The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Sustained Weight Loss Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in weight regain or suboptimal weight loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Materials And Methods: The gut microbiota composition in post-RYGB patients who experienced successful weight loss (SWL, n = 6), post-RYGB patients who experienced poor weight loss (PWL, n = 6), and non-surgical controls (NSC, n = 6) who were age- and BMI-matched to the SWL group (NSC, n = 6) were characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To further investigate the impact of the gut microbiota on weight profile, human fecal samples were transplanted into antibiotic-treated mice.

Relationships between eating disorder-specific and transdiagnostic risk factors for binge eating: An integrative moderated mediation model of emotion regulation, anticipatory reward, and expectancy.

Although relationships between negative affect, emotion dysregulation, and binge eating have been well-established, the mechanisms and individual risk factors that account for this relationship have yet to be elucidated. In addition to emotion dysregulation, altered reward functioning and negative affect eating expectancies (i.e.

Human interaction in the NICU and its association with outcomes on the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA).

Background: Extremely preterm infants represent one of the highest risk categories for impairments in social competence. Few studies have explored the impact of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment on social development. However, none have specifically analyzed the effects of the care structure the infant receives during hospitalization on later social competence indicators.

Establishing a pragmatic framework to optimise health outcomes in heart failure and multimorbidity (ARISE-HF): A multidisciplinary position statement.

Background: Multimorbidity in heart failure (HF), defined as HF of any aetiology and multiple concurrent conditions that require active management, represents an emerging problem within the ageing HF patient population worldwide.

Methods: To inform this position paper, we performed: 1) an initial review of the literature identifying the ten most common conditions, other than hypertension and ischaemic heart disease, complicating the management of HF (anaemia, arrhythmias, cognitive dysfunction, depression, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, renal dysfunction, respiratory disease, sleep disorders and thyroid disease) and then 2) a review of the published literature describing the association between HF with each of the ten conditions. From these data we describe a clinical framework, comprising five key steps, to potentially improve historically poor health outcomes in this patient population.

Correlates of quality of life in rural patients with heart failure.

Background: There is abundant research indicating poor physical, psychological, and social functioning of patients with chronic heart failure (HF), a reality that can lead to poor health-related quality of life (QoL). Little is known about the experience of rural patients with HF.

Methods And Results: This study was part of a randomized clinical trial titled Rural Education to Improve Outcomes in Heart Failure (REMOTE-HF) designed to test an education and counseling intervention to improve self-care in patients with HF.

Hardcore smokers: what do we know?

Aims: The existence of smokers who are resistant to smoking cessation treatment has long been noted in the literature. There has been ongoing debate as to whether the proportion of these smokers is increasing as smoking prevalence rates stagnate. Studies define hardcore smokers inconsistently and within the context of specific illnesses, addiction, population, and/or theoretical paradigms.