A corpus of Chinese word segmentation agreement.

The absence of explicit word boundaries is a distinctive characteristic of Chinese script, setting it apart from most alphabetic scripts, leading to word boundary disagreement among readers. Previous studies have examined how this feature may influence reading performance. However, further investigations are required to generate more ecologically valid and generalizable findings.

An ideal compressed mask for increasing speech intelligibility without sacrificing environmental sound recognitiona).

Hearing impairment is often characterized by poor speech-in-noise recognition. State-of-the-art laboratory-based noise-reduction technology can eliminate background sounds from a corrupted speech signal and improve intelligibility, but it can also hinder environmental sound recognition (ESR), which is essential for personal independence and safety. This paper presents a time-frequency mask, the ideal compressed mask (ICM), that aims to provide listeners with improved speech intelligibility without substantially reducing ESR.

Leveraging laryngograph data for robust voicing detection in speech.

Accurately detecting voiced intervals in speech signals is a critical step in pitch tracking and has numerous applications. While conventional signal processing methods and deep learning algorithms have been proposed for this task, their need to fine-tune threshold parameters for different datasets and limited generalization restrict their utility in real-world applications. To address these challenges, this study proposes a supervised voicing detection model that leverages recorded laryngograph data.

Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Sleep and Neurological Disorder Therapy: A Path to Clinical Translation.

Ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising noninvasive technique capable of penetrating the skull and precisely targeting deep brain regions with millimeter accuracy. Recent studies have demonstrated that transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) of sleep-related brain areas can induce sleep in mice and even trigger a reversible, hibernation-like state without causing damage. Beyond its utility in preclinical models of central nervous system diseases, such as epilepsy, tremors, Alzheimer's disease, and depression, TUS holds significant potential for clinical translation.

Multimodal investigation of dynamic brain network alterations in autism spectrum disorder: Linking connectivity dynamics to symptoms and developmental trajectories.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with disrupted brain connectivity, yet a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic neural underpinnings remains lacking. This study employed concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) techniques to investigate dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) patterns and neurovascular characteristics in children with ASD. We also explored associations between neurovascular characteristics and the developmental trajectory of adaptive behavior in individuals with ASD.

Printing words in alternating colors facilitates eye movements among young and older Chinese adults.

It is well known that the Chinese writing system lacks visual cues for word boundaries, such as interword spaces. However, characters must be grouped into words or phrases for understanding, and the lack of interword spaces can cause certain ambiguity. In the current study, young and older Chinese adults' eye movements were recorded during their reading of naturally unspaced sentences, where consecutive words or nonwords were printed using alternating colors.

Move more today, sleep better tonight? Daily associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior with sleep among young adults with and without insomnia symptoms.

Objective: At the between-person level, it is well-documented that individuals with more physical activity (PA) and less sedentary behavior (SB) tend to have better sleep outcomes than their peers. However, the associations at the within-person level remain unclear. This study investigated the daily associations between PA and SB with nighttime sleep among young adults with and without insomnia symptoms.

Deep learning-based multi-frequency denoising for myocardial perfusion SPECT.

Background: Deep learning (DL)-based denoising has been proven to improve image quality and quantitation accuracy of low dose (LD) SPECT. However, conventional DL-based methods used SPECT images with mixed frequency components. This work aims to develop an integrated multi-frequency denoising network to further enhance LD myocardial perfusion (MP) SPECT denoising.

The Regulation of Cerebral Lymphatic Drainage in the Transverse Sinus Region of the Mouse Brain.

Cerebral lymphatic drainage is an important pathway for metabolic waste clearance in the brain, which plays a crucial role in the progression of central nervous system diseases. Recent studies have shown that norepinephrine (NE) is involved in the regulation of cerebral lymphatic drainage function, but the modulation mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we confirmed that NE rapidly reduced glymphatic influx and enhanced meningeal lymphatic clearance.

A promising approach for quantifying focal stroke modeling and assessing stroke progression: optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy photothrombosis.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202507000-00025/figure1/v/2024-09-09T124005Z/r/image-tiff To investigate the mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of ischemic stroke, some methods have been proposed that can simultaneously monitor and create embolisms in the animal cerebral cortex. However, these methods often require complex systems and the effect of age on cerebral embolism has not been adequately studied, although ischemic stroke is strongly age-related.

Effect of Antidepressant Treatment on 5-HT Receptor Binding and Associations With Clinical Outcomes and Verbal Memory in Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Brain serotonin 4 receptor (5-HTR) levels are lower in untreated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and are linked to verbal memory. Here, we investigated the relationship between 5-HTR levels, clinical outcomes, and cognitive function in patients with MDD who initiated selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug treatment.

Methods: Ninety patients with moderate to severe depression underwent molecular brain imaging to measure 5-HTR binding prior to antidepressant treatment with escitalopram.

Scent-driven Selective Attention on Gambling Outcome: Implications for Responsible Gambling.

Many casinos diffuse a pleasant ambient scent into their facilities as a customer experience management practice, but the ethics of this scenting process is questionable. Although the effect of a pleasant scent on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses has been well-documented, its effect on attention during gambling has yet to be explored. Grounded in the tenets of the top-down control of attention and cross-modal correspondence between vision and olfaction, we conduct two eye-tracking experiments that involve different electronic casino games including video slots and live Cussec.

Radiomics incorporating deep features for predicting Parkinson's disease in I-Ioflupane SPECT.

Purpose: I-Ioflupane SPECT is an effective tool for the diagnosis and progression assessment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Radiomics and deep learning (DL) can be used to track and analyze the underlying image texture and features to predict the Hoehn-Yahr stages (HYS) of PD. In this study, we aim to predict HYS at year 0 and year 4 after the first diagnosis with combined imaging, radiomics and DL-based features using I-Ioflupane SPECT images at year 0.

PET/CT-Based Absorbed Dose Maps in Y Selective Internal Radiation Therapy Correlate with Spatial Changes in Liver Function Derived from Dynamic MRI.

Functional liver parenchyma can be damaged from treatment of liver malignancies with Y selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT). Evaluating functional parenchymal changes and developing an absorbed dose (AD)-toxicity model can assist the clinical management of patients receiving SIRT. We aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between Y PET AD voxel maps and spatial changes in the nontumoral liver (NTL) function derived from dynamic gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI before and after SIRT.

Limb-related sensory prediction errors and task-related performance errors facilitate human sensorimotor learning through separate mechanisms.

The unpredictable nature of our world can introduce a variety of errors in our actions, including sensory prediction errors (SPEs) and task performance errors (TPEs). SPEs arise when our existing internal models of limb-environment properties and interactions become miscalibrated due to changes in the environment, while TPEs occur when environmental perturbations hinder achievement of task goals. The precise mechanisms employed by the sensorimotor system to learn from such limb- and task-related errors and improve future performance are not comprehensively understood.

Longitudinal Changes in Functional Neural Activation and Sensitization During Face Processing in Fragile X Syndrome.

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic condition associated with increased risk for social anxiety and avoidance. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we previously demonstrated aberrant neural activity responding to faces in young girls with FXS cross-sectionally. Here, we tested the hypothesis that abnormalities in neural activation and sensitization would increase with age in 65 girls with FXS (ages 6-16 years) relative to an age-matched control group of 52 girls who had comparable cognitive function and clinical symptoms.

Childhood exposure to organophosphate pesticides: Functional connectivity and working memory in adolescents.

Background: Early life exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is linked with adverse neurodevelopment and brain function in children. However, we have limited knowledge of how these exposures affect functional connectivity, a measure of interaction between brain regions. To address this gap, we examined the association between early life OP pesticide exposure and functional connectivity in adolescents.

Associations between brain network, puberty, and behaviors in boys with Klinefelter syndrome.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also referred to as XXY syndrome, is a significant but inadequately studied risk factor for neuropsychiatric disability. Whether alterations in functional brain connectivity or pubertal delays are associated with aberrant cognitive-behavioral outcomes in individuals with KS is largely unknown. In this observational study, we investigated KS-related alterations in the resting-state brain network, testosterone level, and cognitive-behavioral impairment in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome.

Identifying patterns of multidimensional self-compassion in Chinese young adults: implications for longitudinal mental health outcomes during the pandemic.

Background: Self-compassion (SC), reflecting self-attitude and self-connectedness, has proven to be a modifiable factor in promoting mental health outcomes. Increasingly, SC is recognized as a multidimensional construct consisting of six dimensions, rather than a single dimension.

Objectives: First, this study adopted a person-centered approach to explore profiles of SC dimensions in Chinese young adults.

Modality-specific impacts of distractors on visual and auditory categorical decision-making: an evidence accumulation perspective.

Our brain constantly processes multisensory inputs to make decisions and guide behaviors, but how goal-relevant processes are influenced by irrelevant information is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of intermodal and intramodal task-irrelevant information on visual and auditory categorical decision-making. In both visual and auditory tasks, we manipulated the modality of irrelevant inputs (visual vs.

An NIR-II-emitting type-I photosensitizer for efficient hypoxic tumor phototheranostics.

A small molecule-based NIR-II type-I photosensitizer (IT-IC) with a strong push-pull effect and good planar π-conjugated structure was synthesized. The IT-IC NPs exhibited strong light absorption, outstanding NIR-II fluorescence emission, excellent photothermal conversion and efficient type-I/II ROS generation, showing encouraging therapeutic outcomes for hypoxic tumors.

A lateralized motor network in order to understand adaptation to visuomotor rotation.

The functional asymmetry between the two brain hemispheres in language and spatial processing is well documented. However, a description of difference in control between the two hemispheres in motor function is not well established. Our primary objective in this study was to examine the distribution of control in the motor hierarchy and its variation across hemispheres.

Distinct and common mechanisms of cross-model semantic conflict and response conflict in an auditory relevant task.

The mechanisms of semantic conflict and response conflict in the Stroop task have mainly been investigated in the visual modality. However, the understanding of these mechanisms in cross-modal modalities remains limited. In this electroencephalography (EEG) study, an audiovisual 2-1 mapping Stroop task was utilized to investigate whether distinct and/or common neural mechanisms underlie cross-modal semantic conflict and response conflict.