Safety and Tolerability of CP101, a Full-Spectrum, Oral Microbiome Therapeutic for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background & Aims: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) remain common. While novel microbiome therapeutics gain approval, the efficacy of a full-spectrum, oral microbiome therapeutic is unknown. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of CP101, an orally administered microbiome therapeutic, to restore a diverse microbiome and prevent recurrent CDI in a broad population.

Bowel preparation after mid-gut tubing enhanced the efficacy and compliance of magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has become a routine intestinal imaging examination for Crohn's disease (CD). Sufficient bowel preparation is fundamental for MRE.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and compliance of bowel preparation between through a mid-gut tube and oral administration for MRE in CD.

Inhibition of PCSK9: A Promising Enhancer for Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint therapy, such as programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade, has achieved remarkable results in treating various tumors. However, most cancer patients show a low response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, especially those with microsatellite stable/mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancer subtypes, which indicates an urgent need for new approaches to augment the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Cholesterol metabolism, which involves generating multifunctional metabolites and essential membrane components, is also instrumental in tumor development.

Top 100 cited articles related to EUS: A bibliometric analysis.

Background And Objectives: Citation analysis is a fundamental method in bibliometrics for quantifying the impact and contribution of articles on a specific biomedical field. The purpose of our study was to identify and analyze the top 100 cited articles in the field of EUS.

Methods: All published articles in the field of EUS were searched by using "endoscopic ultrasound" and its synonyms as the search terms without time limit.

Novel ultrasound capsule endoscopy for gastrointestinal scanning: An animal study.

Background And Objectives: EUS is an important modality for diagnosis and assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial lesions. However, EUS is invasive and operator-dependent and requires sedation in most cases. The newly developed ultrasound capsule endoscopy (USCE) system, with both white-light and ultrasound imaging modalities, is a minimally invasive method for superficial and submucosal imaging of the esophagus.

New progress in HBV control and the cascade of health care for people living with HBV in China: evidence from the fourth national serological survey, 2020.

Background: Since 1992, when recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in China, government health officials have used nationally representative serological surveys to monitor progress in prevention and control of hepatitis B. In 2020, we conducted the fourth seroepidemiological survey, which for the first time included medical evaluation of the clinical status of HBsAg positive subjects over the age of 15 and their medical management. We report survey results in comparison with the three previous surveys.

Pericentriolar material 1 promotes intestinal inflammation in ulcerative colitis by activating NLRP3/gasdermin D-mediated macrophage pyroptosis.

Excessive proinflammatory cytokine release induced by pyroptosis plays a vital role in intestinal mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). Several pyroptosis-related factors are regulated by the centrosome. Pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) is a primary component of centriolar satellites that is present as cytoplasmic granules around the centrosome.

The trio of circadian clock, intestinal flora, and cancer.

Dysbiotic intestinal flora and a disrupted circadian clock are intimately related to cancer biological behaviors, yet their interwoven regulatory mechanisms remain an explorative field. Studies by Ren et al. and Liu et al.

Hepatocellular carcinoma-specific epigenetic checkpoints bidirectionally regulate the antitumor immunity of CD4 + T cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with significant global health implications. The role of CD4 T cells, particularly conventional CD4 T cells (Tconvs), in HCC progression remains unexplored. Furthermore, epigenetic factors are crucial in immune regulation, yet their specific role in HCC-infiltrating Tconv cells remains elusive.

Serum folate levels and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: results from a cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Evidence from observational studies on the association between folate and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is conflicting.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between serum folate concentration and MASLD and further assess the causal relationship using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: To investigate the causal relationship between serum folate and MASLD, we conducted a cross-sectional study that selected 1,117 participants from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Clinical performance of a particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) for detecting fecal calprotectin.

Particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) is a new measurement procedure for detecting fecal calprotectin (FC). We aimed to investigate the accuracy and clinical performance of PETIA for FC. We assessed the accuracy of PETIA for FC measurements through concordance analysis, Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as the reference.

Perioperative blood transfusions associated with reduced survival in gastroesophageal cancers - A Swedish population-based study.

Background: Blood transfusion has been associated with decreased long-term survival in cancer patients, possibly due to various immunological factors. We aimed to evaluate if perioperative transfusions decrease survival in patients who undergo resection for esophageal or gastric cancer and to identify factors associated with such events.

Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted based on the Swedish National Registry for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer, which prospectively collects clinical data of patients with these tumors.

Long-term results of induction chemotherapy for non-operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a single-centre experience.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical outcomes and toxicities of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) . CCRT alone in patients with non-operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Patients And Methods: Between 2008 and 2022, 271 ESCC patients who received definitive CCRT based on intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)/volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were enrolled.

A predictive machine-learning model for clinical decision-making in washed microbiota transplantation on ulcerative colitis.

Machine learning based on clinical data and treatment protocols for better clinical decision-making is a current research hotspot. This study aimed to build a machine learning model on washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) for ulcerative colitis (UC), providing patients and clinicians with a new evaluation system to optimize clinical decision-making. Patients with UC who underwent WMT via mid-gut or colonic delivery route at an affiliated hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April 2013 to June 2022 were recruited.

Clinical features and risk of multiple primary malignancies after endoscopic treatment in patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The incidence of multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) after early esophageal cancer is increasing. This study aimed to explore the clinical features of patients with MPMs and identify independent risk factors for the development of MPMs after endoscopic treatment in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.

Methods: Patients diagnosed as early ESCC at Beijing Friendship Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Developing Patient-Derived 3D-Bioprinting models of pancreatic cancer.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a challenging malignancy, and adjuvant chemotherapy is critical in improving patient survival post-surgery. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity of PC necessitates personalized treatment strategies, highlighting the need for reliable preclinical models.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop novel patient-derived preclinical PC models using three-dimensional bioprinting (3DP) technology.

Surveillance and management of hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment of hepatitis C with direct-acting antiviral drugs.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family, and is a single-stranded RNA virus with positive polarity. It is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The treatment of HCV has entered a new era with the advent of direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) and is associated with cure rates of more than 95 %, making HCV the only curable viral disease.