Association of Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection With New-Onset Alcohol Use Disorder, January 2020 Through January 2022.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic affects many diseases, including alcohol use disorders (AUDs). As the pandemic evolves, understanding the association of a new diagnosis of AUD with COVID-19 over time is required to mitigate negative consequences.

Objective: To examine the association of COVID-19 infection with new diagnosis of AUD over time from January 2020 through January 2022.

What If We Do Not Operate? Outcomes of Nonoperatively Managed Emergency General Surgery Patients.

Introduction: Although two-thirds of patients with emergency general surgery (EGS) conditions are managed nonoperatively, their long-term outcomes are not well described. We describe outcomes of nonoperative management in a cohort of older EGS patients and estimate the projected risk of operative management using the NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator (SRC).

Materials And Methods: We studied single-center inpatients aged 65 y and more with an EGS consult who did not undergo an operation (January 2019-December 2020).

Association of COVID-19 with endocarditis in patients with cocaine or opioid use disorders in the US.

The incidence of endocarditis in the US is increasing, driven in part by the rise in intravenous drug use, mostly opioids and stimulant drugs (cocaine and methamphetamine). Recent reports have documented that individuals with COVID-19 are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 is associated with increased risk for endocarditis in patients with opioid or stimulant use disorders.

Association of Aspirin Use with Reduced Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease in Elderly Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Currently there are no effective therapies to prevent or halt the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple risk factors are involved in AD, including ischemic stroke (IS). Aspirin is often prescribed following IS to prevent blood clot formation.

Disruption in seasonality, patient characteristics and disparities of respiratory syncytial virus infection among young children in the US during and before the COVID-19 pandemic: 2010-2022.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and hospitalization have surged sharply among young children. Here we test how the seasonal patterns of RSV infections in 2022 compared with those from other COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic years. For this purpose, we analyzed a nation-wide and real-time database of electronic health records of 56 million patients across 50 states in the US.

Health outcomes associated with patterns of substance use disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: Electronic health record findings.

Aims: To identify substance use disorder (SUD) patterns and their association with T2DM health outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Methods: We used latent class analysis on electronic health records from the MetroHealth System (Cleveland, Ohio) to obtain the target SUD groups: i) only tobacco (TUD), ii) tobacco and alcohol (TAUD), and iii) tobacco, alcohol, and at least one more substance (PSUD). A matching program with Mahalanobis distance within propensity score calipers created the matched control groups: no SUD (NSUD) for TUD and TUD for the other two SUD groups.

Cardiovascular Outcomes After Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab use for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Against Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Population-Based Propensity-matched Cohort Study.

Tixagevimab and cilgavimab treatment was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events in a post hoc analysis of a phase 3 trial. In this large population-based propensity-matched study, we found no increased risk of cardiovascular events up to 90 days after tixagevimab and cilgavimab administration, including in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

Epidemiology of Eustachian tube dysfunction and related otologic diagnoses among children with achondroplasia.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diagnosed Eustachian tube dysfunction and related otologic diagnoses among children with achondroplasia as compared to a control population.

Methods: The TriNetX Analytics Network, a federated health research network that aggregates the de-identified electronic health record data of over 78 million patients across the United States, was queried for patients 18 years old or younger with achondroplasia. Patients in this group with any occurrence of diagnosed Eustachian tube dysfunction or specified otologic diagnoses were recorded and reported.

Time Trend and Association of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer with Diverticular Disease in the United States: 2010-2021.

Purpose: To examine time trends of incidence rates of EOCRC from 2010 to 2021 among patients with and without diverticular disease and to examine whether diverticular disease is associated with increased risk of EOCRC. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 46,179,351 young adults aged 20−49, including 298,117 with diverticular disease. We examined yearly incidence rate of first diagnosis of EOCRC from 2010 through 2021 among patients with and without diverticular disease.

Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Among Pediatric Patients From 2020 to 2021.

This cohort study assesses the association of COVID-19 with new-onset type 1 diabetes among pediatric patients.

Phenotypic prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome among an underdiagnosed and underscreened population of over 50 million children and adults.

Metabolic syndrome is a phenotypic condition associated with a variety of genotypes. Studies of rare genotypes can be made more difficult by clinical underscreening of the population for the phenotypic traits that define metabolic syndrome to clinicians. Studies have demonstrated underdiagnosis of pediatric obesity, as well as reduced rates of pediatric screening for obesity related conditions, including conditions leading to a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.

Prevalence of New-Onset Tinnitus after COVID-19 Vaccination with Comparison to Other Vaccinations.

Objective: To investigate how often patients are diagnosed with new-onset tinnitus within 21 days after COVID-19 vaccination in comparison to after three other common vaccinations: influenza, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis), and polysaccharide pneumococcus.

Methods: The TriNetX Analytics Network, a federated health research network that aggregates the de-identified electronic health record (EHR) data of over 78 million patients, was queried for patients receiving each vaccination. Instances of new-onset tinnitus within 21 days of vaccination were recorded and reported.

Cardiovascular risk of gabapentin and pregabalin in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Background: Gabapentin and pregabalin are commonly prescribed medications to treat pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Gabapentin and pregabalin can cause fluid retention, which is hypothesized to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, whether long-term use of gabapentin and pregabalin is associated with adverse cardiovascular diseases remains unknown.

Middle ear cholesteatoma prevalence in over 3,600 children with Turner Syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of middle ear cholesteatoma in children with Turner syndrome (TS) as compared to the general population using a large database.

Methods: The TriNetx Analytics Network, a federated health research network that aggregates the de-identified electronic health record data of over 78 million patients across the United States, was queried for patients 18 years old or younger with TS. Patients in this group with any occurrence of a diagnosed middle ear cholesteatoma were recorded and reported.

COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment during Omicron BA.5 vs BA.2.12.1 subvariant predominance period.

Paxlovid was authorized by FDA to treat mild-to-moderate COVID-19. In May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Health Alert Network Health Advisory on potential COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment. Since June 2022, Omicron BA.

Five-year incidence of substance use and mental health diagnoses following exposure to opioids or opioids with benzodiazepines during an emergency department encounter for traumatic injury.

Background: Benzodiazepines and opioids are used alone or in conjunction in certain care settings, but each have the potential for misuse.

Objective: This longitudinal observational study evaluated substance use and mental health outcomes associated with providing opioids with or without benzodiazepine to treat traumatic injury in the emergency department (ED) setting.

Methods: We analyzed a limited dataset obtained through the IBM Watson Health Explorys.

Association of COVID-19 with New-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

An infectious etiology of Alzheimer's disease has been postulated for decades. It remains unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. In this retrospective cohort study of 6,245,282 older adults (age ≥65 years) who had medical encounters between 2/2020-5/2021, we show that people with COVID-19 were at significantly increased risk for new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease within 360 days after the initial COVID-19 diagnosis (hazard ratio or HR:1.

COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid and Molnupiravir during January-June 2022.

Importance: Recent case reports document that some patients who were treated with Paxlovid experienced rebound COVID-19 infections and symptoms 2 to 8 days after completing a 5-day course of Paxlovid. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently issued a Health Alert Network Health Advisory to update the public on the potential for COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid treatments. However, the rates of COVID-19 rebound in a real-world population or whether rebound is unique to Paxlovid remains unknown.

Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Unlabelled: To describe the prevalence, associated risk factors, and outcomes of serious neurologic manifestations (encephalopathy, stroke, seizure, and meningitis/encephalitis) among patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: One hundred seventy-nine hospitals in 24 countries within the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study COVID-19 Registry.

COVID-19 breakthrough infections and hospitalizations among vaccinated patients with dementia in the United States between December 2020 and August 2021.

Introduction: There is lack of data on COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with dementia in the United States.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 262,847 vaccinated older adults (age 73.8 ± 6.

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Hospitalizations, and Mortality in Vaccinated Patients With Cancer in the US Between December 2020 and November 2021.

Importance: Limited data have been presented to examine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and mortality in vaccinated patients with cancer in the US.

Objectives: To examine the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalizations, and mortality in vaccinated patients with cancer between December 2020 and November 2021.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective cohort study of electronic health records (EHRs) of vaccinated patients from a multicenter and nationwide database in the US during the period of December 2020 through November 2021.

Incidence Rates and Clinical Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With the Omicron and Delta Variants in Children Younger Than 5 Years in the US.

This cohort study assesses the incidence rates and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the Omicron and Delta variants in children younger than 5 years in the US.