Nontargeted Identification of Organic Components in Fine Particulate Matter Related to Lung Tumor Metastasis Based on an Adverse Outcome Pathway Strategy.

Emerging studies implicate fine particulate matter (PM) and its organic components (OCs) as urgent hazard factors for lung cancer progression in nonsmokers. Establishing the adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-directed nontargeted identification method, this study aimed to explore whether PM exposure in coal-burning areas promoted lung tumor metastasis and how we identify its effective OCs to support traceability and control of regional PM pollution. First, we used a nude mouse model of lung cancer for PM exposure and found that the exposure significantly promoted the hematogenous metastases of A549-Luc cells in lung tissues and the adverse outcomes (AOs), with key events (KEs) including the changed expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as suppression of E-cad and increased expression of Fib.

Association between electrocardiographic abnormalities and flood exposure among middle-aged and elderly people: A national longitudinal study in China.

Background: Flooding has become more frequent and intensive due to climate change, particularly in Asian countries. However, evidence on the long-term health effects of floods from large-scale studies on the vulnerable aged population in China is insufficient. This study analyzed the long-term effects of exposure to flood on electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, a commonly used indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening, in middle-aged and elderly people.

Transdermal Nicotine Treatment and Progression of Early Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show that smokers have a lower incidence of Parkinson’s disease. Nicotine has been hypothesized to slow progression in early Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, we randomly assigned patients with Parkinson’s disease, diagnosed within 18 months, who were in Hoehn and Yahr disease stage less than or equal to 2 (range from 0 to 5; higher scores indicate greater impairment), who were therapy naïve (except for stable monoamine-oxidase-B inhibition), and not requiring dopaminergic therapy, to transdermal nicotine or placebo.

Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Human Occupants in a Student Office: Dependence on Ozone Concentration.

Human occupants themselves constitute an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor environments through breath and dermal emissions. In order to quantify VOC emissions from occupants under real-world settings, previous indoor observational studies often determined emission factors (i.e.

The Association Between Urbanization and Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in China: a Nationwide Longitudinal Study.

The health effects of urbanization are controversial. The association between urbanization and reversible subclinical risks of cardiovascular diseases (e.g.

Health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions: progress in efficacy and geographic equality.

Clean air actions (CAAs) in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public health. However, whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is unknown. Using high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter [PM] and ozone [O]) and population, we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from, and geographic inequality embedded in, the reduced exposures to PM and O from 2013 to 2020.

Ambient temperature anomalies induce electrocardiogram abnormalities: Findings from a nationwide longitudinal study.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) outcomes serve as early manifestations of cardiovascular functional or structural changes. While temperature fluctuation has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, few epidemiological studies have reported its relationship with ECG outcomes. In this study, we employed temperature anomaly (TA) as an innovative indicator of temperature fluctuation to quantify its detrimental impacts on ECG outcomes.

Quantifying anthropogenic emission of iron in marine aerosol in the Northwest Pacific with shipborne online measurements.

Anthropogenic emissions are recognized as significant contributors to atmospheric soluble iron (Fe) in recent years, which may affect marine primary productivity, especially in Fe-limited areas. However, the contribution of different emission sources to Fe in marine aerosol has been primarily estimated by modeling approaches. Quantifying anthropogenic Fe based on field measurements remains a great challenge.

Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level and Mortality: Investigation of Heterogeneity by Harmonizing Analyses in Large Cohort Studies in Canada, United States, and Europe.

Background: Studies across the globe generally reported increased mortality risks associated with particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter () exposure with large heterogeneity in the magnitude of reported associations and the shape of concentration-response functions (CRFs). We aimed to evaluate the impact of key study design factors (including confounders, applied exposure model, population age, and outcome definition) on effect estimates by harmonizing analyses on three previously published large studies in Canada [Mortality-Air Pollution Associations in Low Exposure Environments (MAPLE), 1991-2016], the United States (Medicare, 2000-2016), and Europe [Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE), 2000-2016] as much as possible.

Methods: We harmonized the study populations to individuals years of age, applied the same satellite-derived exposure estimates, and selected the same sets of potential confounders and the same outcome.

Patterns of sleep quality and its influence factors: A latent class model among students of medical university in Hubei Province, China.

Background: Sleep problem among undergraduate students has become one of the most pressing public health problems. This study aimed to explore the latent class of sleep patterns and the factors affecting sleep in Chinese students of medical university.

Methods: 3423 students participated in the cross-sectional study.

Polystyrene microplastics enhance oxidative dissolution but suppress the aquatic acute toxicity of a commercial cadmium yellow pigment under simulated irradiation.

Commercial cadmium yellow (CdS) pigment widely coexist with microplastics (MPs) in surface water, thus it is important to understand how MPs affect CdS pigment stability and toxicity under irradiation. Herein, the dissolution of CdS pigment (k = 0.118 h) under irradiation was visibly increased to 0.

The Earth Summit Mission-2022: Successful ozone soundings contribute to source identification in the north Mt. Qomolangma region.

As part of "The Earth Summit Mission-2022" during the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) in April and May 2022, we conducted the ozone sounding experiment (an ozonesonde mated to a radiosonde) at Mt. Qomolangma Base Camp (MQBC; 86.85°E, 28.

The yeast prion protein Sup35 initiates α-synuclein pathology in mouse models of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the pathologic aggregation and prion-like propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Emerging evidence shows that fungal infections increase the incidence of PD. However, the molecular mechanisms by which fungi promote the onset of PD are poorly understood.

The yeast protein Ure2p triggers Tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy.

The molecular mechanisms that trigger Tau aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain elusive. Fungi, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), can be found in brain samples from patients with AD.

Middle-term nitrogen dioxide exposure and electrocardiogram abnormalities: A nationwide longitudinal study.

Background: Recently, professionals, such as those from the World Health Organization, have recommended a rigorous standard for nitrogen dioxide (NO), a typical urban air pollutant affected by regular traffic emissions, based on its short-term and long-term cardiorespiratory effects. However, the association between middle-term NO exposure and cardiovascular disorders remains unknown.

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between NO exposure and its middle-term cardiovascular risks indicated by electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities.

A temporally and spatially explicit, data-driven estimation of airborne ragweed pollen concentrations across Europe.

Ongoing and future climate change driven expansion of aeroallergen-producing plant species comprise a major human health problem across Europe and elsewhere. There is an urgent need to produce accurate, temporally dynamic maps at the continental level, especially in the context of climate uncertainty. This study aimed to restore missing daily ragweed pollen data sets for Europe, to produce phenological maps of ragweed pollen, resulting in the most complete and detailed high-resolution ragweed pollen concentration maps to date.

Gestational age modifies the association between exposure to fine particles and fetal death: findings from a nationwide epidemiological study in the contiguous United States.

Backgrounds: The vulnerability of fetuses differs at different developmental stages, in response to environmental stressors such as fine particulate matter (PM), a ubiquitous air pollutant. Whether gestational age (GA) modifies the association between prenatal fine particulate matter (PM) exposure and fetal death remains unclear.

Methods: We selected approximately 47.

A Systematic Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Occurrences, Levels, Biotransformation, Exposure Biomarkers, and Toxicity.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives constitute a significant class of emerging contaminants that have been ubiquitously detected in diverse environmental matrixes, with some even exhibiting higher toxicities than their corresponding parent PAHs. To date, compared with parent PAHs, fewer systematic summaries and reanalyses are available for PAH derivatives with great environmental concerns. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the chemical species, levels, biotransformation patterns, chemical analytical methods, internal exposure routes with representative biomarkers, and toxicity of PAH derivatives, primarily focusing on nitrated PAHs (NPAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), halogenated PAHs (XPAHs), and alkylated PAHs (APAHs).

Estimating the exposure-response function between long-term ozone exposure and under-5 mortality in 55 low-income and middle-income countries: a retrospective, multicentre, epidemiological study.

Background: In 2021, WHO suggested new target concentration limits for long-term exposure to ambient ozone. However, the harmful effects of ozone on vulnerable children have not been sufficiently studied. We aimed to evaluate the association between long-term ozone exposure and mortality in children younger than 5 years (hereafter denoted under-5 mortality) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to estimate this mortality burden for 97 LMICs.

Transformer-based biomarker prediction from colorectal cancer histology: A large-scale multicentric study.

Deep learning (DL) can accelerate the prediction of prognostic biomarkers from routine pathology slides in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, current approaches rely on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and have mostly been validated on small patient cohorts. Here, we develop a new transformer-based pipeline for end-to-end biomarker prediction from pathology slides by combining a pre-trained transformer encoder with a transformer network for patch aggregation.

Obesity-related cardiometabolic indicators modify the associations of personal noise exposure with heart rate variability: A further investigation on the Study among Obese and Normal-weight Adults (SONA).

Elucidating the associations between environmental noise and heart rate variability (HRV) would be beneficial for the prevention and control of detrimental cardiovascular changes. Obese people have been found to manifest heightened susceptibility to the adverse effects of noise on HRV. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.