Vehicular traffic density and cognitive performance in the ELSA-Brasil study.

Background: Despite the knowledge about the deleterious effects of air pollutants and their influence on mortality and morbidity due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, little is known about the relationship between atmospheric pollutants and neurological diseases. Recently, studies from high-income countries have suggested an association between exposures to air pollutants with cognitive impairment. Thus, we investigated the association of air pollution with cognitive performance in the participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Cardiac Computed Tomography for Personalized Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus are increasing in the United States and worldwide. The individual-level risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events in primary prevention populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly heterogeneous. Accurate risk stratification in this group is paramount to optimize the use of preventive therapies.

Insulin resistance may be misdiagnosed by HOMA-IR in adults with greater fat-free mass: the ELSA-Brasil Study.

Aims: Conflicting results have been reported on the association of fat-free mass (FFM) and insulin resistance (IR). This study sought to test the association of FFM and IR by indexing FFM to avoid collinearity with fat mass.

Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 11,284 volunteers, aged 38-79 years.

Predictors of coronary artery calcium incidence and progression: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background And Aims: There are limited data on serial coronary artery calcium (CAC) assessments outside North American and European populations. We sought to investigate risk factors for CAC incidence and progression in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods: We included individuals with no prior cardiovascular disease and two CAC measurements in ELSA-Brasil.

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.

Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation.

Systemic Solutions for Addressing Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been on the rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) over the last few decades and represent a significant healthcare concern. Over 85% of "premature" deaths worldwide due to NCDs occur in the LMICs. NCDs are an economic burden on these countries, increasing their healthcare expenditure.

Diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism on heart rate variability.

Background: We aimed to analyse if the effects of coexistent diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism extend to the cardio autonomic nervous system, using heart rate variability baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Materials And Methods: Heart rate variability analyses were performed by linear time and frequency domains in 5-minute time series collected in the supine position. The associations of diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism with the lowest quartile group for heart rate and the highest quartile group for each heart rate variability parameter were analysed using additive and multiplicative terms in logistic models.

The association of waist-to-height ratio and other anthropometric measurements with subclinical atherosclerosis: Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background And Aims: To compare the performance of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and Body-mass index (BMI) with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods And Results: The association of quintiles of anthropometric variables (1st as reference) - Odds ratio (OR); 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) - with Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC: 0 vs. >0; <100 vs.

Coffee consumption and risk of hypertension: A prospective analysis in the cohort study.

Background: Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages around the world. Dietary habits, specifically, coffee consumption has long been a suspected cause of hypertension. However, previous findings on coffee consumption and its association with the incidence of hypertension are not homogeneous and still inconsistent.

The contribution of the systolic and diastolic components for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension under the 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline and metabolic heterogeneity among individuals with Stage 1 hypertension.

Little is known about the impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline on the distribution pattern of hypertension modalities (isolated systolic hypertension [ISH], isolated diastolic hypertension [IDH], and systolic-diastolic hypertension [SDH]). This cross-sectional study had the following objectives: to compare the prevalence of hypertension, ISH, IDH, and SDH, according to the definitions of the JNC 7 or the 2017 guideline; to determine the relative contribution of the systolic and the diastolic components for the diagnosis of hypertension; and to compare the metabolic profile of ISH, IDH, or SDH among new hypertensive individuals by the 2017 guideline. The authors retrospectively evaluated 33 594 patients (42 ± 10 years, 67% male) who underwent a routine health evaluation.

Does physical activity influence the association between depressive symptoms and low-grade inflammation in adults? A study of 8,048 adults.

This study investigated whether physical activity (PA) influences the association between depression risk and low-grade inflammation. This was a cross-sectional study including 8,048 adults (18-59y). Depression symptoms were evaluated with the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and physical activity through the international physical activity questionnaire.

Impact of metabolically healthy obesity on carotid intima-media thickness - The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Background And Aims: Obesity increases the risk of metabolic abnormalities, which contributes to elevated cardiovascular risk. However, the independent role of obesity in the development of cardiovascular disease is still debatable. There are individuals with an obesity phenotype without metabolic abnormalities: "metabolically healthy obesity" (MHO).

Prospective associations between hsCRP and GlycA inflammatory biomarkers and depression: The Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background: Although low-grade inflammation is associated with onset and persistence of depression, most biomarkers display modest predictive effects. GlycA (glycoprotein acetylation) is a unique metabolomic composite of pro-inflammatory acute-phase glycoproteins. We hypothesized that GlycA levels would predict depression incidence, remission and persistence, with higher accuracy than high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Validating the Framingham Hypertension Risk Score: A 4-year follow-up from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of the Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

The Framingham Heart Study published an equation that permits to estimate the 4-year incidence of hypertension among adults. In Brazil, only the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) of 15 105 men and women aged 35-74 years enrolled in 2008-2010 has data that can validate the Framingham Risk Score for Hypertension and create a new equation according to the Brazilian population. We examined the predictive performance of the Framingham Risk Score for Hypertension in the ELSA-Brasil using as an outcome variable, the 4-year incidence of hypertension.

Association Between Posterior Segment Eye Diseases, Common Mental Disorders, and Depression: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health Cohort.

Background: Posterior segment eye diseases, such as glaucoma and retinal diseases (such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal detachment), are chronic diseases that are among the major causes of visual impairment.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and common mental disorders in these patients and also the incidence of depression.

Methods: We examined baseline (2008-2010) and follow-up (2012-2014) data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Biomarkers for prediction of mortality in left-sided infective endocarditis.

Background: Evidence regarding biomarkers for risk prediction in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) is limited. We aimed to investigate the value of a panel of biomarkers for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with IE.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2018, consecutive IE patients admitted to the emergency department were prospectively included.

Thyroid Function and Sarcopenia: Results from the ELSA-Brasil Study.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association of subclinical thyroid disease and thyroid hormone levels with sarcopenia and its defining components in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults without overt thyroid dysfunction.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Active and retired employees from public institutions located in six Brazilian cities.

Relationship between TSH Levels and the Advanced Lipoprotein Profile in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

The relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lipoprotein subfractions by Vertical Auto Profile (VAP) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate lipoprotein profiles according to TSH levels in euthyroid individuals.: Cross-sectional analysis of 3,525 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) with no previous thyroid disease and who were not on lipid-lowering medication.

Relationship between heart rate variability and carotid intima-media thickness in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health - ELSA-Brasil.

Background: Both increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and low heart rate variability (HRV) have been associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether cardio autonomic alterations are accompanied or not by subclinical atherosclerosis in participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods: cIMT measures and 5-min HRV analyses were performed in apparently healthy adults.

Socio-demographic and psychiatric risk factors in incident and persistent depression: An analysis in the occupational cohort of ELSA-Brasil.

Background: Depression is a main source of disability worldwide. Identifying risk factors associated with incident and persistent episodes could inform clinical practice and hence mitigate their burden. However, previous research has focused on populations from developed countries.