Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages/CD5L enhances phagocytosis in the trabecular meshwork cells and regulates ocular hypertension.

The trabecular meshwork (TM) cells of the eye are important for controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and regulating outflow resistance in the aqueous humor. TM cells can remove particles and cellular debris by phagocytosis, decreasing both outflow resistance and IOP. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Subcutaneously Transplanted Fresh Cartilage in Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Immunocompetent Mouse.

Cartilage is considered to be immune privileged in general. Clinically, live cells are removed from subcutaneously transplanted allogeneic cartilage mainly for preservation and for infection control. However, because maintaining cartilage feature requires live chondrocyte, it would be beneficial to subcutaneously transplant cartilage with live chondrocyte even if it was allogeneic.

1-Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine stimulates RORγt activity in T17 cells.

Metabolic fluxes involving fatty acid biosynthesis play essential roles in controlling the differentiation of T helper 17 (T17) cells. However, the exact enzymes and lipid metabolites involved, as well as their link to promoting the core gene transcriptional signature required for the differentiation of T17 cells, remain largely unknown. From a pooled CRISPR-based screen and unbiased lipidomics analyses, we identified that 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine could act as a lipid modulator of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) activity in T17 cells.

Coevolution of the ileum with Brk/Ptk6 family kinases confers robustness to ileal homeostasis.

Brk/Ptk6, Srms, and Frk constitute a Src-related but distinct family of tyrosine kinases called Brk family kinases (BFKs) in higher vertebrates. To date, however, their biological roles have remained largely unknown. In this study, we generated BFK triple-knockout (BFK/TKO) mice lacking all BFK members using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing.

Utility of nailfold capillary assessment for predicting pustulotic arthro-osteitis in palmoplantar pustulosis based on a prospective cohort study.

Background: Pustulotic arthro-osteitis (PAO) is 1 of the most serious comorbidities associated with palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Risk factors of PAO development are not well-known.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of nailfold capillary (NFC) changes in patients with PPP.

PLA2G2E-mediated lipid metabolism triggers brain-autonomous neural repair after ischemic stroke.

The brain is generally resistant to regeneration after damage. The cerebral endogenous mechanisms triggering brain self-recovery have remained unclarified to date. We here discovered that the secreted phospholipase PLA2G2E from peri-infarct neurons generated dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) as necessary for triggering brain-autonomous neural repair after ischemic brain injury.

Tissue-Adhesive Hydrogel Spray System for Live Cell Immobilization on Biological Surfaces.

Gelatin hydrogels are used as three-dimensional cell scaffolds and can be prepared using various methods. One widely accepted approach involves crosslinking gelatin amino groups with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modified with -hydroxysuccinimide ester (PEG-NHS). This method enables the encapsulation of live cells within the hydrogels and also facilitates the adhesion of the hydrogel to biological tissues by crosslinking their surface amino groups.

Runt-related Transcription Factors and Gene Regulatory Mechanisms in Skeletal Development and Diseases.

Purpose Of Review: Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) play critical roles in skeletal development, metabolism, and diseases. In mammals, three RUNX members, namely RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, play distinct and redundant roles, although RUNX2 is a dominant factor in skeletal development and several skeletal diseases. This review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of RUNX-mediated transcriptional regulation in different skeletal cell types.

A Disentangled VAE-BiLSTM Model for Heart Rate Anomaly Detection.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of death globally. According to the American Heart Association, approximately 19.1 million deaths were attributed to CVDs in 2020, in particular, ischemic heart disease and stroke.

Recent advances in micro-sized oxygen carriers inspired by red blood cells.

Supplementing sufficient oxygen to cells is always challenging in biomedical engineering fields such as tissue engineering. Originating from the concept of a 'blood substitute', nano-sized artificial oxygen carriers (AOCs) have been studied for a long time for the optimization of the oxygen supplementation and improvement of hypoxia environments and . When circulating in our bodies, micro-sized human red blood cells (hRBCs) feature a high oxygen capacity, a unique biconcave shape, biomechanical and rheological properties, and low frictional surfaces, making them efficient natural oxygen carriers.

PLAAT1 deficiency alleviates high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice.

The phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) family is composed of three isoforms in mice (PLAAT1, 3, and 5), all of which function as phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes exhibiting phospholipase A /A and acyltransferase activities. Plaat3-deficient (Plaat3 ) mice were previously reported to show lean phenotype and remarkable hepatic fat accumulation under high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, while Plaat1 mice have not been analyzed. In the present study, we generated Plaat1 mice and investigated the effects of PLAAT1 deficiency on HFD-induced obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance.

Singularity response reveals entrainment properties in mammalian circadian clock.

Entrainment is characterized by phase response curves (PRCs), which provide a summary of responses to perturbations at each circadian phase. The synchronization of mammalian circadian clocks is accomplished through the receipt of a variety of inputs from both internal and external time cues. A comprehensive comparison of PRCs for various stimuli in each tissue is required.

In situ-formable, dynamic crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) carrier for localized adeno-associated virus infection and reduced off-target effects.

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a potent vector for in vivo gene transduction and local therapeutic applications of AAVs, such as for skin ulcers, are expected. Localization of gene expression is important for the safety and efficiency of genetic therapies. We hypothesized that gene expression could be localized by designing biomaterials using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a carrier.

The Roles of sPLAs in Skin Homeostasis and Disease.

Among the phospholipase A (PLA) family, the secreted PLA (sPLA) family in mammals contains 11 members that exhibit unique tissue or cellular distributions and enzymatic properties. Current studies using knockout and/or transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLAs, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed the diverse pathophysiological roles of sPLAs in various biological events. Individual sPLAs exert specific functions within tissue microenvironments, likely through the hydrolysis of extracellular phospholipids.

Prospective applications of two-dimensional materials beyond laboratory frontiers: A review.

The development of nanotechnology has been advancing for decades and gained acceleration in the 21st century. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are widely available, giving them a wide range of material platforms for technological study and the advancement of atomic-level applications. The design and application of 2D materials are discussed in this review.

Mesolimbic dopamine release precedes actively sought aversive stimuli in mice.

In some models, animals approach aversive stimuli more than those housed in an enriched environment. Here, we found that male mice in an impoverished and unstimulating (i.e.

Cytosolic protein delivery using ultrasound-guided vaporization of perfluorocarbon nano-droplets.

Ultrasound-guided protein delivery is promising for site-specific control of cellular functions in the deep interior of the body in a noninvasive manner. Herein, we propose a method for cytosolic protein delivery based on ultrasound-guided intracellular vaporization of perfluorocarbon nano-droplets. The nano-droplets were conjugated with cargo proteins through a bio-reductively cleavable linker and introduced into living cells via antibody-mediated binding to a cell-surface receptor, which gets internalized through endocytosis.

The Role of Mammalian STK38 in DNA Damage Response and Targeting for Radio-Sensitization.

Protein kinases, found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, play essential roles in a multitude of cellular processes, including cell division, proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. STK38 is a member of the protein kinase A (PKA)/PKG/PKC family implicated in regulating cell division and morphogenesis in yeast and . However, its function remained largely unknown in mammals.

Modeling the marmoset brain using embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral assembloids.

Studying the non-human primate (NHP) brain is required for the translation of rodent research to humans, but remains a challenge for molecular, cellular, and circuit-level analyses in the NHP brain due to the lack of in vitro NHP brain system. Here, we report an in vitro NHP cerebral model using marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral assembloids (CAs) that recapitulate inhibitory neuron migration and cortical network activity. Cortical organoids (COs) and ganglionic eminence organoids (GEOs) were induced from cjESCs and fused to generate CAs.

The circadian clock in the piriform cortex intrinsically tunes daily changes of odor-evoked neural activity.

The daily activity in the brain is typically fine-tuned by the circadian clock in the local neurons as well as by the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. In the olfactory response, odor-evoked activity in the piriform cortex (PC) and olfactory behavior retain circadian rhythmicity in the absence of the SCN, yet how the circadian rhythm in the PC is achieved independently of the SCN remains elusive. Here, to define neurons regulating the circadian rhythm of the odor-evoked activity in the PC, we knocked out the clock gene Bmal1 in a host of specific neurons along the olfactory circuit.

Diurnal variation in declarative memory and the involvement of SCOP in cognitive functions in nonhuman primates.

Cognitive functions depend on the time of day in various organisms. Previously, we found that 24-h recognition memory performance of nocturnal mice changes diurnally through SCOP protein-dependent regulation. It remains unknown whether diurnal change and SCOP-dependent regulation of memory performance are conserved across species with diurnal/nocturnal habits.