Implications of targeted next-generation sequencing for bladder cancer: report of four cases.

Background: Bladder cancer is considered heterogeneous diseases with two major subgroups: non-muscle- invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). It is a major healthcare problem, and it is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Genetic mutations are not only a cause for carcinogenesis but are also a way for treatment strategy.

Impact of circulating miRNA-373 on breast cancer diagnosis through targeting VEGF and cyclin D1 genes.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the common primary tumor among females. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve the early prediction and diagnosis of BC. For that reason, the object of the current study is to analyze the expression levels of miRNA-373 and its target genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclin D1 in women with BC.

Alterations of PTEN and SMAD4 methylation in diagnosis of breast cancer: implications of methyl II PCR assay.

Background: Diagnosis of breast cancer is more complicated due to lack of minimal invasive biomarker with sufficient precision. DNA methylation is a promising marker for cancer diagnosis. In this study, authors evaluated methylation patterns for PTEN and SMAD4 in blood samples using EpiTect Methyl II QPCR assay quantitative PCR technology.

Relevance of circulating MiRNA-21 and MiRNA-181 in prediction of glioblastoma multiforme prognosis.

Background: Authors aimed to investigate the clinical role of miR-21 and miR-181 among glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients.

Materials And Methods: Expression for both miRs were detected in blood samples from newly diagnosed twenty GBM patients before and after treatment along with 20 healthy individuals using QPCR technology.

Results: MiR-21 reported increase expression while miR-181 reported decreased expression in GBM patients.

Clinical role of MiRNA 29a and MiRNA 335 on breast cancer management: their relevance to MMP2 protein level.

Background: Circulating miRNAs are novel biomarkers, authors aimed to investigate the expression level of miR-29a and miR-335 and their relevance to CEA, CA15.3, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2).

Materials And Methods: Breast cancer (BC) patients ( = 44), benign breast lesion patients ( = 25), and healthy individuals ( = 19) were enrolled for detection of miRNA expression levels, MMP2 and biochemical markers using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA, respectively.

Next generation sequencing of genes in glioblastoma multiform Egyptian patients: a pilot study.

Background: Germ line mutations of and were correlated with a variety of cancer Authors aimed to use next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect and germ line mutations in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) Egyptian patients.

Materials And Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from six GBM cases, amplified using Ion AmpliSeq and panel. DNA libraries were pooled, barcoded and finally sequenced using Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine sequencer.

Expression of MiR-335 and its target metalloproteinase genes: clinical significance in breast cancer.

Background: Early diagnosis of breast cancer decreases mortality rate; therefore, novel diagnostic methods are urgently required. In this study, authors aimed to investigate the role of serum-derived miR-335 in breast cancer, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and evaluating their feasibility and clinical utility as biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 210 individuals who were enrolled in this study.

Clinical impact of circulating oncogenic MiRNA-221 and MiRNA-222 in glioblastoma multiform.

Background And Aim: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM); most fatal brain cancer, is incurable with molecular diversity hence identification of molecular targets that contribute to GBM tumorgenesis will be suitable for the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies. Micro-RNAs (miR); small RNA molecules, are stable in blood and play a crucial role in molecular processes in GBM. Thus it was aimed to investigate the clinical role of miR-221 and miR-222 among GBM cases as compared to healthy individuals and illustrate their role in patient's survival.

Serum MiRNA-27a as potential diagnostic nucleic marker for breast cancer.

Background: Accumulating evidence reveals that microRNA 27a (miR 27a) is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, its diagnostic role in breast cancer (BC) still needs investigation.

Materials And Methods: MiR 27a expression was assessed in serum samples from patients with primary BC ( 100), benign breast lesions ( 30) and control group served as healthy volunteers ( 20) using quantitative real-time PCR.

Clinical aspects of circulating miRNA-335 in breast cancer patients: A prospective study.

Background: The impact of aberrant expression of miRNAs, small noncoding RNAs of 19 to 23 nucleotide, has been reported in different types of cancer, such as breast cancer. Authors aim to investigate the role of circulating miRNA-335 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: miRNA-335 expression was measured in primary breast cancer patients (n = 106), patients with benign breast lesion (n = 49) and healthy individuals as control (n = 40) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and its diagnostic efficacy, relation with clinicopathological factors, and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed.

Role of some circulating MiRNAs on breast cancer diagnosis.

Aberrant expression of miRNAs has a link with tumorgenesis and their deregulation is reported in biological fluids of cancer patients. Authors aimed to investigate the diagnostic role of miRNA-17-5p, miR-155 and miRNA-222 in serum samples from breast cancer patients ( = 80), benign breast patients ( = 40) and healthy individuals ( = 30) using quantitative real-time PCR technique. Median levels of investigated markers revealed significant increase in primary breast cancer followed by benign and control groups.

Potential diagnostic role of circulating MiRNAs in breast cancer: Implications on clinicopathological characters.

Background: Circulating miRNAs are stable in body fluids and resembles their levels in cancer tissue/cells. They have been expressed in many cancers among them is breast cancer. Authors aimed to investigate the expression levels of three circulating oncomiRNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-222 and miRNA-373) in serum samples as a minimally non-invasive method for early detection of breast cancer, and study their relation with clinicopathological characters.

Aberrant Expression of Some Circulating miRNAs in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous cancer commonly affecting children due to dysregulation of miRNA expression. In the current study, authors investigated the expression profile for miRNA-125b-1 and miRNA-203 among childhood ALL. Blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed childhood ALL and healthy control children.