Gut microbiome and serum metabolites in neuropathic pain: The PPARα perspective.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic disease state centred on neuroinflammation with a high prevalence and limited effective treatment options. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has emerged as a promising target for NP management due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Recent evidence highlights the critical role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in NP pathogenesis.

Cost-effectiveness of data driven personalised antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Purpose: This study provides an economic evaluation of bedside, data-driven, and model-informed precision dosing of antibiotics in comparison with usual care among critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Methods: This economic evaluation was conducted alongside an AutoKinetics randomized controlled trial. Effect measures included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), mortality and pharmacokinetic target attainment.

Electroacupuncture of ST36 and PC6 for postoperative gastrointestinal recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) at acupoints ST36 and/or PC6 for postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) recovery.

Method: Studies were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Airiti library databases from inception to January 23, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of EA at ST36 and/or PC6 on postoperative GI recovery were reviewed.

The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether the immunomodulatory drug thymosin α1 reduces mortality in adults with sepsis.

Design: Multicentre, double blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial.

Setting: 22 centres in China, September 2016 to December 2020.

Associations of daily step count with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive US adults: a cohort study from NHANES 2005-2006.

Background: The health benefits of physical activity, including walking, are well-established, but the relationship between daily step count and mortality in hypertensive populations remains underexplored. This study investigates the association between daily step count and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive American adults.

Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006, including 1,629 hypertensive participants with accelerometer-measured step counts.

MicroRNA biomarkers and host response pathways in severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome due to leptospirosis: A multi-omics study.

Background: Severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome (SPHS) remains a fatal complication of leptospirosis with poorly understood mechanisms and an urgent need for effective biomarkers.

Methods: A nested case-control analysis was conducted using blood specimens from two previous Thai leptospirosis cohorts. Candidate microRNAs were initially discovered through a global profiling of 798 serum microRNAs in five SPHS and seven non-SPHS patients, and then validated using real-time polymerase chain reactions in 168 patients.

The Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Disease in Critically Ill Children.

Background: Acute kidney disease (AKD) includes abnormalities of kidney function present for <90 days. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a subset of AKD, with onset within seven days. There is scant data on the rates of AKD in children and its association with outcomes.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab with chemotherapy for metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer in Taiwan.

This study was aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab with chemotherapy (pembrolizumab combination therapy) and compare it with standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy (chemotherapy alone) as a first-line treatment for metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC from the perspective of Taiwan's third-party-payer public health-care system. We used a partitioned survival model with an estimated time horizon of 10 years. The partitioned survival model uses Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free and overall survival from the KEYNOTE-189 clinical trial.

Essential role of sulfide oxidation in brain health and neurological disorders.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an environmental hazard well known for its neurotoxicity. In mammalian cells, HS is predominantly generated by transsulfuration pathway enzymes. In addition, HS produced by gut microbiome significantly contributes to the total sulfide burden in the body.

Survival Differences in Asian and Hispanic Patients With In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background: Although they are fast-growing populations in the United States, little is known about survival outcomes of Hispanic and Asian patients after in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods And Results: In Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation, we identified Asian, Hispanic, and White adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest during 2005 to 2023. Using multivariable models, we compared rates of survival to discharge separately for Asian and Hispanic patients versus White patients, as well as rates of sustained return of spontaneous circulation for ≥20 minutes and favorable neurologic survival as secondary outcomes.

Predictive validity of interleukin 6 (IL-6) for the mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients with the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in Vietnam: a single-centre, cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To investigate the serum IL-6 levels and their rate of change in predicting the mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Vietnam.

Design: A single-centre, cross-sectional study.

Setting: An Intensive Care Centre for the Treatment of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Intervention measures to improve the filter life of continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients-A systematic review.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a method of blood purification, which is widely used in the treatment of critical diseases as a means of multiple organ function protection and life support therapy. However, because of the serious condition of ICU (intensive care unit) patients, CRRT needs to be carried out continuously, but the treatment is interrupted ahead of time as a result of various conditions, which not only affects the treatment effect but also increases the patient cost.

Aims: To evaluate intervention measures to improve the filter life of CRRT in critically ill patients, and also to identify which interventions are considered 'promising interventions'.

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma-irradiated cysteine protects cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by preserving supersulfides.

Ischemic heart disease is the main global cause of death in the world. Abnormal sulfide catabolism, especially hydrogen sulfide accumulation, impedes mitochondrial respiration and worsens the prognosis after ischemic insults, but the substantial therapeutic strategy has not been established. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma irradiation therapy is attracted attention as it exerts beneficial effects by producing various reactive molecular species.

Ferroptosis of select skin epithelial cells initiates and maintains chronic systemic immune-mediated psoriatic disease.

Dysregulations of epithelial-immune interactions frequently culminate in chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Yet, the intraepithelial processes that initiate and perpetuate inflammation in these organs are poorly understood. Here, by utilizing redox lipidomics we identified ferroptosis-associated peroxidation of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines in the epithelia of patients with asthma, cystic fibrosis, psoriasis, and renal failure.

Accelerated biological aging and risk of atrial fibrillation: A cohort study.

Background: Even though aging has been demonstrated to be associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), it is unclear whether biological aging is associated with risk of incident AF.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between biological aging and AF.

Methods: A total of 371,882 participants without AF at baseline from the UK Biobank were included.

Based -evidence, an intervention study to improve sleep quality in awake adult ICU patients: a prospective, single-blind, clustered controlled trial.

Background: Evidence-based guidelines advocate promoting sleep in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, yet many patients experience poor sleep quality. We sought to develop a collaborative evidence-based intervention with healthcare providers and assess whether evidence-based sleep interventions could improve sleep quality in awake adult ICU patients.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, nonrandomized cluster control trial in two intensive care units (ICUs) at a tertiary general teaching hospital in China.

Optimizing fosfomycin dosing regimens in critically ill patients with and without continuous renal replacement therapy.

Purpose: To define the optimal fosfomycin dosing regimens for drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in critically ill patients and those receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) via Monte Carlo simulations.

Materials And Methods: A pharmacokinetic model for patients with and without CRRT was created to predict fosfomycin deposition in these patients. The pharmacodynamics (PD) targets were AUC/MIC ratio > 21.