Why do young people consume marijuana? Extending motivational theory via the Dualistic Model of Passion.

We evaluated an extended model of motivation for consuming marijuana by combining motivational theory and the dualistic model of passion. An online sample of 524 young, frequent marijuana consumers (M = 24; 88% male; M=21; Mode=31; 50% used 25-31 days) self-administered several questionnaires including the Marijuana-Harmonious and Obsessive Passion Scale and the Marijuana Motives Measure. Intercorrelations among the obsessive and harmonious passion and motives subscales were small-to-medium.

Perceptions and practices addressing diversion among US buprenorphine prescribers.

Background: While there has been a dramatic increase in prescribing of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder in the US, little is known about prescribers' attitudes and practices regarding buprenorphine diversion and how they relate to prescriber characteristics.

Methods: A national random sample of buprenorphine prescribers (N = 1174) completed surveys from July 2014 to January 2017. Analyses examined relationships between prescriber and practice characteristics and prescriber perceptions and approaches regarding diversion.

Perceptions of Purpose in Life Within Spousal Care Dyads: Associations With Emotional and Physical Caregiving Difficulties.

Background: Greater feelings of purpose in life are associated with better health and may reduce the negative impact of chronic stress. Yet little is known about how purpose in life may buffer the negative effects of caregiving, a common chronic stressor in middle and later life.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a U.

Psychiatry and Pain Management: at the Intersection of Chronic Pain and Mental Health.

Purpose Of Review: Chronic pain impacts millions of people in the USA. At the heart of the problem of chronic pain remains the complex psychosocial aspects associated with living with chronic pain. Given the overlap between chronic pain and mental health, a promising treatment approach is to improve how we integrate psychiatry into pain management.

"The Filter is Kind of Broken": Family Caregivers' Attributions About Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia.

Objectives: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, often challenging to manage, and may erode caregivers' well-being. Few studies have explored caregivers' perspectives of what causes these behaviors, but such attributions may be important-particularly if they negatively impact the care dyad. This study examined causal attributions about BPSD among individuals caring for a family member with dementia.

Factors associated with alcohol consumption among medical cannabis patients with chronic pain.

Introduction: Chronic pain is the most common reason for medical cannabis certification. Data regarding alcohol use and risky drinking among medical cannabis patients with pain is largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use and risky drinking in this population.

Multiple Chronic Conditions in Spousal Caregivers of Older Adults With Functional Disability: Associations With Caregiving Difficulties and Gains.

Objectives: Multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) are common and have harmful consequences in later life. Along with managing their own health, many aging adults care for an impaired partner. Spousal caregiving may be more stressful when caregivers have MCCs, particularly those involving complex management.

Polysubstance use by psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.

Background: Polysubstance use, the consumption of more than one substance over a defined period, is common and associated with psychiatric problems and poor treatment adherence and outcomes. This study examined past-month polysubstance use at intake among psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders, and outcomes 3 months later.

Methods: Participants (n=406 psychiatry inpatients with documented mental health and substance use disorders) completed a baseline and a 3-month follow-up (84%) interview.

Prevalence and correlates of sleep-related problems in adults receiving medical cannabis for chronic pain.

Purpose: To examine the prevalence and correlates of sleep problems in a sample of medical cannabis patients.

Procedures: Adults ages 21 and older (N=801,M age=45.8) who were seeking medical cannabis certification (either for the first time or as a renewal) for chronic pain at medical cannabis clinics in southern Michigan completed baseline measures of cannabis use, sleep, pain, and other related constructs.

Recent cannabis use among Veterans in the United States: Results from a national sample.

Background: Compared to civilians, little is known about cannabis use among Veterans in the general United States (US) population. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of recent medical and non-medical cannabis use among this important US sub-population.

Method: Data came from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Hospital-level balloon tamponade use is associated with increased mortality for all patients presenting with acute variceal haemorrhage.

Background & Aims: Balloon tamponade (BT) can bridge patients to salvage therapy for uncontrollable acute variceal haemorrhage (AVH). However, data are limited regarding the reasons for, rate of and outcomes associated with Balloon tamponade use.

Methods: First, we performed an single-centre cohort study of all patients (N = 139) with oesophageal acute variceal haemorrhage from 01/2009 to 10/2015.

A randomized trial of a web-based platform to help families manage dementia-related behavioral symptoms: The WeCareAdvisor™.

Dementia-related behavioral symptoms are challenging clinical features occurring across etiologies and disease progression. They are associated with increased healthcare utilization, nursing home placement, family upset and burden. Families typically manage behavioral symptoms without requisite knowledge, skills and guidance.

Use of non-pharmacological strategies for pain relief in addiction treatment patients with chronic pain.

Background And Objectives: We examined use of non-pharmacological treatments for pain in addiction treatment patients.

Methods: Patients in addiction treatment with chronic pain (N = 501) were classified based on use of non-pharmacological pain treatments. Demographic and clinical correlates were compared.

Public Policies and Interventions for Diabetes in Latin America: a Scoping Review.

Purpose Of Review: Successful interventions are needed to diagnose and manage type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Latin America, a region that is experiencing a significant rise in rates of T2DM. Complementing an earlier review exploring diabetes prevention efforts in Latin America, this scoping review examines the literature on (1) policies and governmental programs intended to improve diabetes diagnosis and treatment in Latin America and (2) interventions to improve diabetes management in Latin America. It concludes with a brief discussion of promising directions for future research.

Medical Care Activities Among Spouses of Older Adults With Functional Disability: Implications for Caregiving Difficulties and Gains.

Objectives: Spouses of older adults with functional disability often provide help with their partner's medical care. Yet little is known about the implications of these activities for spouses' caregiving experiences. We examined how spouses' medical care activities are linked to both positive and negative aspects of caregiving (difficulties and gains), and whether these associations vary by their age, gender, or education.

Impact of the Opioid Safety Initiative on opioid-related prescribing in veterans.

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) designed the Opioid Safety Initiative (OSI) to help decrease opioid prescribing practices associated with adverse outcomes. Key components included disseminating a dashboard tool that aggregates electronic medical record data to audit real-time opioid-related prescribing and identifying a clinical leader at each facility to implement the tool and promote safer prescribing. This study examines changes associated with OSI implementation in October 2013 among all adult VHA patients who filled outpatient opioid prescriptions.

WeCareAdvisor™: The Development of a Caregiver-focused, Web-based Program to Assess and Manage Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia.

Background/objectives: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are nearly universal in dementia and associated with multiple negative outcomes. Current real-world management is largely pharmacologic, despite poor risk/benefit. The WeCareAdvisor was designed to enable family caregivers to assess, manage, and track BPSD using nonpharmacologic strategies.

Changes in alcohol use following the transition to motherhood: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Background: Little is known about the impact of motherhood on alcohol use beyond the acute reductions observed in pregnancy. This study characterizes changes in alcohol use for women who did and did not become mothers over three years.

Methods: Data are from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).

Opioid Overdose: Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Outpatient Treatment.

The present clinical case discussion focuses on a patient with comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) and chronic pain, who experienced an overdose of heroin. The case illustrates the complex array of risk factors that contribute to overdose risk, discusses the use of naloxone, and highlights the need for further risk mitigation interventions in patients at risk for overdose.

Prevalence and correlates of "Vaping" as a route of cannabis administration in medical cannabis patients.

Purpose: To examine the prevalence and correlates of vaporization (i.e., "vaping") as a route of cannabis administration in a sample of medical cannabis patients.

Women Veterans with Depression in Veterans Health Administration Primary Care: An Assessment of Needs and Preferences.

Objective: Depression is the most prevalent mental health condition in primary care (PC). Yet as the Veterans Health Administration increases resources for PC/mental health integration, including integrated care for women, there is little detailed information about depression care needs, preferences, comorbidity, and access patterns among women veterans with depression followed in PC.

Methods: We sampled patients regularly engaged with Veterans Health Administration PC.

Factors associated with having a medical marijuana card among Veterans with recent substance use in VA outpatient treatment.

Psychiatric symptoms, somatic problems, and co-occurring substance use have been associated with medical marijuana consumption among civilian patients with substance use disorders. It is possible that these factors may impact Veterans' ability to engage in or adhere to mental health and substance use disorder treatment. Therefore, we examined whether psychiatric functioning, substance use, and somatic problems were associated with medical marijuana use among Veterans receiving substance use disorder and/or mental health treatment.

Diabetes Prevention Interventions in Latin American Countries: a Scoping Review.

Public policies, population health initiatives, and targeted behavioral change interventions for individuals at risk for developing diabetes are all essential for diabetes prevention in Latin American countries (LACs). This scoping review examines (1) the current evidence on diabetes prevention policies and interventions in LACs to identify components of effective diabetes prevention models in those countries and (2) effective diabetes prevention interventions targeting Latino populations in the USA to explore possible lessons from these interventions for LACs. Diabetes prevention programs in LACs evaluated to date consist of short-term health professional-led face-to-face behavioral counseling sessions.

Comparing adults who use cannabis medically with those who use recreationally: Results from a national sample.

Objectives: Cannabis has been legalized for medical use in almost half of the states in the U.S. Although laws in these states make the distinction between medical and recreational use of cannabis, the prevalence of people using medical cannabis and how distinct this group is from individuals using cannabis recreationally is unknown at a national level.