Problematic substance use in depressed adolescents: Prevalence and clinical correlates.

Background: Substance use among adolescents is common and associated with significant consequences, including depression. Adolescents can experience myriad problems related to early onset substance use and depression, making further understanding of this comorbidity necessary.

Method: Participants were a subset from a large-scale performance improvement project and consisted of adolescents aged 12-18 who screened positive for depression during their routine medical or psychiatric appointment and who then completed the substance use assessment Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble Version 2.

Treatment of Adolescent Depression: Comparison of Psychiatric and Pediatric Settings at an Academic Medical Center Using the VitalSign Application.

Similar outcomes and remission rates have been found for the treatment of depression in adults in primary and psychiatric care settings. However, comparatively little is known about how pediatric depression is managed across different settings. This study aims to address this gap by comparing depression treatment in pediatric and psychiatric settings.

Measurement-Based Care for Depression in Youth: Practical Considerations for Selecting Measures to Assess Depression, Associated Features and Functioning.

Identification and management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents remains a significant area of public health need. The process for identifying depression (e.g.

The clinical presentation of major depressive disorder in youth with co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in youth and among the most frequent comorbid disorders in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but it is unclear whether the presence of OCD affects the symptom presentation of MDD in youth.

Methods: A sample of youth with OCD and MDD (n = 124) and a sample of youth with MDD but no OCD (n = 673) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A). The overall and symptom-level presentation of MDD were examined using group comparisons and network analysis.

Brain ventricle and choroid plexus morphology as predictor of treatment response in major depression: Findings from the EMBARC study.

Recent observations suggest a role of the volume of the cerebral ventricle volume, corpus callosum (CC) segment volume, in particular that of the central-anterior part, and choroid plexus (CP) volume for treatment resistance of major depressive disorder (MDD). An increased CP volume has been associated with increased inflammatory activity and changes in the structure of the ventricles and corpus callosum. We attempt to replicate and confirm that these imaging markers are associated with clinical outcome in subjects from the EMBARC study, as implied by a recent pilot study.

Developing an Electroencephalography-Based Model for Predicting Response to Antidepressant Medication.

Importance: Untreated depression is a growing public health concern, with patients often facing a prolonged trial-and-error process in search of effective treatment. Developing a predictive model for treatment response in clinical practice remains challenging.

Objective: To establish a model based on electroencephalography (EEG) to predict response to 2 distinct selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications.

A standardized workflow for long-term longitudinal actigraphy data processing using one year of continuous actigraphy from the CAN-BIND Wellness Monitoring Study.

Monitoring sleep and activity through wearable devices such as wrist-worn actigraphs has the potential for long-term measurement in the individual's own environment. Long periods of data collection require a complex approach, including standardized pre-processing and data trimming, and robust algorithms to address non-wear and missing data. In this study, we used a data-driven approach to quality control, pre-processing and analysis of longitudinal actigraphy data collected over the course of 1 year in a sample of 95 participants.

Mood Disorders: The Gut Bacteriome and Beyond.

Knowledge of the microbiome-gut-brain axis has revolutionized the field of psychiatry. It is now well recognized that the gut bacteriome is associated with, and likely influences, the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. However, while substantial advances in the field of microbiome science have been made, we have likely only scratched the surface in our understanding of how these ecosystems might contribute to mental disorder pathophysiology.

Reward Behavior Disengagement, a Neuroeconomic Model-Based Objective Measure of Reward Pathology in Depression: Findings from the EMBARC Trial.

The probabilistic reward task (PRT) has identified reward learning impairments in those with major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as anhedonia-specific reward learning impairments. However, attempts to validate the anhedonia-specific impairments have produced inconsistent findings. Thus, we seek to determine whether the Reward Behavior Disengagement (RBD), our proposed economic augmentation of PRT, differs between MDD participants and controls, and whether there is a level at which RBD is high enough for depressed participants to be considered objectively disengaged.

The clinical, economic, and patient-centric burden of insomnia symptom severity in adults with major depressive disorder in the United States.

Introduction: Insomnia is prevalent in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is a key diagnostic criterion of MDD; however, little is understood about the burden of insomnia symptom severity in MDD. We evaluated the relationship between insomnia symptom severity and the clinical, economic, and patient-centric burden among community-dwelling individuals with MDD.

Methods: Respondents with diagnosed depression who reported insomnia symptoms in the past 12 months (N = 4402) were identified from the 2019 United States National Health and Wellness Survey.