Comparative study of ergosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol and their endoperoxides: Generation, identification, and impact in phospholipid membranes and melanoma cells.

Melanoma is an aggressive cancer that has attracted attention in recent years due to its high mortality rate of 80%. Damage caused by oxidative stress generated by radical (type I reaction) and singlet oxygen, O (type II reaction) oxidative reactions may induce cancer. Thus, studies that aim to unveil the mechanism that drives these oxidative damage processes become relevant.

A single-arm, phase II study of sotorasib plus carboplatin/pemetrexed in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients with KRAS G12C mutation (WJOG14821L, SCARLET).

Background: The efficacy and safety of sotorasib plus platinum-doublet chemotherapy in KRAS G12C-mutated non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (non-Sq NSCLC) were previously reported with limited follow-up period.

Method: SCARLET was a single-arm phase II study of chemotherapy-naïve patients with KRAS G12C-mutated non-Sq NSCLC. Participants received sotorasib 960 mg daily plus four cycles of carboplatin (area under the curve, 5)/pemetrexed 500 mg/m, followed by sotorasib/pemetrexed until disease progression.

Stage-specific efficacy of osimertinib in treatment-naïve EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer according to baseline genetic alterations in circulating tumor DNA.

The impact of clinical stage on the effectiveness of osimertinib for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unexamined. We investigated osimertinib therapeutic efficacy variation between stage IVA or lower and stage IVB EGFR mutation-positive lung cancers, focusing on differences in pretreatment co-occurring genetic alterations in circulating tumor DNA. This was a secondary analysis of the ELUCIDATOR study, a multicenter prospective observational study in Japan that assessed the mechanisms underlying resistance to osimertinib as a first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations.

Identification of key gene signatures for predicting chemo-immunotherapy efficacy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer using machine learning.

Objectives: The lack of definitive biomarkers presents a significant challenge for chemo-immunotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). We aimed to identify key genes associated with chemo-immunotherapy efficacy in ES-SCLC through comprehensive gene expression analysis using machine learning (ML).

Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort of patients with ES-SCLC who received first-line chemo-immunotherapy was analyzed.

MicroRNA‑21‑5p expression in extracellular vesicles is increased in the blood of aging mice and in vascular endothelial cells induced by ionizing radiation.

In recent years, the Japanese population has been aging and the risk of contracting various age-related diseases has increased. Thus, there is a need to analyze components that are characteristic of aging and examine their association with diseases to detect age-related diseases at an early stage. In the present study, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) of 82-102-week-old mice were analyzed to identify miRNAs characteristic of aging.

Comprehensive serum biomarker analysis reveals IL-8 changes as the only predictor of the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is widely used to predict the effectiveness of PD-(L)1 inhibitors despite its imperfection. Previous studies suggested the utilization of various serum biomarkers; nonetheless, findings are inconclusive because of limited sample sizes or the focus on a single biomarker in many of these studies. This study analyzed multiplex serum biomarkers to explore their predictive ability in a large cohort of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with a PD-L1 inhibitor in a real-world setting.

Impact of storm drains on the maintenance of dengue endemicity in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil: a geospatial and epidemiologic approach.

Introduction: Dengue is a public health challenge worldwide. Brazil registered about 70% of cases in Latin America in 2023; in 2024, the country is experiencing an unprecedented increase in the number of infected individuals. By May 2024, more than 4 million people were infected.

Latent stem cell-stimulating radially aligned electrospun nanofibrous patches for chronic tympanic membrane perforation therapy.

Chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is a tubotympanic disease caused by either traumatic injury or inflammation. A recent study demonstrated significant progress in promoting the regeneration of chronic TM perforations through the application of nanofibers with radially aligned nanostructures and controlled release of growth factors. However, radially aligned nanostructures with stem cell-stimulating factors have never been used.

Unsuccessful rechallenge with nivolumab in a patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who had a 6-year complete response and treatment-free period: Case report.

Several predictive factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor response have been reported, but there has not been sufficient exploration of which patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge. We report the case of a patient with non-small cell lung cancer who had 6 years of complete response with initial nivolumab treatment. After relapse, however, rechallenge with nivolumab did not result in tumour shrinkage or long-term response.

Baseline genetic abnormalities and effectiveness of osimertinib treatment in patients with chemotherapy-naïve EGFR-mutated NSCLC based on performance status.

Background/aim: For patients treated with osimertinib as first-line therapy, there have been no studies comparing both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to performance status (PS). Furthermore, no studies have examined differences in baseline genetic abnormalities between patients with poor and good PS. Therefore, we aimed to investigate differences in baseline genetic abnormalities and treatment effects between patients with poor and good PS who received osimertinib as the primary treatment.

Characteristics of sphingomyelin metabolism in the MCF7 and BT474 radiotherapy‑resistant HER2‑positive breast cancer cell lines.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer globally in terms of incidence. This cancer is classified into subtypes based on histological or immunological characteristics. HER2-positive cases account for 15-25% of breast cancer cases, and one of the first events in breast carcinogenesis is HER2 upregulation.

Mechanisms of resistance and correlation between pre-treatment co-alterations and p-prognosis to osimertinib in chemo-naïve advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Several patients treated with osimertinib experience progressive disease. The aim was to clarify the mechanisms underlying resistance to osimertinib.

Methods: ELUCIDATOR: A multi-centre, prospective, observational study involved chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving osimertinib.

Exploring predictive molecules of acute adverse events in response to volumetric‑modulated arc therapy for prostate cancer using urinary metabolites.

Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a radiotherapy technique used to treat patients with localized prostate cancer, which is frequently associated with acute adverse events (AEs) that can affect subsequent treatment. Notably, the radiation dose of VMAT can be tailored to each patient. In the present study, a retrospective analysis was performed to predict acute AEs in response to a therapeutic high radiation dose rate based on urinary metabolomic molecules, which are easily collected as noninvasive biosamples.

Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata promoted zebrafish fin regeneration through aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent autophagy.

Headings Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP), a staple in traditional Chinese medicine, is derived from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and is renowned for its wound-healing properties. Despite its clinical prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying RRP's wound-healing effects have not been fully elucidated.

Aim Of The Study: This research endeavored to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RRP on wound healing, utilizing a zebrafish model.

Mannitol versus furosemide in patients with thoracic malignancies who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy using short hydration: A randomized phase II trial.

Background: Mannitol is exclusively recommended in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for diuresis in cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy. The utility of furosemide, a widely used and convenient diuretic, thus requires clarification.

Methods: This is a prospective, single-centered, open-label, noninferiority phase II study.

Changes in cognitive ability and serum microRNA levels during aging in mice.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage that can result in dementia. MCI can be reversed, and diagnosis at an early stage is crucial to control the progression to dementia. Dementia is currently diagnosed based on interviews and screening tests; however, novel biomarkers must be identified to allow early MCI detection.

Machine learning analysis of pathological images to predict 1-year progression-free survival of immunotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer.

Background: In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) could be a promising biomarker for immunotherapy, but objectively evaluating TIME remains challenging. Hence, we aimed to develop a predictive biomarker of immunotherapy efficacy through a machine learning analysis of the TIME.

Methods: We conducted a biomarker analysis in a prospective study of patients with extensive-stage SCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy as the first-line treatment.

Extracellular miRNAs in the serum and feces of mice exposed to high‑dose radiation.

Exposure to high-dose radiation causes life-threatening intestinal damage. Histopathology is the most accurate method of judging the extent of intestinal damage following death. However, it is difficult to predict the extent of intestinal damage.

Examination and comparison of the RNA extraction methods using mouse serum.

Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered useful as non-invasive biomarkers for different diseases. However, the optimal method for extracting RNAs from serum is currently unknown. In the present study, several RNA extraction kits were used to examine the optimal kit.

Analysis of gene expression changes during lipid droplet formation in HepG2 human liver cancer cells.

Fatty liver is a condition of excessive triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. Additionally, hepatocytes exhibit a high degree of fat droplet accumulation during excessive alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in fat droplet formation remain unknown.