting Energy Expenditure and Organ-Tissue Body Composition 5 Years After Bariatric Surgery.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss may reduce resting energy expenditure (REE) and fat-free mass (FFM) disproportionately thereby predisposing patients to weight regain and sarcopenia.

Methods: We compared REE and body composition of African-American and Caucasian Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients after surgery with a group of non-operated controls (CON). REE by indirect calorimetry; skeletal muscle (SM), trunk organs, and brain volumes by MRI; and FFM by DXA were measured at post-surgery visits and compared with CON (N = 84) using linear regression models that adjusted for relevant covariates.

No distinct microbiome signature of irritable bowel syndrome found in a Swedish random population.

Objective: The ethiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. While a link to the gut microbiome is postulated, the heterogeneity of the healthy gut makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. We aimed to describe the faecal and mucosa-associated microbiome (MAM) and health correlates on a community cohort of healthy and IBS individuals with no colonoscopic findings.

Chlamydia Infection Among Adolescent Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive and Shorter-Acting Hormonal Contraceptive Users Receiving Services at New York City School-Based Health Centers.

Study Objective: One concern regarding long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among female adolescents is the potential for sexually transmitted infection acquisition. Few studies investigate chlamydia infection among adolescent LARC users compared with other hormonal contraceptive method (non-LARC) users. We hypothesized that incident chlamydia infection would be similar in these 2 groups and that it would not be associated with adolescent LARC use.

Parental Leave Policies and Practices of US Family Medicine Residency Programs.

Background And Objectives: Adequate parental leave policies promote a supportive workplace environment. This study describes how US family medicine (FM) residency program parental leave policies compare to reported leave taken by residents and faculty.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of questions from a 2017 Council of Academic Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) survey of accredited US FM program directors.

Opioid Medications Prescribing and the Pain-Depression Dyad in Primary Care: Analysis of 2014-2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) Data.

Background: Increased drug overdose deaths have become a serious public health problem. Primary care providers prescribe about 50% all opioid medications. This study examined opioids prescribing during primary visits to patients with a pain-depression dyad and patient demographic characteristics associated with opioids prescribing.

Evaluation of a comprehensive sexuality education program in La Romana, Dominican Republic.

Background: The Dominican Republic (DR) has some of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and adolescent pregnancy in the Caribbean. Well-designed comprehensive sexuality education programs (CSEP) can reduce risky sexual behavior. This study sought to evaluate the Módulo Anexo Materno Infantil (MAMI) adolescent clinic's CSEP in changing knowledge of STI and pregnancy and attitudes towards risky sexual behavior following implementation.

Understanding Perceived Barriers to Care Among Suburban Super-Utilizers Who Have an Identified Primary Care Provider.

Patients who are admitted to the hospital frequently (>3 admissions in a 6-month period) are a large driver of health care costs. Recently, research has focused on these groups of super-utilizing patients to try to find ways to meet their care needs in the outpatient setting. However, most research so far has focused on the urban underserved population who do not have a usual source of care.

The role of rural communities in the recruitment and retention of women physicians.

Rural communities in the United States have a shortage of primary care physicians. Women physicians are more likely than male physicians to choose primary care specialties but less likely to locate in rural areas. With an increasing proportion of women physicians, it is important to understand community characteristics that encourage their recruitment and retention.

Work Exposures and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Railroad Maintenance-of-Way Workers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure musculoskeletal disorders and occupational risk factors among railroad maintenance-of-way (MOW) workers.

Methods: Four thousand eight hundred sixteen active, retired, and disabled members of the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes Division (BMWED) completed a survey.

Results: Compared with U.