Mortality Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV Receiving Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural China.

Background: Second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced in Henan Province in 2009. The number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) starting this therapy is increasing.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the survival and factors affecting mortality among this group.

[Monitoring and analysis on host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Henan Province from 2019 to 2022].

To investigate the distribution and hantavirus (HV) carrying state in host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Henan Province from 2019 to 2022. Host animal monitoring was carried out at the monitoring sites of HFRS in Henan Province. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect hantavirus in rat lungs.

Thirteen-year viral suppression and immunologic recovery of LPV/r-based regimens in pediatric HIV treatment: a multicenter cohort study in resource-constrained settings of China.

Background: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in children remains challenging due to resource-constrained settings. We conducted a 13-year, prospective, multicenter cohort study on the effectiveness and safety of LPV/r-based regimens in ART-naive and ART-experienced children.

Methods: From January 2008 to May 2021, children living with HIV-1 were recruited with LPV/r-based regimens from 8 clinical research sites in 6 provinces in China.

Prevalence and Genomic Characteristics of -Positive Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Humans, Pigs, and Foods in China.

Colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. However, genes conferring resistance to colistin have been widely identified, which is considered a global threat to public health. Here, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of -harboring Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans, animals, and foods in China by PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, molecular typing, genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis.

Effectors of Hyperlipidemia among HIV/AIDS patients with second-line antiretroviral therapy based on register data.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and effectors of hyperlipidemia among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and taking second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) using registry data in central China.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected information of PLWHA on second-line ART during 2018 from two medical registries. Hyperlipidemia was defined according to the 2016 Chinese guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in adults.

Development of monoclonal antibody based IgG and IgM ELISA for diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection.

Introduction: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emerged virus that poses a great threat to human health because of high fatality rate.

Methods: To develop sensitive and specific sero-diagnostic systems for SFTSV infections, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against recombinant SFTSV nucleocapsid (rSFTSV-N) protein were developed by immunizing BALB/C mice with rSFTSV-N protein and fusing the spleen cells with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Three hybridoma cell lines secreting MAbs against rSFTSV-N were obtained.

Suboptimal immune recovery and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS on second-line antiretroviral therapy in central China: A retrospective cohort study.

The introduction and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have contributed to significantly improved patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) quality of life and prolongs their survival. This has occurred by suppressing viral replication and recovering the CD4 cell count. However, some patients do not normalize their CD4 cell count, despite suppression of the viral load (VL).

Drug resistance profiles and influencing factors among HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving long-term ART: a multicentre observational study in China.

Objectives: To analyse the characteristics and determinants of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in HIV-infected children and adolescents on long-term ART in China.

Methods: An observational cohort study was conducted in five centres. All participants younger than 15 years at ART initiation were screened, and those identified as having virological failure (VF) with viral load (VL) ≥ 400 copies/mL were included for genotypic resistance testing.

Effects of Chinese Medicine on the Survival of AIDS Patients Administered Second-Line ART in Rural Areas of China: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Real-World Data.

Objectives: Chinese medicine (CM) improves the symptoms of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and prolongs their survival. This real-world study aimed to evaluate the effects of CM on the survival of AIDS patients administered second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the medical records of patients with AIDS who switched to second-line ART between January 2009 and December 2014.

What Iodine Intervention Measures Should Be Taken in Different Water Iodine Areas? Evidence from a Cross-sectional Chinese Survey.

The aim of this study was to assess the population's iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in different water iodine areas and to offer suggestions to the governments of different countries to adjust the present policy in different water iodine areas. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in different water iodine areas in China. Urinary iodine, water iodine, salt iodine and thyroid function were determined.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy on the Trend in CD4 T-Cell Counts among Patients with HIV/AIDS Treated with Antiretroviral Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted to explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy on the long-term trends in CD4 T-cell count among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) who were treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) over a 14-year period. A total of 721 individuals were treated with cART alone (cART group), and 307 individuals were treated with both cART and TCM (TCM + cART group). Among all enrolled patients with HIV/AIDS, 99.

Standardized Shiga-Toxin Encoding Genes Real-Time PCR Screening Methods Comparison and Development of an Internally Controlled Assay for Pan-stx2 Detection.

Background: Various primer and probe sets have been developed and standardized, but certain sets may have low efficiency or miss some stx-subtypes.

Objective: To compare the efficiency of the recommended stx screening primers and probe sets in four standardized methods and develop a new primers and probe system with an internal amplification control (IAC) for all known stx2 subtypes.

Method: The inclusivity and specificity of recommended screening primers and probe sets in four standardized methods were compared.

[Epidemic status of malaria and progress of malaria elimination in Henan Province, 2018].

Objective: To understand the epidemic status of malaria and progress of malaria elimination in Henan Province in 2018, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the control strategy of malaria.

Methods: All data pertaining to the epidemic status of malaria and malaria case were captured from Henan Province in 2018, and the epidemic status of malaria and the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.

Results: A total of 174 malaria cases were reported in Henan Province in 2018, with a male-to-female ratio of 33.

Protein 4.1R negatively regulates CD8 T-cell activation by modulating phosphorylation of linker for activation of T cells.

Protein 4.1R, an 80 000 MW membrane skeleton protein, is a vital component of the red blood cell membrane cytoskeleton that stabilizes the spectrin-actin network and regulates membrane properties of deformability and mechanical stability. It has been shown that 4.

Trends of foodborne diseases in China: lessons from laboratory-based surveillance since 2011.

Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance systems from 2013 to 2016, as well as different regions and ages, can be found along with differences in the patterns of pathogens detected with diverse characteristics.

Emergence and Diversity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime from Patients and Food-Producing Animals in China.

Salmonellosis is a major global foodborne infection, and strains that are resistant to a great variety of antibiotics have become a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum β-lactams in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) from patients and food-producing animals in China. In total, 133 and 21 NTS isolates from animals and humans, respectively, exhibiting concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime were cultured independently from 2009 to ∼2013.

[Investigation and analysis of overseas imported malaria prevalence in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014].

Objective: To understand the epidemic characteristics of imported malaria in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014, so as to provide the evidence for proposing the reasonable suggestions for imported malaria prevention and control.

Methods: The data of imported malaria were collected and the epidemic characteristics were analyzed in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014.

Results: A total of 569 imported malaria cases were reported in Henan Province from 2012 to 2014, including 445 cases of falciparum malaria, 48 cases of vivax malaria, 61 cases of ovale malaria, 14 cases of quartan malaria, and 1 case of mixed infection.

Analysis of Structures, Functions, and Epitopes of Aminopeptidase from Trichinella spiralis.

We have previously reported that the recombinant T. spiralis aminopeptidase (rTsAP) could induce a partial protective immunity against T. spiralis infection in mice.

The evolutionary history and spatiotemporal dynamics of the fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus (FTLSV) in China.

Background: In 2007, a novel bunyavirus was found in Henan Province, China and named fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus (FTLSV); since then, FTLSV has been found in ticks and animals in many Chinese provinces. Human-to-human transmission has been documented, indicating that FTLSV should be considered a potential public health threat. Determining the historical spread of FTLSV could help curtail its spread and prevent future movement of this virus.

Seroprevalence of pertussis in China: need to improve vaccination strategies.

Pertussis remains an important cause of infant death worldwide and is an ongoing public health concern even in countries with high vaccination coverage. A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was undertaken to estimate true incidence rates and gain further insight into the epidemiology and burden of pertussis in China. During 2011, a total of 1080 blood samples were obtained from healthy individuals between 0 and 86 y of age in Zhengzhou, Central China.

Detection of a novel bunyavirus associated with fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome in Henan Province, China, using real-time reverse transcription PCR.

A novel bunyavirus associated with fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) was discovered in Henan Province, China. Here, we report the development of an assay for this novel bunyavirus based on real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The assay exhibited high sensitivity and specificity without cross-reactivity towards 13 other viruses that cause similar symptoms.

Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in Henan, central China.

The aim of this study was to characterize the genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) in isolates obtained from Henan, China, and to study the distribution features of Beijing strains in Henan. A total of 443 MT strains isolated in Henan Province were tested for susceptibility to isonicotinylhydrazide (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (SM), and genotyped by spoligotyping. The clustering of genotypes revealed 4 gene clusters (Beijing and Beijing-like, T, Manu, and S and LAM3) and 24 genotypes.

Human-to-human transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus through contact with infectious blood.

We investigated an outbreak of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) that occurred during May and June 2010, to identify the mode of transmission. Contact with the index patient's blood was significantly associated with development of SFTS (P = .01, by the χ(2) test for linear trend); the frequency of contact with the index patient's blood increased the risk of SFTS in a dose-response manner (P = .