ARID1A mutations protect follicular lymphoma from FAS-dependent immune surveillance by reducing RUNX3/ETS1-driven FAS-expression.

The cell death receptor FAS and its ligand (FASLG) play crucial roles in the selection of B cells during the germinal center (GC) reaction. Failure to eliminate potentially harmful B cells via FAS can lead to lymphoproliferation and the development of B cell malignancies. The classic form of follicular lymphoma (FL) is a prototypic GC-derived B cell malignancy, characterized by the t(14;18)(q32;q21)IGH::BCL2 translocation and overexpression of antiapoptotic BCL2.

Integrated cancer cell-specific single-cell RNA-seq datasets of immune checkpoint blockade-treated patients.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for the treatment of various cancers. Despite their success, the efficacy of these treatments is variable across patients and cancer types. Numerous single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies have been conducted to unravel cell-specific responses to ICB treatment.

Unveiling the guardians of the genome: The dynamic role of histones in DNA organization and disease.

Histones are positively charged proteins found in the chromatin of eukaryotic cells. They regulate gene expression and are required for the organization and packaging of DNA within the nucleus. Histones are extremely conserved, allowing for transcription, replication, and repair.

Adaptive Just-in-Time Intervention to Reduce Everyday Stress Responses: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Personalized approaches to behavior change to improve mental and physical health outcomes are needed. Reducing the intensity, duration, and frequency of stress responses is a mechanism for interventions to improve health behaviors. We developed an ambulatory, dynamic stress measurement approach that can identify personalized stress responses in the moments and contexts in which they occur; we propose that intervening in these stress responses as they arise (ie, just in time; JIT) will result in positive impacts on health behaviors.

Perspective: Data in personalized nutrition: Bridging biomedical, psycho-behavioral, and food environment approaches for population-wide impact.

Personalized Nutrition (PN) represents an approach aimed at delivering tailored dietary recommendations, products or services to support both prevention and treatment of nutrition-related conditions and improve individual health using genetic, phenotypic, medical, nutritional, and other pertinent information. However, current approaches have yielded limited scientific success in improving diets or in mitigating diet-related conditions. In addition, PN currently caters to a specific subgroup of the population rather than having a widespread impact on diet and health at a population level.

Pancreatic cancer cells infiltrate nerves through TGFbeta1-driven perineural epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transdifferentiation.

Neural invasion is a prognostic hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet the underlying mechanisms behind the disruption of perineural barriers and access of cancer cells into intrapancreatic nerves remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in perineural epithelial cells during neural invasion.Histopathological analysis of human and murine primary tumors using perineurium-specific GLUT1 antibody revealed a reduction in perineural integrity, which positively correlated with the extent of neural invasion in human PDAC cases.

Current practices and challenges of endoscopic-assisted breast surgery in China: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Endoscopy-assisted breast surgery is gaining popularity in the treatment of breast cancer owing to its minimally access nature. However, its application in Mainland China varies significantly across regions. We aimed to evaluate the current practices and challenges of endoscopy-assisted breast surgery in Mainland China using a nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing Colorectal Cancer Screening Management in China: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Timely screening is essential for reducing mortality, but implementing comprehensive programs in Chinese healthcare settings is challenging.

Objective: This study identifies barriers and facilitators to colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) in China and recommends effective implementation strategies.

Assessing and Enhancing Nutrition and Physical Activity Environments in Early Childhood Education and Care Centers: Scoping Review of eHealth Tools.

Background: Early childhood is a critical period for shaping lifelong health behaviors, making early childhood education and care (ECEC) environments ideal for implementing nutrition and physical activity interventions. eHealth tools are increasingly utilized in ECEC settings due to their accessibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, demonstrating promise in enhancing educators' practices. Despite the potential effectiveness of these eHealth approaches, a comprehensive collection of available evidence on eHealth tools designed to assess or support best practices for nutrition or physical activity in ECECs is currently lacking.

Intrinsic Solution to the Dilemma between High-Efficiency and External-Field-Free Spin-Orbit Torque Switching Based on Biaxial Devices.

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) is widely considered to be a fast and robust writing scheme for magnetic random-access memories (MRAMs). However, the requirements of field-free switching and high switching efficiency are often incompatible in SOT devices, placing a critical challenge on its improvement. Here we propose that by utilizing biaxial systems the dilemma between high-efficiency and external-field-free SOT switching can be solved intrinsically.

Can Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate be Effective in the Treatment of Levator Ani Syndrome?

Background/aims: Levator ani syndrome (LAS) is a pathology that is both difficult to diagnose and treat. The effectiveness of current treatments, which are mostly administered with special devices in advanced healthcare centers, is controversial. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of glyceryl trinitrate, which is easily accessible and can be applied by the patient, in the treatment of LAS.

Adult-Onset Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma of the Parotid Gland.

Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) is an extremely rare B-cell lymphoma that primarily affects children and young adults, typically in individuals under 25 years old, with a median age of 15 years. Here, we report a rare case of PTFL in a 27-year-old adult male who presented with a slow-growing mass near his left ear. Initial CT scans of the neck revealed two oval-shaped, smooth, well-defined, homogeneously enhancing soft tissue density lesions in the superficial lobe of the left parotid gland.

Same-Day Access for Head and Neck Cancer: Effect on Patient Outcome and Quality-Related Benchmarks.

Delays in cancer treatment are detrimental across nearly every disease site in oncology including head and neck cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of same-day access for patients with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer referred for radiation therapy consultation. From March 2021 to March 2023, a total of 50 consecutive patients who completed curative treatment were matched to a control subject who did not use the same-day initiative based on age, gender, histology, performance status, primary tumor site, stage, p16 status, treatment, and smoking history.

Estimating financial and health burden by initial Medicare plan choice and history of cancer.

Understanding the downstream consequences of initial Medicare plan selection is necessary to ensure access to and affordability of health care services, especially for older adults with serious illness. We used 2008-2020 data from the Health and Retirement Study to estimate financial and health burden by initial Medicare plan selection (traditional Medicare without supplemental coverage, traditional Medicare plus supplemental coverage, or Medicare Advantage) and self-reported history of cancer. Initially choosing benefits with greater financial protections (either traditional Medicare plus supplemental coverage or Medicare Advantage) relative to traditional Medicare without supplemental coverage was associated with lower levels of out-of-pocket spending and a lower likelihood of reporting cost-related medication nonadherence and fair or poor health.

Developing generic clinical trial animated explainer videos in the UK: results of a survey and case study.

Background: Animated short videos used to explain a concept or project are often called animated explainer videos (AEVs). AEVs can supplement or provide an alternative to participant information sheets as a means of giving information about clinical research to potential participants. Current use of AEVs tends to focus on the specifics of a particular trial, yet there are many common aspects of clinical research regardless of the interventions being investigated that can be poorly covered in current trial materials.

Facing migration under adverse conditions: challenges and resilience in the Colombo-Venezuelan border area.

Background: Internal displacement and cross-country migration are an increasing global phenomenon drawing the attention of politicians and the public. Causes and effects on the migrants and receptor populations are varied and often shaped by immigration laws and how migrants and refugees are being dealt with by local conditions, policy frameworks and by the host population (receptors). The massive influx of Venezuelan migrants into Colombia for more than a decade has characteristics which warrant a systematic analysis to identify contextual and individual factors favouring and hindering the well-being of migrants and their new Colombian neighbours of the receptor population.

Medication adherence and blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients: first follow-up findings from the PREDIcT-HTN study in Northern Bangladesh.

Introduction: Adherence to antihypertensive medication is crucial to control blood pressure (BP) and hypertension management outcomes. In Bangladesh, as in many other countries, poor adherence to medication represents a challenge to effective hypertension management. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and relationship between medication adherence and BP management among hypertensive patients in Bangladesh.

Current applications and challenges in large language models for patient care: a systematic review.

Background: The introduction of large language models (LLMs) into clinical practice promises to improve patient education and empowerment, thereby personalizing medical care and broadening access to medical knowledge. Despite the popularity of LLMs, there is a significant gap in systematized information on their use in patient care. Therefore, this systematic review aims to synthesize current applications and limitations of LLMs in patient care.

Peptide nucleic acid-immobilised paper combined with multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification for the ultrasensitive and rapid detection of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.

Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) is a critical issue with significant implications for patient care, public health, and TB control efforts that necessitate comprehensive strategies for detection. This study presents a novel point-of-care diagnostic tool for RR-TB detection employing a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-paper-based sensor combined with isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The sensor targets mutations in codons 516, 526, and 531 of the rpoB gene, the top three common mutations associated with rifampicin-resistant strains.

Comprehensive evaluation of pure and hybrid collaborative filtering in drug repurposing.

Drug development is known to be a costly and time-consuming process, which is prone to high failure rates. Drug repurposing allows drug discovery by reusing already approved compounds. The outcomes of past clinical trials can be used to predict novel drug-disease associations by leveraging drug- and disease-related similarities.

Assessment of blended learning palliative care educational programme in cancer treatment centres in India.

Objectives: The study evaluates the fifth cohort of the palliative care cancer treatment centres (CTC) educational programme in India with the aim of refining the course on the basis of participant feedback thereby improving palliative care services at cancer centres.

Methods: The intervention included participation in the CTC 5 teaching and training programme, which encompassed foundation course, refresher course, access to palliative care training modules, clinical training and mentorship under palliative care experts. The feedback was taken from all 57 participants (29 doctors and 28 nurses) of CTC 5 programme representing 14 hospitals across nine regions in India.

Exploring Mixed Reality for Patient Education in Cerebral Angiograms: A Pilot Study.

Background: Cerebral aneurysms (CAs) affect 3-5% of the general population, with saccular aneurysms being the most common type. Despite advances in treatment, patient understanding of CAs and associated procedures remains limited, impacting informed consent and treatment outcomes.

Objectives: This pilot study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed reality (MR) technology in enhancing patient education and understanding of cerebral angiograms and aneurysm treatment, thereby improving the patient-surgeon communication process.

Barriers to the Management of Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.

Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare genetic condition that requires lifelong management from birth. Individuals with CAH and their families often face structural barriers to obtaining comprehensive care and treatment, including limited access to appropriate newborn screening, comprehensive care centers, and medications. Social and cultural barriers to care may include stigmatization, discrimination, and adverse medical experiences.