Alkaloids Profiling of by Analytical Platforms Based on the Hyphenation of Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Two analytical platforms, gas chromatography (GC) coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and reversed-phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to diode array (DAD) and QTOF detection, were applied in order to study the alkaloid profile of . The use of these mass analyzers enabled tentatively identifying the alkaloids by matching their accurate mass signals and suggested molecular formulae with those previously reported in libraries and databases. Moreover, the proposed structures were corroborated by studying their fragmentation pattern obtained by both platforms.

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey on DNBS-induced colitis in mice.

This study evaluated the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of goat whey in a mouse model of colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid that resembles human IBD. At a concentration of 4 g/kg/day, the goat whey improved the symptoms of intestinal inflammation, namely by decreasing the disease activity index, colonic weight/length, and leukocyte infiltration. Moreover, goat whey inhibited NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and consequently down-regulated the gene expression of various proinflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, iNOS, MMP-9, ICAM-1.

Differential intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in DSS mouse colitis: impact on microRNAs expression and microbiota composition.

Scope: To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition.

Methods And Results: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 × 10 CFU/mouse/day). Both probiotics ameliorated macroscopic colonic damage.

Immunomodulatory properties of Olea europaea leaf extract in intestinal inflammation.

Scope: Extracts from olive (Olea europaea) leaves are used in Mediterranean traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory agents. They contain antioxidant phenolic compounds, such as oleuropeoside, which could be interesting for the treatment of inflammatory conditions associated with oxidative stress in humans, including inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods And Results: The anti-inflammatory effects of olive leaf extract (0.

The hypoglycemic effects of guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) extract are associated with improving endothelial dysfunction in mice with diet-induced obesity.

Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory status that affects vascular function. Previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of Psidium guajava L. (guava) on diabetes.

Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor β/δ Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Protects Kidney in Murine Lupus.

Women with systemic lupus erythematosus exhibit a high prevalence of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and renal injury. We tested whether GW0742, a peroxisome proliferator activator receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) agonist, ameliorates disease activity and cardiovascular complications in a female mouse model of lupus. Thirty-week-old NZBWF1 (lupus) and NZW/LacJ (control) mice were treated with GW0742 or with the PPARβ/δ antagonist GSK0660 plus GW0742 for 5 weeks.

Correlation between the cellular metabolism of quercetin and its glucuronide metabolite and oxidative stress in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Background: Quercetin (Q) is one of the most abundant flavonoids in human dietary sources and has been related to the capacity to ameliorate obesity-related pathologies. Quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (Q3GA) is supposed to be the main metabolite in blood circulation, but the intracellular final effectors for its activity are still unknown.

Hypothesis/purpose: To identify and quantitate the intracellular metabolites in hypertrophied adipocytes incubated with Q or Q3GA and to correlate them with the intracellular generation of oxygen radical species (ROS).

Goat whey ameliorates intestinal inflammation on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.

Complementary or alternative medicine is of great interest for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, with the aim of ameliorating the side effects of the drugs commonly used or improving their efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the ability of goat whey to prevent intestinal inflammation in the experimental model of acetic acid-induced rats and compared it to sulfasalazine. Pretreatment with goat whey (1, 2, and 4g/kg) and sulfasalazine (250mg/kg) on colitic rats improved colonic inflammatory markers, including myeloperoxidase activity, leukotriene B levels, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α.

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of total alkaloid extract from Fumaria capreolata in the DNBS model of mice colitis and intestinal epithelial CMT93 cells.

Background: Fumaria capreolata L. (Papaveraceae) is a botanical drug used in North Africa for its gastro-intestinal and anti-inflammatory properties. It is characterized for the presence of several alkaloids that could be responsible for some of its effects, including an immunomodulatory activity.

Effect of aqueous and particulate silk fibroin in a rat model of experimental colitis.

Silk fibroin (SF) has anti-inflammatory properties and promotes wound healing. Moreover, SF particles act as carriers of active drugs against intestinal inflammation due to their capacity to deliver the compound to the damaged colonic tissue. The present work assesses the effect of SF in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis that resembles human intestinal inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Lavandula dentata L. and Lavandula stoechas L.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Plants from genus Lavandula have been used as anti-inflammatory drugs in Mediterranean traditional medicine. Nowadays, there is a growing interest for complementary medicine, including herbal remedies, to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aim Of The Study: To test the anti-inflammatory properties of Lavandula dentata and Lavandula stoechas extracts in two inflammatory experimental models: TNBS model of rat colitis and the carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, in order to mimic the intestinal conditions and the extra-intestinal manifestations of human IBD, respectively.

High-Throughput Screening Platform for the Discovery of New Immunomodulator Molecules from Natural Product Extract Libraries.

It is widely accepted that central nervous system inflammation and systemic inflammation play a significant role in the progression of chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, neurotropic viral infections, stroke, paraneoplastic disorders, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, it seems reasonable to propose that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs might diminish the cumulative effects of inflammation. Indeed, some epidemiological studies suggest that sustained use of anti-inflammatory drugs may prevent or slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

Risk factor assessment and counselling for 12 months reduces metabolic and cardiovascular risk in overweight or obese patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: The CRESSOB study.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) have been associated with patients with schizophrenia. The main objective is to assess the evolution of CRF and prevalence of MS for 12 months in a cohort of overweight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia schizophreniform disorder or schizoaffective disorder in which the recommendations for the assessment and control of metabolic and cardiovascular risk were applied.

Methods: The Control of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Schizophrenia and Overweight (CRESSOB) study is a 12-month, observational, prospective, open-label, multicentre, naturalistic study including 109 community mental health clinics of Spain.

Increased N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Expression in Amygdala and Perirhinal Cortex during Habituation of Taste Neophobia.

Interactions between GluR2 and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) mediate AMPA receptors trafficking. This might be linked with molecular mechanisms related with memory formation. Previous research has shown basolateral amygdala (BLA) dependent activity changes in the perirhinal cortex (PRh) during the formation of taste memory.

Insights on consciousness from taste memory research.

Taste research in rodents supports the relevance of memory in order to determine the content of consciousness by modifying both taste perception and later action. Associated with this issue is the fact that taste and visual modalities share anatomical circuits traditionally related to conscious memory. This challenges the view of taste memory as a type of non-declarative unconscious memory.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in patients with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls before and after antidepressant treatment: results from a meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in depression.

Data Sources: We searched the literature without language restrictions through MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Fisterra, and Galenicom from database inception until December 31, 2013, supplemented by a hand search of relevant articles. Search terms included (1) oxidative stress, antioxidant*, nitrosative stress, nitrative stress, nitro-oxidative stress, free radical*, and names of individual oxidative stress markers/antioxidants and (2) depression and related disorders and antidepressant.

Botanical Drugs as an Emerging Strategy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review.

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two most common categories of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine that comprises the patients' life quality and requires sustained pharmacological and surgical treatments. Since their aetiology is not completely understood, nonfully efficient drugs have been developed and those that show effectiveness are not devoid of quite important adverse effects that impair their long-term use. Therefore, many patients try with some botanical drugs, which are safe and efficient after many years of use.

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Total Alkaloid Extract from Fumaria capreolata.

Fumaria capreolata is used in traditional medicine in North Africa for its gastrointestinal and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigates the effects of total alkaloids extracted from the aerial parts of Fumaria capreolata (AFC) on LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, and MIP-2) in RAW264.7 cells.

Medication reconciliation at admission and discharge: an analysis of prevalence and associated risk factors.

Introduction: Medication errors are frequent at care transition points and can have serious repercussions. Study objectives were to examine the frequency/type of reconciliation errors at hospital admission and discharge and to report on the drugs involved, associated risk factors and potential to cause harm in a healthcare setting with comprehensive digital health records.

Material And Methods: A prospective observational 2-year study was conducted in the Internal Medicine Department of a regional hospital.

A new therapeutic association to manage relapsing experimental colitis: Doxycycline plus Saccharomyces boulardii.

Immunomodulatory antibiotics have been proposed for the treatment of multifactorial conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Probiotics are able to attenuate intestinal inflammation, being considered as safe when chronically administered. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of doxycycline, a tetracycline with immunomodulatory properties, alone and in association with the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCMI-745.

The viability of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 is not essential to exert intestinal anti-inflammatory properties.

Probiotics have been used as alternative therapies in intestinal inflammatory disorders. Many studies have shown that different bacterial probiotic strains possess immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is an increasing interest in the use of non-viable bacteria to reduce the risk of microbial translocation and infection.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed albumin extracts show anti-inflammatory effect in the DSS model of mouse colitis.

Scope: This study investigates the preventive effects of two pea (Pisum sativum) seed albumin extracts, either in the presence (pea seed extract [PSE]) or absence (albumin fraction from PSE [AF-PSE]) of soluble polysaccharides, in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in mice.

Methods And Results: Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: one noncolitic and four colitic. Colitis was induced by incorporating DSS (3.

Role of Th17 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Human IBD.

The gastrointestinal tract plays a central role in immune system, being able to mount efficient immune responses against pathogens, keeping the homeostasis of the human gut. However, conditions like Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), the main forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), are related to an excessive and uncontrolled immune response against normal microbiota, through the activation of CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells. Classically, IBD was thought to be primarily mediated by Th1 cells in CD or Th2 cells in UC, but it is now known that Th17 cells and their related cytokines are crucial mediators in both conditions.

Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis.

Intestinal microbiota modulation is becoming an interesting approach to manage inflammatory bowel disease and can be achieved by the administration of prebiotics. Previous studies showed the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of the prebiotic lactulose. The aim of the present study was to test the preventative effects of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose with prebiotic properties (OsLu) in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis and compare them with those of lactulose.

[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Spanish patients with schizophrenia and overweight. The CRESSOB Study].

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) (visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension), has become one of the major public-health challenges worldwide. Patients with schizophrenia are more likely to suffer from MS than the general population.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of MS in Spanish patients with schizophrenia and overweight and to compare the best method to calculate the MS prevalence in this population.