A gut instinct for childhood leukemia prevention: microbiome-targeting recommendations aimed at parents and caregivers.

Childhood leukemia accounts for 30% of all pediatric cancer cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) being the most common subtype. Involvement of the gut microbiome in ALL development has recently garnered interest due to an increasing recognition of the key contribution the microbiome plays in maintaining the immune system's homeostatic balance. Commensal gut microbiota provide a first line of defense against different pathogens and gut microbiome immaturity has been implicated in ALL pathogenesis.

Addressing the overuse of hospital emergency departments in the Portuguese NHS: a new paradigm.

The escalating trend of inappropriate visits to Emergency Departments (ED) has led to significant concerns, including resource misallocation, compromised patient care, and an increased burden on healthcare workers. Portugal faces a notable challenge, reporting one of the highest ED visit rates, with an annual average of approximately 6 million ED visits from 2013 to 2023. In response, the "Call First, Save Lives" pilot project was launched by the Portuguese NHS Executive Board, in 2023, at the Local Health Unit (LHU) of Póvoa de Varzim/Vila do Conde.

PEARL: Protein Eluting Alginate with Recombinant Lactobacilli.

Engineered living materials (ELMs) made of bacteria in hydrogels have shown considerable promise for therapeutic applications through controlled and sustained release of complex biopharmaceuticals at low costs and with reduced wastage. While most therapeutic ELMs use E. coli due to its large genetic toolbox, most live biotherapeutic bacteria in development are lactic acid bacteria due to native health benefits they offer.

Food supply toxicants and additives alter the gut microbiota and risk of metabolic disease.

Metabolic disease is rising along with both global industrialization and the use of new commercial, agricultural, and industrial chemicals and food additives. Exposure to these compounds may contribute to aspects of metabolic disease such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Ingesting compounds in the food supply is a key route of human exposure, resulting in the interaction between toxicants or additives and the intestinal microbiota.

Achievements and Approaches in the Search for Small-Molecule Dengue NS2B/NS3 Inhibitors.

With the escalation of viral infections in recent decades, including the COVID- 19 pandemic, viral infectious diseases have increasingly become a global concern, attracting significant attention. Among many viral epidemics, the dengue virus, an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family, has been reported by the WHO as one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne diseases, infecting roughly 400 million people yearly and spreading across all continents worldwide. In the last two decades, researchers from academia and industry have diligently studied many aspects of the virus, including its structure, life cycle, potential therapeutic agents, and vaccines.

Shaping the future rural healthcare landscape: perspectives of young healthcare professionals.

Introduction: Rural communities continue to struggle to access quality healthcare services. Even in countries where the majority of the population live in rural and remote areas, resources are concentrated in big cities, and this is continuing. As a result, countries with the highest proportion of rural residents correlate with the poorest access, which has negative implications for the health and wellbeing of people.

A descriptive analysis of nurses' self-reported mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: An international study.

Aim: To describe the self-reported mental health of nurses from 35 countries who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: There is little occupationally specific data about nurses' mental health worldwide. Studies have documented the impact on nurses' mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic, but few have baseline referents.

Impact of family socio-economic status on the prognosis of heart transplantation in children.

Background: Low family socio-economic status is a known factor that can contribute to increased mortality for patients with cardiovascular disease. However, in developing countries, the prognostic impact of socio-economic level on pediatric HTx is unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of children younger than 18 years who underwent heart transplantation (HTx) at our center from October 1, 2005, to May 31, 2023.

Identifying households with children who have complex needs: a segmentation model for integrated care systems.

Background: Adversity in childhood is increasing in the United Kingdom. Complex health and social problems affecting children cluster in families where adults also have high need, but services are rarely aligned to support the whole family. Household level segmentation can help identify households most needing integrated support.

Retrospective evaluation of patients admitted to the intensive care unit due to obstetric reasons in terms of maternal near-miss, a five-year case-control study.

Background: Maternal Near-Miss (MNM) has become globally recognized as an indicator of pregnancy, birth and the first 42 days of postpartum care services. The World Health Organization has taken a new approach to detail and better analyze maternal deaths. The clinic-based criteria to evaluate maternal care and the quality of related care services have been developed.

Determinants of future anxiety across individual, household, and regional levels in South Korea using a social ecological model.

This study is the first to examine the determinants of future anxiety in South Korea using the Social Ecological Model (SEM). It aimed to show that, beyond individual factors, mezzo- and macro-level aspects, particularly those related to housing, may influence anxiety. Utilizing 2018 data from the Korean Health Panel Survey, we employed a three-level multilevel analysis to investigate how these factors contribute to the perception of future anxiety among Koreans.

International myeloma working group immunotherapy committee recommendation on sequencing immunotherapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.

T-cell redirecting therapy (TCRT), specifically chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T-cells) and bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) represent a remarkable advance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). There are several products available around the world and several more in development targeting primarily B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GRPC5D). The relatively rapid availability of multiple immunotherapies brings the necessity to understand how a certain agent may affect the safety and efficacy of a subsequent immunotherapy so MM physicians and patients can aim at optimal sequential use of these therapies.

Strengthening advanced therapy for sickle cell disease in Africa: experience from sickle cell disease centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Despite progress in healthcare services for individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa, substantial gaps remain in advanced treatments for SCD. To help address this burden, Tanzania has established one of the largest single-centre SCD programmes in the world and developed an advanced therapy programme for SCD focused on patient engagement and advocacy, clinical activities involving exchange blood transfusion (ExBT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), gene therapy (GT) preparedness, and enabling partnerships. This report describes the programme's genesis, structure and progress achieved.

Low birth weight and chronic kidney disease with progression to kidney failure in children.

Background And Hypothesis: It is unclear if low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) could synergistically cause chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This cohort study was conducted to examine their individual and combined impacts on the development of CKD and ESKD in childhood.

Methods: From the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, we identified 1 477 128 newborns born between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016.

Trace amine signaling in zebrafish models: CNS pharmacology, behavioral regulation and translational relevance.

Tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, octopamine and other trace amines are endogenous substances recently recognized as important novel neurotransmitters in the brain. Trace amines act via multiple selective trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) of the G protein-coupled receptor family. TAARs are expressed in various brain regions and modulate neurotransmission, neuronal excitability, adult neurogenesis, cognition, mood, locomotor activity and olfaction.

Primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention through life cycles in women. Consensus document of the SEC-WG CVD in Women, SEC-ACP, SEGO, AEEM, SEEN, semFYC, SEMERGEN, AEP, and AEM.

This consensus document on cardiovascular disease in women summarizes the views of a panel of experts organized by the Working Group on Women and Cardiovascular Disease of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC-WG CVD in Women), and the Association of Preventive Cardiology of the SEC (SEC-ACP). The document was developed in collaboration with experts from various Spanish societies and associations: the Spanish Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SEGO), the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN), the Spanish Association for the Study of Menopause (AEEM), the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP), the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), and the Association of Spanish Midwives (AEM). The document received formal approval from the SEC.

Prevalence of Pathogenic Variants and Eligibility Criteria for Genetic Testing in Patients Who Visit a Memory Clinic.

Background And Objectives: Identifying genetic causes of dementia in patients visiting memory clinics is important for patient care and family planning. Traditional clinical selection criteria for genetic testing may miss carriers of pathogenic variants in dementia-related genes. This study aimed identify how many carriers we are missing and to optimize criteria for selecting patients for genetic counseling in memory clinics.

Patterns of self-harm presentations at a Tertiary Urban Hospital in Kenya: A retrospective 5-year study (2018-2022).

Introduction: Self-harm represents a complex and multifaceted public health issue of global significance, exerting profound effects on individuals and communities alike. It involves intentional self-poisoning or self-injury with or without the motivation to die. Although self-harm is highly prevalent, limited research has focused on the patterns and trends of self-harm among hospital populations in low- and middle-income countries, particularly within Africa.

Consciousness trajectories and functional independence after acute brain injury in children with prolonged disorder of consciousness.

Aim: To explore the trajectories of consciousness recovery and prognosis-associated predictors in children with prolonged disorder of consciousness (pDoC).

Method: This single-centre, retrospective, observational cohort involved 134 (87 males, 47 females) children diagnosed with pDoC and hospitalized at the Department of Rehabilitation at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in China. The median onset age was 30 (interquartile range [IQR] 18-54) months, with onset ages ranging from 3 to 164 months.

MiR-423 Coding Region Genetic Polymorphism rs8067576 May Associate With the Risk of Developing Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Han Population.

Background: Our previous study has identified an association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the miR-423 gene with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The presence of additional RSA-linked SNPs in the miR-423 gene remains unclear.

Methods: We evaluated polymorphisms in the coding region of miR-423 in Han Chinese women with unexplained RSA (URSA).

Effects of early palliative care intervention on medical resource use among end-of-life patients.

Background: In Taiwan, as the population ages, palliative care services (PCS) have expanded significantly to include comprehensive benefit plans for critically ill individuals, supported by reimbursements from the National Health Insurance program. However, incorporating palliative care into the medical management of these patients presents several challenges. We aim to evaluate the effects of palliative care interventions on medical resources in end-of-life scenarios, to promote earlier palliative care access and provide high-quality healthcare services for patients.

gen. nov., sp. nov.: a novel species of a novel genus in the family , isolated from the sediment of a tidal flat located in Zhoushan, China.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as HZG-20, was isolated from a tidal flat in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China. The 16S rRNA sequence similarities between strain HZG-20 and RR4-56, NNCM2, P31 and X9-2-2 were 98.9, 91.

A Framework to Optimize Primary Care of Older Surgical Patients: A Qualitative Study of Geriatricians.

Importance: An increasing number of older adults are undergoing surgery. Older adults face significant challenges throughout the spectrum of perioperative care. No frameworks exist to support primary care clinicians in helping older adults navigate perioperative care beyond preoperative medical clearance.

Stress regulatory hormones and cancer: the contribution of epinephrine and cancer therapeutic value of beta blockers.

The word "cancer" evokes myriad emotions, ranging from fear and despair to hope and determination. Cancer is aptly defined as a complex and multifaceted group of diseases that has unapologetically led to the loss of countless lives and affected innumerable families across the globe. The battle with cancer is not only a physical battle, but also an emotional, as well as a psychological skirmish for patients and for their loved ones.