Coffee Consumption and Coronary Artery Calcium Score: Cross-Sectional Results of ELSA-Brasil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health).

Background: Available evidence for the relationship between coffee intake and subclinical atherosclerosis is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in ELSA-Brasil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health).

Methods And Results: This cross-sectional study is based on baseline data from participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in a Prospective Cohort of US Women.

Background: Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is uncertain. We hypothesized that plasma BCAAs are positively associated with CVD risk and evaluated whether this was dependent on an intermediate diagnosis of T2D.

Methods: Participants in the Women's Health Study prospective cohort were eligible if free of CVD at baseline blood collection (n=27 041).

Carvedilol for Prevention of Chemotherapy-Related Cardiotoxicity: The CECCY Trial.

Background: Anthracycline (ANT) chemotherapy is associated with cardiotoxicity. Prevention with β-blockers remains controversial.

Objectives: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study sought to evaluate the role of carvedilol in preventing ANT cardiotoxicity.

Spironolactone Versus Clonidine as a Fourth-Drug Therapy for Resistant Hypertension: The ReHOT Randomized Study (Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment).

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to compare spironolactone versus clonidine as the fourth drug in patients with resistant hypertension in a multicenter, randomized trial. Medical therapy adherence was checked by pill counting. Patients with resistant hypertension (no office and ambulatory blood pressure [BP] monitoring control, despite treatment with 3 drugs, including a diuretic, for 12 weeks) were randomized to an additional 12-week treatment with spironolactone (12.

Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an Add-on Treatment for Bipolar Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: More effective, tolerable interventions for bipolar depression treatment are needed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel therapeutic modality with few severe adverse events that showed promising results for unipolar depression.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of tDCS as an add-on treatment for bipolar depression.

Chronic kidney disease and coronary artery calcification in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health concern due to the increased prevalence the high fatalities related to heart disease in this population. Among novel cardiovascular risk markers, the coronary artery calcification score (CAC) emerged as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events.

Hypothesis: We aimed to test if glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria are independently associated with coronary calcification.

Primary Prevention of Congenital Anomalies: Special Focus on Environmental Chemicals and other Toxicants, Maternal Health and Health Services and Infectious Diseases.

Congenital anomalies (CA) represent an important fraction of rare diseases, due to the critical role of non-genetic factors in their pathogenesis. CA are the main group of rare diseases in which primary prevention measures will have a beneficial impact. Indeed, since 2013 the European Union has endorsed a body of evidence-based recommendations for CA primary prevention; the recommendations aim at facilitating the inclusion of primary prevention actions the National Rare Disease Plans of EU Member States and encompass different public health fields, from environment through to maternal diseases and lifestyles.

Thyrotropin level and cognitive performance: Baseline results from the ELSA-Brasil Study.

Background And Aims: The role of subtle thyroid alterations, such as subclinical thyroid disease and low/high serum thyrotropin (TSH) within the normal range, on cognitive decline is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum TSH and subclinical thyroid dysfunction with performance on cognitive tests in a large sample of Brazilian middle-aged adults without overt thyroid disease.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, we excluded individuals aged 65 years and older, with overt thyroid dysfunction, prevalent stroke, in use of medications that affect thyroid function or that indicate neurologic diseases, and from Asian or indigenous ethnicity.

Migraine and cognitive function: Baseline findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health: ELSA-Brasil.

Background The association between migraine and cognitive performance is unclear. We analyzed whether migraine is associated with cognitive performance among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, ELSA-Brasil. Methods Cross-sectional analysis, including participants with complete information about migraine and aura at baseline.

Temperament and character traits in major depressive disorder: a case control study.

Background: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have distinct personality traits, compared with control subjects, although the role of anxiety and positive and negative affects in this finding is unclear.

Design And Setting: A case-control study enrolling 103 antidepressant-free depressed patients and 103 age and gender-matched controls was conducted at the University Hospital, University of São Paulo.

Methods: The self-reported scales of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were applied.

The Identification of Calcified Coronary Plaque Is Associated With Initiation and Continuation of Pharmacological and Lifestyle Preventive Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the odds of initiation or continuation of pharmacological and lifestyle preventive therapies in patients with nonzero versus zero coronary artery calcium (CAC) score detected on cardiac computed tomography.

Background: Detection of calcified coronary plaque could serve as a motivational tool for physicians and patients to intensify preventive therapies.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database), Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL (Cochrane central register of controlled trials), ClinicalTrials.

Relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk factors among young and middle-aged Brazilians. Cross-sectional study.

Context And Objective:: It has been suggested in the literature that periodontal disease (PD) is associated with cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to appraise the relationship between periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome) among young and middle-aged adults attended at a health promotion and check-up center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Design And Setting:: Cross-sectional study at the Health Promotion and Check-up Center of Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.

Lipoprotein insulin resistance score and risk of incident diabetes during extended follow-up of 20 years: The Women's Health Study.

Background: Type II diabetes (T2D) is preceded by prolonged insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency incompletely captured by glucose metabolism parameters, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides.

Objective: Whether lipoprotein insulin resistance (LPIR) score, a metabolomic marker, is associated with incident diabetes and improves risk reclassification over traditional markers on extended follow-up.

Methods: Among 25,925 nondiabetic women aged 45 years or older, LPIR was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a weighted score of very low density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and HDL particle sizes, and their subsets concentrations.

Peripheral Alterations in Cytokine and Chemokine Levels After Antidepressant Drug Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mounting evidence suggests that aberrations in immune-inflammatory pathways contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and individuals with MDD may have elevated levels of predominantly pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein. In addition, previous meta-analyses suggest that antidepressant drug treatment may decrease peripheral levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6. Recently, several new studies examining the effect of antidepressants on these cytokines have been published, and so we performed an updated meta-analysis of studies that measured peripheral levels of cytokines and chemokines during antidepressant treatment in patients with MDD.

Achilles tendon xanthomas are associated with the presence and burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: A pilot study.

Background And Aims: Achilles tendon xanthomas (ATX) are a sign of long-term exposure to high blood cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients, which have been associated with cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the ATX association with the presence and extent of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in heterozygous FH patients.

Methods: 102 FH patients diagnosed by US-MEDPED criteria (67% with genetically proven FH), with median LDL-C 279 mg/dL (interquartile range: 240; 313), asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, underwent computed tomography angiography and coronary artery calcium (CAC) quantification.

The relationship between migraine and lipid sub-fractions among individuals without cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional evaluation in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Introduction Recent studies have explored the relationship between dyslipidemia and migraine in a cardiovascular context. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between lipids, lipoprotein subfractions and migraine according to aura symptoms in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods 1,560 women and 1,595 men, without CVD or lipid disorders requiring medication, underwent a baseline clinical assessment.

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Diffuse Advanced Coronary Artery Disease: 1-Year Clinical and Angiographic Results.

Background: Proper treatment of patients with diffuse, severe coronary artery disease (CAD) is a challenge due to its complexity. Thus, data on the outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in this population is scarce. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of CABG on the clinical and functional status, as well as graft patency in those individuals.

Relation of Fasting Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Coronary Artery Calcium Score (from the ELSA-Brasil Study).

Although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is widely accepted as the principal lipid fraction associated with atherosclerosis, emerging evidence suggests a causal relation between lifelong elevations in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in genetic studies. To provide further evidence for the potential relevance of TRL-C and atherosclerosis, we have evaluated the relation between TRL-C and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. We included 3,845 subjects (49.

Coronary artery calcification and cognitive function: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil study.

Objectives: We examined the relationship between coronary artery calcification (CAC) score and performance in cognitive tests in a large Brazilian sample.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 4104 participants (mean age = 50.9 ± 8.

Obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular prognosis: from the Partners coronary computed tomography angiography registry.

Objective: To investigate the relationship among body mass index (BMI), cardiometabolic risk and coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 1118 patients, who underwent coronary CTA at two centers from September 2004 to October 2011. Coronary CTA were categorized as normal, nonobstructive CAD (<50%), or obstructive CAD (≥50%) in addition to segment involvement (SIS) and stenosis scores.

"EMMA Study: a Brazilian community-based cohort study of stroke mortality and morbidity".

Context And Objective:: Stroke has a high burden of disability and mortality. The aim here was to evaluate epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis for stroke in the EMMA Study (Study of Stroke Mortality and Morbidity).

Design And Settings:: Prospective community-based cohort carried out in Hospital Universitário, University of São Paulo, 2006-2014.