Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Vietnamese Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aims to determine the prevalence of OSA in children with ADHD, compare the differences in clinical characteristics between children with ADHD-OSA and those without OSA (ADHD-nonOSA), and to identify the correlation between OSA and ADHD in children.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 524 children with ADHD, aged 6-12 years, at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital from October 2022 to September 2023.

Interpretable machine learning models for COPD ease of breathing estimation.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and greatly reduces the quality of life. Utilizing remote monitoring has been shown to improve quality of life and reduce exacerbations, but remains an ongoing area of research. We introduce a novel method for estimating changes in ease of breathing for COPD patients, using obstructed breathing data collected via wearables.

Altered Intracerebellar Functional Connectivity in Friedreich's Ataxia: A Graph-Theory Functional MRI Study.

Historically, Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA) has been linked to a relatively preserved cerebellar cortex. Recent advances in neuroimaging have revealed altered cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity (FC), but the extent of intra-cerebellar FC changes and their impact on cognition remains unclear. This study investigates intra-cerebellar FC alterations and their cognitive implications in FRDA.

Study of the Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection, includes over 200 types, some linked to genital warts and various cancers, including cervical, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. In Saudi Arabia, an estimated 10.7 million women aged 15 years and older are at risk of HPV-related cervical cancer.

A study on the variation of cytokine and electrolyte levels in rhesus macaques, cynomolgus monkeys, and Assamese macaques.

Background: Non-human primates (NPHs), such as rhesus macaques, cynomolgus monkeys, and Assamese macaques, play a crucial role in biomedical research. However, baseline cytokine and electrolyte data for these three species, particularly data stratified by age and sex, are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish and analyze age- and sex-specific cytokine and electrolyte profiles in these three species.

Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and the True Rate of Functional and Structural Progression in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of average intraocular pressure (IOP) on the true rate of glaucoma progression (RoP) in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS).

Methods: UKGTS participants were randomized to placebo or Latanoprost drops and monitored for up to two years with visual field tests (VF, 24-2 SITA standard), IOP measurements, and optic nerve imaging. We included eyes with at least three structural or functional assessments (VF with <15% false-positive errors).

Increased Incidence of Surgical Intervention for Otitis Media With Effusion Among Patients With Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases.

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is associated with comorbidities such as allergic rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma, and more. Many of these comorbidities can be caused by type 2 inflammation (T2I). This study aims to determine the risk of undergoing OME surgery in patients with and without T2I disease.

PET Imaging of Solid Tumors with a G-Quadruplex-Targeting F-Labeled Peptide Probe.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a common imaging technique and can provide accurate information about the size, shape, and location of tumors. Recent evidence has shown that G-quadruplex structures (G4s) are identified in human oncogenes, and these special structures are recognized as diagnostic cancer markers and drug targets for anticancer therapies. Although a number of techniques for in vivo imaging of G4s have been developed, achieving sufficient sensitivity and selectivity in vivo remains challenging.

Validation Status of Electronic Sphygmomanometers in China: A National Survey.

Background: Although the information on the validation status of electronic sphygmomanometer (ES) devices in use in health care institutions and households is much more clinically relevant than that of ES models available on the market, it remains insufficient.

Methods: A national survey was conducted across all administrative regions of mainland China to assess the validation status of ESs. Fifty-eight cities were selected with stratification by municipality, provincial capital, and other cities, and health care institutions and households in each city were chosen by convenience to identify ES devices in use according to the study protocol.

Exposure Contrasts of Women Aged 40-79 Years during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exposure to household air pollution has been linked to adverse health outcomes among women aged 40-79. Little is known about how shifting from biomass cooking to a cleaner fuel like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) could impact exposures for this population. We report 24-h exposures to particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), and carbon monoxide (CO) among women aged 40 to <80 years participating in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial.

AxonFinder: Automated segmentation of tumor innervating neuronal fibers.

Neurosignaling is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in cancer progression, where neuronal innervation of primary tumors contributes to the disease's advancement. This study focuses on segmenting individual axons within the prostate tumor microenvironment, which have been challenging to detect and analyze due to their irregular morphologies. We present a novel deep learning-based approach for the automated segmentation of axons, AxonFinder, leveraging a U-Net model with a ResNet-101 encoder, based on a multiplexed imaging approach.

Comparative evaluation of two dose-volume histogram prediction tools for treatment planning: Treatment planning quality and dose verification accuracy.

Purpose: This study aims to compare treatment plans created using RapidPlan and PlanIQ for twelve patients with prostate cancer, focusing on dose uniformity, dose reduction to organs at risk (OARs), plan complexity, and dose verification accuracy. The goal is to identify the tool that demonstrates superior performance in achieving uniform target dose distribution and reducing OAR dose, while ensuring accurate dose verification.

Methods: Dose uniformity in the planning target volume, excluding the rectum, and dose reduction in the OARs (the rectum and bladder) were assessed.

Controlling tumor progression and recurrence in mice through combined treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor and a designer strain that delivers GM-CSF.

Combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors blocks inhibitory immune cell signaling and improves clinical responses to anticancer treatments. However, continued development of innovative and controllable delivery systems for immune-stimulating agents is necessary to optimize clinical responses. Herein, we engineered to deliver recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a controllable manner for combination treatment with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor.

Reductive stress-a common metabolic feature of obesity and cancer.

Reductive stress, characterized by rising level of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) for a status of NADH/NAD ratio elevation, has been reported in obesity and cancer. However, the mechanism and significance of reductive stress remain to be established in obesity. This perspective is prepared to address the issue with new insights published recently.

Associations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with neuropsychological outcomes and cerebral white matter hyperintensities in older adults at risk of dementia.

Inflammation is becoming increasingly recognised as a core feature of dementia with evidence indicating that its role may vary and adapt across different stages of the neurodegenerative process. This study aimed to investigate whether the associations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with neuropsychological performance (verbal memory, executive function, processing speed) and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) differed between older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD;  = 179) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI;  = 286). Fasting serum hs-CRP concentrations were grouped into low (<1.

Working toward Personalized Intervention Advice: A Survey Study on Preference Heterogeneity in Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Fatigue.

Unlabelled: Many breast cancer survivors experience cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and several interventions to treat CRF are available. One way to tailor intervention advice is based on patient preferences. In this study, we explore preference heterogeneity regarding between-attribute and within-attribute preferences.

When sng meets acupuncture -- a paradigm-shift biomarker for translational research.

The sensation of sng (pronounced/səŋ/, the Romanization form of or soreness in Taiwanese Southern Min) associated with a composite of unique sensations, is a novel phenotype for acupoint stimulation. It is perceived by test participants but also by experienced practitioners as a sensation of "taking the bait" (by fish when fishing), a characteristic heavy and tight sensation from the needle. Here, we propose that sng is a powerful biomarker for associated with successful manual acupuncture.

Global Perspectives on Returning Genetic Research Results in Parkinson Disease.

Background And Objectives: In the era of precision medicine, genetic test results have become increasingly relevant in the care of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). While large research consortia are performing widespread research genetic testing to accelerate discoveries, debate continues about whether, and to what extent, the results should be returned to patients. Ethically, it is imperative to keep participants informed, especially when findings are potentially actionable.

Exploring Mortality and Prognostic Factors of Heart Failure with In-Hospital and Emergency Patients by Electronic Medical Records: A Machine Learning Approach.

Purpose: As HF progresses into advanced HF, patients experience a poor quality of life, distressing symptoms, intensive care use, social distress, and eventual hospital death. We aimed to investigate the relationship between morality and potential prognostic factors among in-patient and emergency patients with HF.

Patients And Methods: A case series study: Data are collected from in-hospital and emergency care patients from 2014 to 2021, including their international classification of disease at admission, and laboratory data such as blood count, liver and renal functions, lipid profile, and other biochemistry from the hospital's electrical medical records.

Do national cancer control plans address care and research for children, adolescents, and young adults? A review of status, priorities, and recommendations across 41 European countries.

Paediatric cancers, although rare, are the leading cause of disease-related mortality in European children above one year. A key pillar of the European Health Union, Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP) puts a spotlight on childhood cancer. National Cancer Control Plans (NCCPs) have a key role but did not address childhood cancers sufficiently previously.

High‑intensity focused ultrasound thermal ablation boosts the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cancers with liver metastases: A single‑center retrospective cohort study.

High-intensity focused ultrasound thermal ablation (HIFU) is a novel non-invasive technique in the treatment of liver metastases (LIM) that allows focal destruction and is not affected by dose limits. This retrospective study aimed to explore the efficacy of HIFU in improving survival and the safety of the method in newly diagnosed patients with cancer with LIM who received first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Between January 2018 and December 2023, data from 438 newly diagnosed patients with cancer and LIM who were treated at Mianyang Central Hospital (Mianyang, China) were reviewed.

Trends in Total Antioxidant Status and Other Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-control Study.

Objectives: Owing to the existing evidence of the implication of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the present study aims to investigate the correlation of serum total antioxidant status (TAS) with comorbidities, various biochemical parameters, and duration of T2DM. Various factors contributing to disease prevalence and trends in other biochemical parameters are assessed.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of 246 patients with T2DM whose data were retrieved from the Proficiency Health Diagnostic Lab System in Al Ain.

Freeze-dried plasma: Hemostasis and biophysical analyses for damage control resuscitation.

Background: Effective hemorrhage protocols prioritize immediate hemostatic resuscitation to manage hemorrhagic shock. Prehospital resuscitation using blood products, such as whole blood or alternatively dried plasma in its absence, has the potential to improve outcomes in hemorrhagic shock patients. However, integrating blood products into prehospital care poses substantial logistical challenges due to issues with storage, transport, and administration in field environments.