Endpoints and outcomes for localized scleroderma/morphea: a scoping literature review.

Background: Current treatment for localized scleroderma (LS) has been shown to halt disease activity, but little is still known about patient experiences with these treatments, nor is there consensus about optimal measurement strategies for future clinical trials.

Objective: Conduct a scoping review of the literature for the types of outcomes and measures (i.e.

Misunderstood terms and concepts identified through user testing of educational materials for fragile X premutation: "Not weak or fragile?".

Complicated genetic mechanisms and unpredictable health risks associated with the FMR1 premutation can result in challenges for patient education when the diagnosis is made in a newborn. From October 15, 2018, to December 10, 2021, North Carolina parents could obtain FMR1 premutation results about their newborns through a voluntary expanded newborn screening research study. The study provided confirmatory testing, parental testing, and genetic counseling.

Engagement marketing for social good: Application to the Research Program.

Engagement marketing, when applied to increasing the social good, involves making a deliberate effort to engage communities with an organization's brand that might not have otherwise happened organically. Organizations that typically focus on increasing the social good include non-profits, community organizations, public health departments, and federal, state, and local agencies. Engagement marketing builds relationships, gives a voice to, and fosters collaboration with community members to transform their insights into impactful experiences that motivate and empower them to act to increase the social good.

Implied Claims in Drug Advertising: A Review of Recent Literature and Regulatory Actions.

Federal agencies and self-regulatory bodies help to ensure prescription and nonprescription drug promotion contains accurate information; however, false or misleading claims may cause people to have inaccurate perceptions of a drug and inhibit their ability to make informed decisions. We conducted a systematic review assessing evidence from 2012-2021 on how consumers and healthcare providers (HCPs) interpret claims made indirectly or through inference (implied or implicit claims) as well as synthesizing prescription and nonprescription drug advertising claims that have been the subject of regulatory actions from 2017-2021. Our search identified 16 studies from the peer-reviewed literature and 26 letters or case reports issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or National Advertising Division (NAD).

Relationships Between Stress-Responsive Biomarkers, ART Adherence, and Viral Suppression Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Living With HIV in South Africa: An HPTN 068 Analysis.

Background: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living with HIV who have higher stress levels may be at risk of stress-related biological alterations, which could influence HIV progression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Setting: We aimed to estimate associations among stress-responsive biomarkers, ART adherence, and viral suppression in AGYW living with HIV in South Africa. We also hypothesized that psychosocial stressors [eg, depression, food insecurity, low socioeconomic status (SES), and HSV-2] would be associated with higher biomarker levels.

Perceptions of sugar-sweetened beverages among adolescents in North Carolina.

Introduction: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among adolescents contributes to diet-related chronic disease including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and poor oral health.

Objective: To better understand adolescents' perceptions, attitudes, and consumption behaviors around SSBs by conducting virtual workshop discussions with adolescents in NC.

Materials And Methods: Adolescents ages 11-17 in communities with a high proportion of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligible households were selected to participate in a series of virtual group workshops during summer 2021.

Health Misinformation Exposure and Health Disparities: Observations and Opportunities.

The concepts of health misinformation and health disparities have been prominent in public health literature in recent years, in part because of the threat that each notion poses to public health. How exactly are misinformation proliferation and health disparities related, however? What roles might misinformation play in explaining the health disparities that we have documented in the United States and elsewhere? How might we mitigate the effects of misinformation exposure among people facing relatively poor health outcomes? In this review, we address such questions by first defining health disparities and misinformation as concepts and then considering how misinformation exposure might theoretically affect health decision-making and account for disparate health behavior and health outcomes. We alsoassess the potential for misinformation-focused interventions to address health disparities based on available literature and call for future research to address gaps in our current evidence base.

Workplace violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: March-October, 2020, United States.

Problem: COVID-19 has impacted United States workers and workplaces in multiple ways including workplace violence events (WVEs). This analysis scanned online media sources to identify and describe the characteristics of WVEs related to COVID-19 occurring in the United States during the early phases of the pandemic.

Method: Publicly available online media reports were searched for COVID-19-related WVEs during March 1-October 31, 2020.

"He Will Not Leave Us Alone and I Need the Courts to Help": Defendants' Use of Nonphysical Violence in Domestic Violence Protective Order Cases.

District court judges who make final determinations in domestic violence protective order (DVPO) cases in North Carolina indicate often using heuristics, such as the presence of visible injury, to guide their assessment of violence severity. This approach is concerning as it minimizes nonphysical intimate partner violence. We conducted a thematic analysis of DVPO plaintiff complaints to identify the types of nonphysical vioence described and its effects on plaintiff health outcomes.

Patient Perceptions of Switching to a Generic Dry Powder Inhaler - Increased Understanding Through Journey Mapping.

Purpose: This qualitative study explored patients' attitudes about and perceptions of generic dry powder inhaler (DPI) substitution for the brand product and patients' views of generic product quality, efficacy, design, and usability.

Methods: Forty COPD and asthma patients (36 adults, four adolescents), who were actively using a brand DPI product, participated in one of six focus groups. Participants completed a journey mapping exercise to assess attitudes and opinions about a scenario where they refill their prescription and unexpectedly receive a generic DPI instead of their brand DPI.

Understanding US Physician and Pharmacist Attitudes Toward Biosimilar Products: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Biosimilars account for 30-40% of biologic medications dispensed in the United States (US), yet healthcare providers in relevant medical specialties have limited awareness of biosimilars and their characteristics. Likewise, many providers perceive biosimilars as less safe and effective than original biologics and are more comfortable prescribing original biologics to patients.

Methods: We conducted in-person focus groups at three clinical sites in California and Texas (n = 49) to explore the reasons behind US healthcare providers' limited understanding of, cautious attitudes toward, and reluctance to prescribe biosimilars.

Partnership Dynamics and HIV-Related Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescent Mothers in South Africa: A Longitudinal Analysis of HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 Data.

Purpose: In South Africa, adolescent mothers have a three times higher risk of HIV acquisition than nonadolescent mothers. Yet, limited evidence exists regarding how early childbearing may affect HIV risk. A better understanding of adolescent mothers' partnership dynamics and sexual behaviors is critical to tailoring interventions to prevent new infections.

Opioid-Related Public Health Communication Campaigns: An Environmental Scan.

The opioid overdose epidemic continues to devastate lives across the United States and has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we review 166 online-accessible opioid-related campaigns to understand the current state of the science and practice of campaigns to address the opioid crisis. The findings suggest that health promotion practitioners can have a greater impact on reducing overdose deaths if they move beyond awareness-raising messaging about opioid misuse and place a greater emphasis on driving demand for evidence-based treatments such as medications for opioid use disorder and on reducing stigma related to treatment and recovery.

Narratives of prevention and redemption in opioid overdose obituaries.

Obituaries of people who died from an opioid overdose represent a new territory for understanding cultural narratives of the US opioid epidemic. Drawing on textual analysis of 30 opioid overdose obituaries published on Legacy.com between 2015 and 2020, we describe a prototypical narrative conveyed through opioid overdose obituaries, which renders symbolic meaning through the voices of the bereaved.

Lessons Learned From Conducting Community-Based Research on HIV Prevention With Youth During COVID-19.

Mitigating HIV burden among Black youth requires true community engagement. This brief report identifies challenges, strategies, and lessons learned from transitioning our three-phased, community-engaged HIV prevention project with Black youth to a remote format during COVID-19. The project involved (1) building a community-academic partnership on youth sexual health, (2) participatory youth workshops, and (3) youth surveys and interviews about HIV prevention.

Examining Information Needs of Heart Failure Patients and Family Companions Using a Previsit Question Prompt List and Audiotaped Data: Findings From a Pilot Study.

Background: Question prompt lists (QPLs) are an effective tool for improving communication during medical visits. However, no studies have attempted to correlate intentions related to question asking and actual questions asked during visits. Moreover, few studies have used QPLs with patients with heart failure (HF) or family companions who accompany them to visits.

Alcohol and Cancer: Existing Knowledge and Evidence Gaps across the Cancer Continuum.

Alcoholic beverages are carcinogenic to humans. Globally, an estimated 4.1% of new cancer cases in 2020 were attributable to alcoholic beverages.

Perceptions of Health Care, Information, and Social Support Among Women Affected by Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy in Two U.S. States.

Objectives: To understand the information needs and experiences with health care and social support among women with confirmed or possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 18 women whose pregnancies were part of surveillance efforts in two states, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Using a semi-structured guide available in English and Spanish, we asked women about their experiences.

Effects of Early Social Bonds on Adolescent Trajectories of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among South African Girls.

The goal of this manuscript is to advance HIV risk behavior prevention efforts for South African adolescent girls by identifying distinct trajectory patterns across multiple behavioral domains for adolescent and young adults. We draw from a sample of N = 1070 adolescent girls from South Africa who were between the ages of 13-15 at baseline. Participants were followed across 6 waves of data collection between 2011 and 2019.

Contraceptive Conversations among Adolescent Girls and Young Women and Their Partners, Peers, and Older Female Family Members in Lilongwe, Malawi: A QualitativeAnalysis.

In sub-Saharan Africa, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) have high levels of unmet need for contraception, particularly those who are unmarried or nulliparous. Conversations with partners, peers, and family members influence AGYW contraceptive decision-making yet little is known about conversation content and impact or how they vary by relationship status and parity. This paper draws on qualitative data from 60 AGYW (aged 15-24) participating in a sexual and reproductive health study in Malawi to examine contraceptive conversation patterns among participants and their social ties.

Problem-solving therapy-induced amygdala engagement mediates lifestyle behavior change in obesity with comorbid depression: a randomized proof-of-mechanism trial.

Background: Depression hinders obesity treatment; elucidating mechanisms may enable treatment enhancements.

Objectives: The aim was to investigate whether changes in neural targets in the negative affect circuit following psychotherapy mediate subsequent changes in weight and behaviors.

Methods: Adults (n = 108) with obesity and depression were randomly assigned to usual care or an intervention that delivered problem-solving therapy (PST) for depression over 2 mo.

Detecting and Reporting Deceptive Prescription Drug Promotion: Differences Across Consumer and Physician Audiences and by Number and Type of Deceptive Claims and Tactics.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Bad Ad program provides an avenue for healthcare providers to report false or misleading prescription drug promotion.

Challenges of and Solutions for Developing Tailored Video Interventions That Integrate Multiple Digital Assets to Promote Engagement and Improve Health Outcomes: Tutorial.

Background: Video is a versatile and popular medium for digital health interventions. As mobile device and app technology advances, it is likely that video-based interventions will become increasingly common. Although clinic waiting rooms are complex and busy environments, they offer the opportunity to facilitate engagement with video-based digital interventions as patients wait to see their providers.