Trends in functional limitations among middle-aged and older adults in the Asia-Pacific: survey evidence from 778,507 observations across six countries.

Background: There are few studies comparing health status trends among middle-aged and older adults in countries currently experiencing a rapid demographic and economic transition in the Asia-Pacific, relative to their high-income regional counterparts. This study investigates trends in functional limitations among individuals aged 45 years and above in six major Asia-Pacific countries, ranging from middle- to high-income, from 2001 to 2019 and examines disparities across socioeconomic and demographic sub-groups.

Methods: Data on 778,507 individuals from seven surveys in three high-income countries (Australia, Japan, South Korea) and three middle-income countries (China, Indonesia, and India) were used.

A Randomized Noninferiority Trial to Compare Enteral to Parenteral Phosphate Replacement on Biochemistry, Waste, and Environmental Impact and Healthcare Cost in Critically Ill Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypophosphatemia.

Objectives: Hypophosphatemia occurs frequently. Enteral, rather than IV, phosphate replacement may reduce fluid replacement, cost, and waste.

Design: Prospective, randomized, parallel group, noninferiority clinical trial.

Assessing the Accuracy of Systolic Aortic Pressure Estimation From a Brachial Cuff Alone: A Comparison With Radial Tonometry.

Background: A novel method for estimating central systolic aortic pressure (cSAP) has emerged, relying solely on the peripheral mean (MBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures. We aimed to assess the accuracy of this Direct Central Blood Pressure estimation using cuff alone (DCBPcuff = MBP2/DBP) in comparison to the use of a generalized transfer function to derive cSAP from radial tonometry (cSAPtono).

Methods: This retrospective analysis involved the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS) data (Aparicio et al.

Assisted reproductive technologies could be associated with higher risk of parenting difficulties in women with postpartum major depression.

No increased risk of postpartum major depression (PPMD) was reported in women conceiving through assisted reproductive technologies (ART). However, ART may be associated with a higher risk of parenting difficulties in women with PPMD. In 359 women with a PPMD admitted to a Mother-Baby Unit (MBU), ART-women (4.

Knowledge gaps in heart and lung donation after the circulatory determination of death: Report of a workshop of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

In a workshop sponsored by the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, experts identified current knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the scientific, conceptual, and ethical understanding of organ donation after the circulatory determination of death and its technologies.

Impact of paternal psychiatric disorders on parents-baby separation after mother-baby unit care.

Background: Paternal mental health may have an impact on parenthood especially in case of maternal postpartum severe psychiatric illness.

Objective: The aim of this study was to search for an association between paternal psychiatric disorder and parents-baby separation after a maternal joint hospitalization for a severe postpartum psychiatric episode.

Participants And Settings: In an observational, naturalist and multicentric study, 787 fathers whose partner was hospitalized in a mother-baby unit were included.

Evaluation of Non-Compressive Transvaginal Cervical Elastography as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker in Pregnancy: A Repeatability and Reliability Analysis.

Objectives: Non-compressive strain elastography has been proposed as a novel quantitative imaging biomarker for assessing the structure and function of the cervix. The current study aims to assess the repeatability, and intra- and inter-observer reliability of transvaginal non-compressive cervical strain elastography in a clinical setting.

Methods: We conducted a dual-phase single-center prospective feasibility study of singleton gestations >16-weeks gestation that required a clinically-indicated transvaginal ultrasound.

Non-Invasive Estimation of Central Systolic Blood Pressure by Radial Tonometry: A Simplified Approach.

Backround: Central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) provides valuable clinical and physiological information. A recent invasive study showed that cSBP can be reliably estimated from mean (MBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. In this non-invasive study, we compared cSBP calculated using a Direct Central Blood Pressure estimation (DCBP = MBP/DBP) with cSBP estimated by radial tonometry.

The association between disability progression, relapses, and treatment in early relapse onset MS: an observational, multi-centre, longitudinal cohort study.

The indirect contribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses to disability worsening outcomes, and vice-versa, remains unclear. Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) are potential modulators of this association. Understanding how these endo-phenotypes interact may provide insights into disease pathogenesis and treatment practice in relapse-onset MS (ROMS).

Pathways between Risk/Protective Factors and Maternal Postnatal Depressive Symptoms: The ELFE Cohort.

Objective: The risk factors for postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) are numerous, but little is known about the protective factors or the interactions between different exposures. The present study explored the pathways between maternal, infant and parenthood vulnerabilities or risk/protective factors and PNDS at 2 months postpartum (PP) in a large sample of women from the general population.

Methods: We used data from the French ELFE cohort, a nationally representative cohort of children followed-up from birth.

Electrocardiogram abnormalities and renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A healthcare facilities-based cross-sectional study in Dang district of Nepal.

Aims/introduction: The global burden of diabetes mellitus is rising substantially, with a further increase in cardiovascular and kidney disease burden. These public health problems are highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Nepal. However, there is limited evidence on cardiac and renal conditions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Validation of a multiple marker test for early pregnancy outcome prediction.

Purpose: To validate the use of a multiple biomarker test panel for predicting first trimester pregnancy outcome in a multi-center cohort.

Methods: A case-control study of women presenting with pain and bleeding in early pregnancy at 5-10 weeks gestational age was performed at three academic centers. Sera from women with ectopic pregnancy (EP), viable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and miscarriage (SAB) were analyzed via immunoassay for Activin A (AA), Progesterone (P4), A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease-12 (ADAM12), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), glycodelin (Glyc), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

A pleiotropic variant in DNAJB4 is associated with multiple myeloma risk.

Pleiotropy, which consists of a single gene or allelic variant affecting multiple unrelated traits, is common across cancers, with evidence for genome-wide significant loci shared across cancer and noncancer traits. This feature is particularly relevant in multiple myeloma (MM) because several susceptibility loci that have been identified to date are pleiotropic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify novel pleiotropic variants involved in MM risk using 28 684 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from GWAS Catalog that reached a significant association (P < 5 × 10 ) with their respective trait.

Incidence and Time Trends of Pregnancy-Related Stroke Between 2010 and 2018: The Nationwide CONCEPTION Study.

Background And Objectives: Despite the potentially devastating effects of pregnancy-related stroke, few studies have examined its incidence by type of stroke. We aimed to study the nationwide incidence rates and recent temporal trends for all types of pregnancy-related stroke and to compare these incidences with stroke incidence in nonpregnant women.

Methods: We conducted a study of 6,297,698 women aged 15-49 years who gave birth in France between 2010 and 2018 with no history of stroke before pregnancy by collecting data from the French National Health Insurance Information System database.

Multiple imputation approaches for handling incomplete three-level data with time-varying cluster-memberships.

Three-level data arising from repeated measures on individuals clustered within higher-level units are common in medical research. A complexity arises when individuals change clusters over time, resulting in a cross-classified data structure. Missing values in these studies are commonly handled via multiple imputation (MI).

Associations of prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances with preterm birth: A family-based birth cohort study.

Studies have investigated associations between maternal exposure to PFAS and preterm birth, but the impact of paternal and overall family exposure to PFAS mixtures on preterm birth remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, a total of 355 preterm births and 481 controls were selected for a family-based birth cohort study in a coastal area of China, between 2016 and 2018. Seven PFAS, including perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), were quantified in maternal, paternal and neonatal sera.

Interventions for malnutrition in hospitalized adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized adults. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of hospital-initiated interventions for patients with malnutrition.

Methods: Data sources included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library from January 1, 2000 to June 3, 2021.

Adult atopic eczema and the risk of dementia: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Chronic inflammatory conditions have been linked to dementia, but little is known about the role of atopic eczema, an inflammatory condition recently recognized to be common among older adults.

Objective: To determine whether active atopic eczema is associated with incident dementia.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study of 1,767,667 individuals aged 60 to 99 years registered with The Health Improvement Network, a primary care cohort in the United Kingdom.

Disparities in radiation therapy utilization for cancer patients in Victoria.

Introduction: To evaluate the proportion of cancer patients who received radiation therapy (RT) within 12 months of cancer diagnosis (RTU12) and identify factors associated with RTU12.

Methods: This is a population-based cohort of individuals with incident cancer, diagnosed between 2013 and 2017 in Victoria. Data linkages were performed between the Victorian Cancer Registry and Victorian Radiotherapy Minimum Dataset.

Risk factors for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in cases of severe acidosis: A case-control study.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to identify the obstetric risk factors for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in infants with asphyxia at birth.

Material And Methods: This multicenter case-control study covered the 5-year period from 2014 through 2018 and included newborns ≥36 weeks of gestation with an umbilical pH at birth ≤7.0.

Cancer Risks Associated With and Pathogenic Variants.

Purpose: To provide precise age-specific risk estimates of cancers other than female breast and ovarian cancers associated with pathogenic variants (PVs) in and for effective cancer risk management.

Methods: We used data from 3,184 and 2,157 families in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of to estimate age-specific relative (RR) and absolute risks for 22 first primary cancer types adjusting for family ascertainment.

Results: PVs were associated with risks of male breast (RR = 4.