Health care professionals' perceptions about atrial fibrillation care in the Brazilian public primary care system: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) negatively impacts health systems worldwide. We aimed to capture perceptions of and barriers and facilitators for AF care in Brazilian primary care units (PCUs) from the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods: This mixed-methods, cross-sectional study utilised an exploratory sequential design, beginning with the quantitative data collection (up to 18 closed questions) immediately followed by a semi-structured interview.

Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Cognitive Decline.

Importance: Although consumption of ultraprocessed food has been linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, little is known about the association of consumption of ultraprocessed foods with cognitive decline.

Objective: To investigate the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and cognitive decline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a multicenter, prospective cohort study with 3 waves, approximately 4 years apart, from 2008 to 2017.

Dietary patterns and subclinical atherosclerosis incidence and progression: Results from ELSA-Brasil.

Background And Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of disease burden worldwide. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) score is a subclinical atherosclerosis marker able to predict the risk of CVD in asymptomatic patients, and few studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns (DP) and CAC score prospectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the association between baseline DP and CAC score incidence and progression on the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Global Trends in the Epidemiology and Management of Dyslipidemia.

Dyslipidemia, especially a circulating non-optimal level of cholesterol, is one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which accounts for the most deaths worldwide. Maintaining a healthy level of blood cholesterol is an important prevention strategy for ASCVD, through lifestyle intervention or cholesterol-lowering therapy. Over the past three decades, the epidemiology and management of dyslipidemia has changed greatly in many countries.

What is the efficacy of aerobic exercise versus strength training in the treatment of migraine? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Background: Multiple clinical trials with different exercise protocols have demonstrated efficacy in the management of migraine. However, there is no head-to-head comparison of efficacy between the different exercise interventions.

Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed involving all clinical trials which determined the efficacy of exercise interventions in reducing the frequency of monthly migraine.

Interpersonal psychotherapy for treatment of obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Social and interpersonal context are associated with the onset and persistence of psychiatric disorders. We compared the effects of short-term interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) on weight loss, binge eating behaviors, and depressive symptoms against cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), health education (HE), and behavioral weight loss (BWL).

Methods: We searched until May 28th, 2022 following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus.

Sex-specific performance of the ASCVD pooled cohort equation risk calculator as a correlate of coronary artery calcium in Kampala, Uganda.

Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising in Sub-Saharan Africa, but it is not known whether current risk assessment tools predict coronary atherosclerosis in the region. Furthermore, sex-specific performance and interaction with HIV serostatus has not been well studied.

Methods: This cross-sectional study compared ASCVD risk scores and detectable coronary artery calcium (CAC>0) by sex in Kampala, Uganda (n = 200).

The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been shown to disrupt many organ systems in the human body. Though several medical disorders have been affected by this infection, a few illnesses in addition may also play a role in determining the outcome of COVID-19. Obesity is one such disease which is not only affected by the occurrence of COVID-19 but can also result in a worse clinical outcome of COVID-19 infection.

Physical activity pattern and migraine according to aura symptoms in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To estimate the associations of physical activity (PA) levels with migraine subtypes.

Background: Physical activity has been associated with reduced migraine prevalence, but less is known about its relationship with migraine subtypes and PA levels as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), we estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO), compared to participants without headaches, according to PA levels in the leisure time (LTPA), commuting time (CPA), and combined PA domains.

Cardiovascular medications and long-term mortality among stroke survivors in the Brazilian Study of Stroke Mortality and Morbidity (EMMA).

Aim: To investigate the association between medication use and long-term all-cause mortality in a Brazilian stroke cohort.

Methods: Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were evaluated. Medication use was assessed as: never, only pre-stroke, only post-stroke, and continuous use.

Association between coffee consumption with serum lipid profile in ELSA-Brasil study: a metabolomic approach.

Purpose: This study evaluated the association between coffee consumption and serum lipid profile in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on baseline data from participants of the cohort ELSA-Brasil. Only participants of São Paulo Research Center who underwent a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy examination of lipid profile were included (N = 4736).

The Relationship between COVID-19 and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: A Large Spectrum from Glucocorticoid Insufficiency to Excess-The CAPISCO International Expert Panel.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly heterogeneous disease regarding severity, vulnerability to infection due to comorbidities, and treatment approaches. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been identified as one of the most critical endocrine targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that might significantly impact outcomes after infection. Herein we review the rationale for glucocorticoid use in the setting of COVID-19 and emphasize the need to have a low index of suspicion for glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency, adjusting for the glucocorticoid formulation used, dose, treatment duration, and underlying health problems.

Anticholinergic burden and cognitive performance: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil study.

Objectives: Using multiple drugs with anticholinergic properties is common and might lead to cumulative anticholinergic toxicity and increased risk of cognitive impairment. Therefore, we sought to investigate the association between the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) Scale and cognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study with 13,065 participants from the baseline visit of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), mean age was 51.

The association between salt intake and blood pressure is mediated by body mass index but modified by hypertension: The ELSA-Brasil study.

High salt intake has been linked to both obesity and high blood pressure (BP). Part of the variability of BP attributed to salt intake might be BMI-mediated. To investigate whether hypertension would be an effect modifier in the complex network including salt intake, obesity, and BP, we tested the hypothesis that salt intake has direct and BMI-mediated effects on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).

Increased Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and common mental disorders are prevalent conditions. However, the relationship of MetS and its components with depression, anxiety, and common mental disorders has not been sufficiently addressed in low-/middle-income countries.

Objective: To investigate whether depression, anxiety, and common mental disorders are associated with MetS and its components in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Factors Associated With Driving Status Among Brazilian Older Adults.

This study analyzed the factors associated with driving status among older adults in Brazil. The sample consisted of 15,221 older adults (≥65 years) residing in Brazilian capitals in 2018. The following question established the participants' driving status: "" Sociodemographic, health conditions, and health-related behaviors were derived through standard procedures.

A study protocol for an ongoing multi-arm, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial with digital features, using portable transcranial electrical stimulation and internet-based behavioral therapy for major depression disorders: The PSYLECT study.

Background: Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is considered effective and safe for depression, albeit modestly, and prone to logistical burdens when performed in external facilities. Investigation of portable tES (ptES), and potentiation of ptES with remote psychological interventions have shown positive, but preliminary, results.

Research Design: We report the rationale and design of an ongoing multi-arm, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial with digital features, using ptES and internet-based behavioral therapy (iBT) for major depressive disorder (MDD) (NCT04889976).

Reference range of serum uric acid and prevalence of hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study from baseline data of ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Background: Most of the few studies that have established reference ranges for serum uric acid (SUA) have not taken into account factors which may interfere with its levels and followed rigorous laboratory quality standards. The aim of this study was to establish reference ranges for SUA and determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia.

Method: Cross-sectional study including 15,100 participants (all sample) aged 35 to 74 years from baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicentric cohort of volunteer civil servants from five universities and one research institute located in different regions of Brazil.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormones and Incidence of Diabetes: Prospective Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-BRASIL).

There are conflicting data regarding the association of thyroid function with incident diabetes. We prospectively investigated thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and its conversion ratio (fT3:fT4) with the risk of developing diabetes in euthyroid subjects and those with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Our hypothesis is that this relationship is a U-shaped curve since both subclinical thyroid diseases may be associated with diabetes.

Adjunctive tDCS for treatment-refractory auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled studies.

Objective: Treatment-refractory auditory hallucinations (TRAH) in schizophrenia often do not improve with pharmacotherapy. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that systematically examined the therapeutic effects and tolerability of adjunctive active versus sham active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for auditory hallucinations as measured by the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) in schizophrenia patients with TRAH.

Methods: Relevant data were extracted, checked and analyzed using the Review Manager, Version 5.