Association between ambient particulate matter and latent tuberculosis infection among 198 275 students.

Background: Numerous studies have estimated the impact of outdoor particulate matter (PM) on tuberculosis risk. Nevertheless, whether there is an association between ambient PM and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) risk remains uncertain.

Methods: We collected the basic information and LTBI test results of students who underwent freshmen enrolment physical examinations in 68 middle schools from six prefecture-level cities located in eastern China between 2018 and 2021.

Ambient air pollution contributed to pulmonary tuberculosis in China.

Published studies on outdoor air pollution and tuberculosis risk have shown heterogeneous results. Discrepancies in prior studies may be partially explained by the limited geographic scope, diverse exposure times, and heterogeneous statistical methods. Thus, we conducted a multi-province, multi-city time-series study to comprehensively investigate this issue.

LCN2 regulates the gut microbiota and metabolic profile in mice infected with .

Unlabelled: Infection with precipitates a spectrum of pathologies in bovines, notably necrotic pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis, impinging upon the health and nutritional assimilation of these animals. A pivotal factor, lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), is responsive to microbial invasion, inflammatory processes, and tissue damage, the extent of which Lcn2 modulates the gut environment, however, remains unclear in response to -induced alterations. To explore the role of Lcn2 in shaping the gut milieu of mice during a 5-week period post infection, Lcn2 knockout Lcn2 mice were scrutinized for changes in the gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles.

Colonization of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens among healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Healthcare settings may amplify transmission of respiratory pathogens, however empirical evidence is lacking. We aimed to describe the spectrum and distribution of respiratory pathogens among healthcare workers in eastern China.

Methods: Healthcare workers were recruited from October 2020 to November 2021 in Jiangsu province.

The alleviation effect and its mechanism of Niuhuang Jiedu prescription on realgar-induced genotoxicity in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Realgar (AsS or AsS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing arsenic. Existing studies have shown that it has genotoxicity under long-term use with large doses. Niuhuang Jiedu (NHJD) is a Chinese medicine prescription containing realgar and seven other TCMs.

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in eastern China from 2011 to 2021.

China is still among the 30 high-burden tuberculosis (TB) countries in the world. Few studies have described the spatial epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary TB (PTB) in Jiangsu Province. The registered incidence data of PTB patients in 95 counties of Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2021 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System.

Computer-aided designing of a novel multi‑epitope DNA vaccine against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne viral disease caused by the SFTS virus (Dabie bandavirus), which has become a substantial risk to public health. No specific treatment is available now, that calls for an effective vaccine. Given this, we aimed to develop a multi-epitope DNA vaccine through the help of bioinformatics.

Effectiveness, cost, and safety of four regimens recommended by WHO for RR/MDR-TB treatment: a cohort study in Eastern China.

Background: To compare the effectiveness, cost, and safety of four regimens recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for rifampicin resistance/multidrug-resistance tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) Treatment in Eastern China.

Methods: We performed a cohort study among patients with RR/MDR between 2020 and 2022 in Jiangsu Province. The treatment success rate, cost, and drug adverse reaction rate were compared.

Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Isoniazid-Resistant Tuberculosis from 2012 to 2022 in Eastern China.

Background: Isoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis (Hr-TB) is the most frequent drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in the world, and unfavorable outcomes of Hr-TB are more common compared to drug-susceptible TB. Considering there is no optimal regimen accepted worldwide, we undertook a retrospective cohort study in eastern China to estimate incidence trends and risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes of Hr-TB.

Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2022, all Hr-TB patients' information was extracted from the Tuberculosis Information Management System (TIMS), which is a national electronic information platform, to record TB patients' clinical information in this study.

Latent tuberculosis infection and infection-associated risk factors for miner workers with silicosis in eastern China.

Objectives: Silicosis people are at high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Whether silica exposure increases the likelihood of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was not well understood, and potential factors involved in LTBI risk among silicosis people were not evaluated before. Thus, LTBI among silicosis people and potential risk factors for LTBI among silicosis people were evaluated in this study.

Diagnostic performance of a novel ESAT6-CFP10 skin test for tuberculosis infection in school tuberculosis outbreak in China.

Background: The ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) skin test is recommended by the World Health Organization for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, it is still unknown how the EC skin test performs in students during a school tuberculosis outbreak.

Methods: We conducted an epidemiological investigation to assess the performance of the EC skin test in this high-risk population.

Smoking Exposure and the Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Results from NHANES 2011-2012.

The association between smoking exposure and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been investigated in a few studies; however, further investigation is needed. In this study, the 2011-2012 NHANES population was used to evaluate smoking exposure and LTBI risk. A total of 7042 participants with available LTBI results and without active tuberculosis were included for analysis.

Higher insoluble fiber intake is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer: results from the PLCO cohort.

Studies regarding the relationship between fiber intake and prostate cancer (PCa) have conflicting results. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between fiber intake and the risk of PCa by using data from Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. A total of 54,336 participants in the United States, consisting of 6,414 patients with PCa, were included in this study.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Associated Factors Among Patients with HCV Infection - Jiangsu Province, China, 2004-2020.

What Is Already Known On This Topic?: The global efforts to address the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are progressing, but there are still significant gaps in the diagnosis and treatment of HCV, leading to an increasing number of deaths related to HCV.

What Is Added By This Report?: An extensive investigation was conducted to assess HCV RNA diagnosis, treatment uptake, and associated factors among individuals infected with HCV within Jiangsu Province. The study encompassed a large geographical area and utilized a substantial sample size.

Air pollutants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary tuberculosis: A mediation analysis of gene-specific methylation.

Particulate matter (PM) exposure could alter the risk of tuberculosis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We enrolled 132 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and 30 controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from all participants to detect organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metal elements, and DNA methylation of immunity-related genes.

Global, regional, and national estimates of tuberculosis incidence and case detection among incarcerated individuals from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis.

Background: People who are incarcerated are at high risk of developing tuberculosis. We aimed to estimate the annual global, regional, and national incidence of tuberculosis among incarcerated populations from 2000 to 2019.

Methods: We collected and aggregated data for tuberculosis incidence and prevalence estimates among incarcerated individuals in published and unpublished literature, annual tuberculosis notifications among incarcerated individuals at the country level, and the annual number of incarcerated individuals at the country level.

Spatiotemporally Comparative Analysis of HIV, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, HIV-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in Jiangsu Province, China.

Purpose: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a severe chronic communicable disease that causes a heavy disease burden in China. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and PTB coinfection dramatically increases the risk of death. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV, PTB and HIV-PTB coinfection in Jiangsu Province, China, and explores the impact of socioeconomic determinants.

The interactive effects of extreme temperatures and PM pollution on mortalities in Jiangsu Province, China.

Exposure to extreme temperatures or fine particles is associated with adverse health outcomes but their interactive effects remain unclear. We aimed to explore the interactions of extreme temperatures and PM pollution on mortalities. Based on the daily mortality data collected during 2015-2019 in Jiangsu Province, China, we conducted generalized linear models with distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the regional-level effects of cold/hot extremes and PM pollution.

Positive rate and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection among persons living with HIV in Jiangsu Province, China.

Objective: To analyze the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among persons living with HIV(PLWH) in Jiangsu Province, to explore the factors affecting the positive rate of LTBI, and to take appropriate measures to control tuberculosis (TB) infection.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWH in Jiangsu Province from June to July 2021. All PLWH in Jiangsu Province were used as the study population.

Environment pollutants exposure affects the endogenous activation of within-host Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Objective: Epidemiological studies have linked ambient pollutants with tuberculosis (TB) risk, but the association has not been fully understood. Here, for the first time, we applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the reproductive state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by profiling the mutation rate of MTB (MTBMR) during within-host endogenous reactivated progression, intending to dissect the actual effects of ambient pollutants on the endogenous reactivation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on bacteriologically confirmed TB patients and followed them for relapse in Jiangsu and Sichuan Province, China.

[Progress in research of prophylactic therapy in contacts of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients].

Tuberculosis (TB) prophylactic therapy for latent infection, which can reduce the risk for the development of active TB, is an important measure in TB control. China recommends prophylactic therapy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in some key populations to reduce the risk for TB. Contacts of patients with multi-drug and rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) are at high risk for the infection with drug-resistant pathogen, however, no unified prophylactic therapy regimen has been recommended for LTBI due to exposure to MDR/RR-TB patients.