Ischemic stroke after COVID-19 bivalent vaccine administration in patients aged 65 years and older in the United States.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced in January 2023 a potential connection between administration of the Pfizer novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) bivalent vaccine booster and ischemic stroke (IS). A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the hazard of IS in patients aged 65 years and over administered the Pfizer bivalent booster versus those administered the Pfizer/Moderna monovalent or Moderna bivalent boosters. De-identified patient electronic health data were collected from TriNetX, a cloud-based analytics platform that includes data from over 90 million unique patients in the United States.

Time trend and seasonality in medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in US children aged 0-5 years, January 2010-January 2023.

Objective: The long-term time trend and seasonality variations of first-time medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among young children are unknown. We aim to examine the time trend of medically attended first-time RSV infections among young children in the USA from January 2010 through January 2023.

Design: This is a population-based cohort study using electronic health records (EHRs).

Association of COVID-19 with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children aged 0-5 years in the USA in 2022: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether COVID-19 infection was associated with increased risk for incident respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and associated diseases among young children that might have contributed to the 2022 surge of severe paediatric RSV cases in the USA.

Design: This is a retrospective population-based cohort study. Five outcomes were examined, including overall RSV infection, positive lab test-confirmed RSV infection, clinically diagnosed RSV diseases, RSV-associated bronchiolitis and unspecified bronchiolitis.

Liver abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children under 10 years of age.

Objective: Beginning in October 2021 in the US and elsewhere, cases of severe pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology were identified in young children. While the adenovirus and adenovirus-associated virus have emerged as leading etiologic suspects, we attempted to investigate a potential role for SARS-CoV-2 in the development of subsequent liver abnormalities.

Design: We conducted a study utilizing retrospective cohorts of de-identified, aggregated data from the electronic health records of over 100 million patients contributed by US health care organizations.

Shorter-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are associated with increased development of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and its complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-level retrospective matched cohort study.

Background: Shorter half-life glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) delay gastric emptying (DGE) more than GLP-1 RAs with longer half-lives. DGE is a known risk factor for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its complications.

Aim: To determine whether short-acting or long-acting GLP-1 RAs are associated with an increased risk of new GERD or GERD-related complications DESIGN: We used the TriNetX global database to identify adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and generated two cohorts totalling 1 543 351 patients on (1) GLP-1 RA or (2) other second-line diabetes medication.

Increased risk of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in osteogenesis imperfecta.

We investigated the prevalence of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) as compared to the general population. We performed a retrospective cohort study utilizing the TriNetX Analytics platform, a federated, aggregated electronic health record (EHR) research network containing national, deidentified EHR data. We queried patients with OI, based on encounter diagnoses.

Cardiac and mortality outcome differences between methadone, buprenorphine and naltrexone prescriptions in patients with an opioid use disorder.

Importance: More than 109,000 Americans died of drug overdose in 2022, with 81,231 overdose deaths involving opioids. Methadone, buprenorphine and naltrexone are the most widely used medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) and the most effective intervention for preventing overdose deaths. However, there is a concern that methadone results in long QT syndrome, which increases the risk for fatal cardiac arrythmias.

Patterns of care in the management of high-risk COPD in the US (2011-2019): an observational study for the CONQUEST quality improvement program.

Background: In this study, we compare management of patients with high-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the United States to national and international guidelines and quality standards, including the COllaboratioN on QUality improvement initiative for achieving Excellence in STandards of COPD care (CONQUEST).

Methods: Patients were identified from the DARTNet Practice Performance Registry and categorized into three high-risk cohorts in each year from 2011 to 2019: newly diagnosed (≤12 months after diagnosis), already diagnosed, and patients with potential undiagnosed COPD. Patients were considered high-risk if they had a history of exacerbations or likely exacerbations (respiratory consult with prescribed medication).

Preference for and impact of telehealth vs in-person asthma visits among Black and Latinx adults.

Background: Black and Latinx adults experience disproportionate asthma-related morbidity and limited specialty care access. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic expanded telehealth use.

Objective: To evaluate visit type (telehealth [TH] vs in-person [IP]) preferences and the impact of visit type on asthma outcomes among Black and Latinx adults with moderate-to-severe asthma.

Treacher Collins Syndrome Associated with Disproportionate Nervous System, Cardiovascular, Otologic Complications Among 1,114 Patients.

Objective: To compare the rates of selected nervous system, cardiovascular, and otologic abnormalities in patients with and without Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS).

Design: Retrospective TriNetX platform cohort study.

Setting: Aggregated and deidentified electronic health record (EHR) data from across the United States.

Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes in Patients Who Have a History of Prior Radiation.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the odds of developing medical and surgical adverse events following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients who have a history of radiation therapy (RT) for cancer.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a national database to identify patients who underwent primary THA (Current Procedural Terminology code 27130) from 2002 to 2022. Patients who had a prior RT were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes Z51.

Pre-appendectomy hyponatremia is associated with increased rates of complicated appendicitis.

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies worldwide. Preoperative assessment of the risk of complicated appendicitis may aid in treatment planning. We sought to investigate the association between pre-appendectomy hyponatremia and diagnosis of complicated appendicitis.

Drug repurposing for reducing the risk of cataract extraction in patients with diabetes mellitus: integration of artificial intelligence-based drug prediction and clinical corroboration.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the incidence of age-related cataracts. Currently, no medication is approved or known to delay clinical cataract progression. Using a novel approach based on AI, we searched for drugs with potential cataract surgery-suppressing effects.

Reducing Disparities in No Show Rates Using Predictive Model-Driven Live Appointment Reminders for At-Risk Patients: a Randomized Controlled Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background: Appointment no shows are prevalent in safety-net healthcare systems. The efficacy and equitability of using predictive algorithms to selectively add resource-intensive live telephone outreach to standard automated reminders in such a setting is not known.

Objective: To determine if adding risk-driven telephone outreach to standard automated reminders can improve in-person primary care internal medicine clinic no show rates without worsening racial and ethnic show-rate disparities.

Risk of New Retinal Vascular Occlusion After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Within Aggregated Electronic Health Record Data.

Importance: New-onset retinal vascular occlusion (RVO) occurring acutely after messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination has been described in recent literature. Because RVO can cause vision loss or blindness, an epidemiologic investigation evaluating this potential association is of great importance to public health.

Objective: To investigate how often patients are diagnosed with new RVO acutely after the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine compared with influenza and tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccines.

Reducing Racial Disparities in the Timeliness of Potential Lung Cancer Evaluation With a Novel Application-Supported Rapid Outpatient Diagnostic Program: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

Introduction: Rapid outpatient diagnostic programs (RODP) expedite lung cancer evaluation, but their impact on racial disparities in the timeliness of evaluation is less clear.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the impact of an internally developed application-supported RODP on racial disparities in timely referral completion rates for patients with potential lung cancer at a safety-net healthcare system. An application screened referrals to pulmonology for indications of lung mass or nodule and presented relevant clinical information that enabled dedicated pulmonologists to efficiently review and triage cases according to urgency.

Ischemic stroke after COVID-19 bivalent vaccine administration in patients aged 65 years and older: analysis of nation-wide patient electronic health records in the United States.

Importance: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced in January 2023 that they were investigating a potential connection between administration of the Pfizer novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) bivalent vaccine booster and ischemic stroke (IS).

Objective: To explore the relationship between Pfizer bivalent booster administration and IS in older patients in the United States and compare it to other COVID-19 vaccines.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare hazard of IS among patients aged 65 years or over who received the Pfizer bivalent, Moderna bivalent, or Pfizer/Moderna monovalent COVID-19 booster vaccine 1-21 and 22-42 days after vaccination.

Repurposing ketamine to treat cocaine use disorder: integration of artificial intelligence-based prediction, expert evaluation, clinical corroboration and mechanism of action analyses.

Background And Aims: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health issue for which there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication. Drug repurposing looks for new cost-effective uses of approved drugs. This study presents an integrated strategy to identify repurposed FDA-approved drugs for CUD treatment.