Aortic Elasticity and Arsenic Exposure: A Step Function rather than a Linear Function.

While the dose-response relationship for the carcinogenic effects of arsenic exposure indicates nonlinearity with increases only above about 150 μg/L arsenic in drinking water, similar analyses of noncarcinogenic effects of arsenic exposure remain to be conducted. We present here an alternative analysis of data on a measure of aortic elasticity, a risk factor for hypertension, and its relationship to urinary arsenic levels. An occupational health study from Ankara, Turkey by Karakulak et al.

A review of low-dose arsenic risks and human cancers.

The linear no-threshold (LNT) model has historically been the default assumption in assessing carcinogenic risk from arsenic ingestion based on epidemiological studies. This contrasts with the threshold model used in assessing carcinogenic risk from arsenic ingestion derived from toxicological investigations of experimental animals. We present here a review of our epidemiological work that has examined models that may better explain the human cancer risk from the ingestion of arsenic, particularly from low level exposures, than does the LNT model.

Prostate Cancer Incidence in U.S. Counties and Low Levels of Arsenic in Drinking Water.

Although inorganic arsenic in drinking water at high levels (100s-1000s μg/L [ppb]) increases cancer risk (skin, bladder, lung, and possibly prostate), the evidence at lower levels is limited. : We conducted an ecologic analysis of the dose-response relationship between prostate cancer incidence and low arsenic levels in drinking water in a large study of U.S.

Assessment of developmental risk information on medicines for inclusion on the WHO's Essential Medicines List.

Background: The WHO develops biannually an Essential Medicines List (EML) of medications proposed for national formularies to be safe, effective and cost-effective. This satisfies the priority healthcare needs of most adult populations, but it does not consider the unique toxicological risks that occur from exposures during pregnancy.

Methods: Developmental toxicity risk information for the 451 specific agents on the 2017 EML were identified from four well-recognized compendia of teratological assessments.

Lung Cancer Risk and Low (≤50 μg/L) Drinking Water Arsenic Levels for US Counties (2009⁻2013)-A Negative Association.

While epidemiologic studies clearly demonstrate drinking water with high levels of arsenic as a significant risk factor for lung cancer, the evidence at low levels (≤50 μg/L) is uncertain. Therefore, we have conducted an ecological analysis of recent lung cancer incidence for US counties with a groundwater supply of.

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States: An Analysis Based on US Counties and 30 Years of Observation (1950-1979).

Background. To examine whether the US EPA (2010) lung cancer risk estimate derived from the high arsenic exposures (10-934 µg/L) in southwest Taiwan accurately predicts the US experience from low arsenic exposures (3-59 µg/L). Methods.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk and Inorganic Arsenic in Drinking Water.

High levels (> 200 µg/L) of inorganic arsenic in drinking water are known to be a cause of human lung cancer, but the evidence at lower levels is uncertain. We have sought the epidemiological studies that have examined the dose-response relationship between arsenic levels in drinking water and the risk of lung cancer over a range that includes both high and low levels of arsenic. Regression analysis, based on six studies identified from an electronic search, examined the relationship between the log of the relative risk and the log of the arsenic exposure over a range of 1-1000 µg/L.