Cost-utility analysis of combination medical therapies in chronic coronary syndrome: a comparative study using real-world and patient-level data from Iran.

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various medical therapy combinations in managing chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) in Iran, based on real-world and patient-level data.

Design: A cost-utility analysis employing a Markov model was conducted using data from a retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted in the healthcare setting of Iran, focusing on primary and secondary care.

Identifying specific subgroups of older patients at risk of repeated hospital readmissions and death after discharge in a prospective multicentre cohort in France.

Objective: To identify specific subgroups of older patients at risk of repeated hospital readmissions and death.

Design: Prospective, multicentre, DAMAGE (Patient Outcomes After Hospitalization in Acute Geriatric Unit) cohort of adults aged 75 and over, discharged from an acute geriatric unit (AGU) and followed up for 12 months.

Setting: Six recruiting hospital centres in the Hauts-de-France and Normandie regions of France.

Malnutrition among under-5 children and its determinants in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh: A community-based study.

Objective: The study examines the prevalence of stunting, the most common form of malnutrition and its determinants among children under-5 in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Settings: Two coastal villages of the Bagerhat and Khulna districts of Bangladesh.

Risk, incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism among patients attending the emergency department of tertiary care hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk, incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients admitted to the emergency department of tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia.

Design: A multicentre hospital-based prospective follow-up study was conducted.

Setting: The study was conducted in three tertiary care hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Burn Emergency and Trauma Hospital and St.

Retrospective observational study of the association of peak blood glucose during the second 24 hours of admission with hospital-acquired complications in non-critical care admissions to a tertiary referral teaching hospital.

Introduction: Stress hyperglycaemia at hospital presentation is associated with poorer outcomes. Less is known about the risk of poorer outcomes according to achieved glycaemia early in the admission.

Research Design/methods: This was a retrospective observational study of patients admitted to non-critical care wards.

Understanding patients' emotional well-being, perceptions and concerns during an unprecedented deferment of arthroplasty: an Italian qualitative study.

Objectives: Nearly 40 000 Italian patients had their arthroplasty postponed between March and May 2020 (lockdown period) and experienced a period of several months without knowing when surgeries would resume. The hypothesis was that such conditions caused changes in perceived well-being and quality of life. The study aimed to explore the feelings, perceptions and concerns of orthopaedic patients in Italy during COVID-related arthroplasty rescheduling.

Burden of cancer attributable to sedentary behaviour in Germany: an epidemiological analysis of survey data.

Objectives: Sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with increased risks of breast, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian and rectal cancers. However, the number of cancer cases attributable to SB in Germany and the associated costs are unknown.

Setting: Numbers and proportions (population-attributable fractions, PAF) of new cancer cases attributable to SB with published risk estimates for Germany for the years 2024, 2030 and 2040.

Intimate partner violence help-seeking norms: scale reliability and cross-sectional multilevel associations with intimate partner violence among youth in Nairobi, Kenya.

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) threatens women's health and safety. Support services can mitigate the impact, yet few survivors seek services in part due to social norms that discourage use. Little agreement exists on how to measure norms and attitudes related to IPV help-seeking.

Wildlife policy, the food system and One Health: a complex systems analysis of unintended consequences for the prevention of emerging zoonoses in China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Philippines.

Introduction: Evolving human-wildlife interactions have contributed to emerging zoonoses outbreaks, and pandemic prevention policy for wildlife management and conservation requires enhanced consideration from this perspective. However, the risk of unintended consequences is high. In this study, we aimed to assess how unrecognised complexity and system adaptation can lead to policy failure, and how these dynamics may impact zoonotic spillover risk and food system outcomes.

Disparities in dolutegravir utilisation in children, adolescents and young adults (0-24 years) living with HIV. An analysis of the IeDEA Pediatric West African cohort.

Introduction: We describe the 24-month incidence of Dolutegravir (DTG)-containing antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation since its introduction in 2019 in West Africa.

Methods: We included all patients aged 0-24 years on ART from nine clinics in Côte d'Ivoire (n=4), Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. Baseline varied by clinic and was defined as date of first DTG prescription; patients were followed up until database closure/death/loss to follow-up (LTFU, no visit ≥7 months), whichever came first.

Characterizing the Microstructural Transition at the Gray Matter-White Matter Interface: Implementation and Demonstration of Age-Associated Differences.

Background: The cortical gray matter-white matter interface (GWI) is a natural transition zone where the composition of brain tissue abruptly changes and is a location for pathologic change in brain disorders. While diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a reliable and well-established technique to characterize brain microstructure, the GWI is difficult to assess with dMRI due to partial volume effects and is normally excluded from such studies.

Methods: In this study, we introduce an approach to characterize the dMRI microstructural profile across the GWI and to assess the sharpness of the microstructural transition from cortical gray matter (GM) to white matter (WM).

Multi-domain Online Therapeutic Investigation of Neurocognition (MOTION) - A randomized comparative-effectiveness study of two remotely delivered mind-body interventions for older adults with cognitive decline.

Background: Research suggest that mind-body movement programs have beneficial effects on cognitive outcomes for older adults with cognitive decline. However, few studies have directly compared specific approaches to mind-body movement or studied the impact of remote program delivery.

Methods: In a 3-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) for older adults with cognitive impairment, we are comparing a multidomain mind-body program that emphasizes movement, body awareness, personal meaningfulness, and social connection, and a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise (Tai Chi) to a health and wellness education control condition.

Multilevel intervention for follow-up of abnormal FIT in the safety-net: IMProving Adherence to Colonoscopy through Teams and Technology (IMPACTT).

Background: Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is a widely used first step for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Abnormal FIT results require a colonoscopy for screening completion and CRC diagnosis, but the rate of timely colonoscopy is low, especially among patients in safety-net settings. Multi-level factors at the clinic- and patient-levels influence colonoscopy completion after an abnormal FIT.

Adaptive behaviour during epidemics: a social risk appraisal approach to modelling dynamics.

The interaction of infectious diseases and behavioural responses to them has been the subject of widespread study. However, limited attention has been given to how broader social context shapes behavioural response. In this work, we propose a novel framework which combines two well-studied dynamic processes into a 'social risk appraisal' mechanism.

Random walk models in the life sciences: including births, deaths and local interactions.

Random walks and related spatial stochastic models have been used in a range of application areas, including animal and plant ecology, infectious disease epidemiology, developmental biology, wound healing and oncology. Classical random walk models assume that all individuals in a population behave independently, ignoring local physical and biological interactions. This assumption simplifies the mathematical description of the population considerably, enabling continuum-limit descriptions to be derived and used in model analysis and fitting.

Improving influenza forecast in the tropics and subtropics: a case study of Hong Kong.

Influenza forecasts could aid public health response as shown for temperate regions, but such efforts are more challenging in the tropics and subtropics due to more irregular influenza activities. Here, we built six forecast approaches for influenza in the (sub)tropics, with six model forms designed to model seasonal infection risk (i.e.

Genomic and phenotypic correlates of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in blood.

Mosaic loss of Y (mLOY) is the most common somatic chromosomal alteration detected in human blood. The presence of mLOY is associated with altered blood cell counts and increased risk of Alzheimer disease, solid tumors, and other age-related diseases. We sought to gain a better understanding of genetic drivers and associated phenotypes of mLOY through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large set of genetically diverse males from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.

Stroke Subtypes Mortality Attributable to Smoking in China: A Study Based on the Global Burden of Disease Database 2021.

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze long-term trends in ischemic stroke (IS), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mortality from smoking in China from 1992 to 2021, to provide scientific advice on stroke prevention and treatment in China.

Methods: The mortality data of smoking-related stroke and its subtypes in China during 1992-2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2021. Joinpoint regression model and Age-period-cohort (APC) model were used for trend analysis.

Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory examination data of 112 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children and provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of MP and refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children. A total of 112 children with MPP admitted to Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 31, 2023 and December 31, 2023 were studied, and their clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed, including children's general data, clinical symptoms, imaging changes, bronchoscopy, and laboratory data, including inflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), bacterial culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage or sputum, and results of MP culture and detection of MP drug resistance gene loci 23sRNA A2063G and A2064G. Among the 112 children with MPP included in the analysis, 48 were males (42.

Primary care research on hypertension: A bibliometric analysis using machine-learning.

Hypertension is one of the most important chronic diseases worldwide. Hypertension is a critical condition encountered frequently in daily life, forming a significant area of service in Primary Health Care (PHC), which healthcare professionals often confront. It serves as a precursor to many critical illnesses and can lead to fatalities if not addressed promptly.

Evaluation of ixabepilone efficacy and tolerability in metastatic breast cancer.

Although microtubule inhibitors are generally used in advanced stages, they provide the opportunity to prolong survival as an alternative when medical oncologists have difficulty finding options in their patients, who typically have a poor prognosis and most of whom are unresponsive to treatment. For this reason, we wanted to investigate the effect of ixabepilone treatment on survival in earlier metastatic lines. Our study also examined the frequency of side effects and survival differences in patients whose dose was reduced or whose treatment was discontinued.

Predictive impact of clinical factors on chemosensitivity in advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma according to chemotherapy response score.

The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) as a first-line therapy for advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) has increased. However, several studies have reported NAC-induced platinum resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive impact of clinical factors on chemotherapy response score (CRS) and to select patients who would respond well to NAC.

Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness and coverage among children younger than 5 years old in Shanghai, China: A test-negative case control study.

Objectives: The number of post-marketing studies assessing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR, licensed in 2000 exclusively in China) and the oral human attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, licensed in China in 2018) in China is limited.

Methods: A test-negative case-control study based on prospective surveillance was conducted among diarrhea patients aged 5 years and younger at five hospitals in Shanghai, China. Cases and controls were defined based on the results of real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of fecal samples for rotavirus.

Non-carbapenem-producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children: Risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanism.

Background: The investigation into risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) in pediatric populations in China is currently inadequate.

Methods: To assess epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and resistance mechanisms, virulence-associated genes were analyzed, alongside multi locus sequence typing (MLST), PCR, and qRT-PCR.

Finding: Multivariate analysis identified prolonged hospitalization (OR: 1.

Epidemiology of DSM-5 PTSD and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in the Netherlands.

Introduction: Information regarding the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs), DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and ICD-11 complex PTSD (CPTSD) in the Netherlands is currently lacking, as is data on treatment uptake and treatment barriers. We aimed to provide prevalence estimates for potentially traumatic events, PTSD and CPTSD in the Netherlands, describe treatment seeking behavior and explore associated risk factors.

Method: We included a sample of 1690 participants aged 16 years and older across the Netherlands via the Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences panel, a true probability sample of households drawn from the population register by Statistics Netherlands.