Momentary skills use predicts decreased binge eating and purging early in day treatment: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Objective: Emerging research indicates that skills acquisition may be important to behavior change in cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for eating disorders. This study investigated whether skills use assessed in real time during the initial 4 weeks of CBT-based day treatment was associated with momentary eating disorder behavior change and rapid response to treatment.

Methods: Participants with DSM-5 bulimia nervosa or purging disorder (N = 58) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) several times daily for the first 28 days of treatment.

Prospective associations between cognitive flexibility and eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

This study investigated concurrent and prospective associations between measures of reversal learning and attentional set-shifting and eating disorder symptoms at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months among individuals with anorexia nervosa restricting subtype (AN-R, n = 26), AN binge eating/purging subtype (AN-BP, n = 22), bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 35), and healthy controls (n = 27), and explored whether these associations differed by diagnosis. At baseline, participants completed diagnostic interviews, height/weight measurements, and measures of set-shifting (the Intradimensional/Extradimensional shift task) and reversal learning (a probabilistic reversal learning task). At 3- and 6-month follow-up, participants with eating disorders completed assessments of weight and eating disorder symptoms.

The Impact of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act on the Gap Between American Indians and Whites in Breast Cancer Management and Prognosis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) death rates in the USA have not significantly declined for American Indians (AIs) in comparison to Whites. Our objective was to determine whether Medicaid Expansion as part of the Affordable Care Act led to improved BC outcomes for AIs relative to Whites.

Patients And Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study.

Assessment and treatment of compulsive exercise in anorexia nervosa - A combined investigation of Compulsive Exercise Activity Therapy (LEAP) and Compulsive Exercise Test subscales.

Introduction: Compulsive exercise is a transdiagnostic feature of eating disorders which adversely affects aspects of recovery, such as length of hospitalisation, risk of a chronic outcome, and risk of relapse. CompuLsive Exercise Activity TheraPy (LEAP) aims to reduce compulsive exercise through a cognitive behavioural approach. This study aims to investigate the effect of LEAP on compulsive exercise behaviour using subscales of the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET), a measure of exercise in individuals with eating disorders.

Evaluating dietary restriction as a maintaining factor in binge-eating disorder.

Objective: Prominent theories of binge-eating (BE) maintenance highlight dietary restriction as a key precipitant of BE episodes. Consequently, treatment approaches for eating disorders (including binge-eating disorder; BED) seek to reduce dietary restriction in order to improve BE symptoms. The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary restriction promotes BE among 112 individuals with BED.

Evaluation of an online modular eating disorders training (PreparED) to prepare healthcare trainees: a survey study.

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are serious, complex disorders for which broad-based clinical training is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a free, brief, web-based curriculum, PreparED, in increasing comfort and confidence with, and knowledge about EDs in healthcare trainees, and to obtain program feedback from key stakeholders (i.e.

Managing the common problem of co-occurring mental health conditions in eating disorders: A commentary on Wade et al. (2023).

It is well known that individuals with an eating disorder frequently experience a wide range of co-occurring mental health conditions which significantly impact eating disorders and quality of life. Clinicians attempt a variety of strategies to deal with the behavioral complexity of such co-occurrence, but little is known about empirically based interventions to treat this common comorbidity. The approach articulated by Wade and Colleagues highlights a potentially valuable strategy for empirically examining a range of treatment strategies to target the full spectrum of eating disorder psychopathology experienced by most patients with eating disorders.

Back to the future: Progressing memory research in eating disorders.

Objective: Human behaviors, thoughts, and emotions are guided by memories of the past. Thus, there can be little doubt that memory plays a fundamental role in the behaviors (e.g.

Longer-Term Weight Loss Outcomes Are Not Primarily Driven by Diet Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective long-term treatment for Class III obesity. Reduced dietary intake is considered a behavioral driver of post-surgical weight loss, but limited data have examined this association. Therefore, this study examined prospective, longitudinal relationships between dietary intake and weight loss over 24 months following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Causal discovery analysis: A promising tool in advancing precision medicine for eating disorders.

Objective: Precision medicine (i.e., individually tailored treatments) represents an optimal goal for treating complex psychiatric disorders, including eating disorders.

Differences in Breast Cancers Among American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Whites in the USA.

Importance: Breast cancer (BC) death rates have not improved for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women, whereas, it has significantly decreased for non-Hispanic White (White) women.

Objective: Delineate the differences in patient and tumor characteristics among AI/AN and Whites with BC, and its impact on age and stage at diagnosis as well as overall survival (OS).

Methods: Hospital-based, cohort study using the National Cancer Database to identify female AI/AN and Whites diagnosed with BC between the years 2004 and 2016.

Daily self-weighing compared with an active control causes greater negative affective lability in emerging adult women: A randomized trial.

Age-related weight gain prevention may reduce population overweight/obesity. Emerging adulthood is a crucial time to act, as rate of gain accelerates and health habits develop. Evidence supports self-weighing (SW) for preventing weight gain; however, how SW impacts psychological states and behaviors in vulnerable groups is unclear.

Ecological momentary assessment of mood regulation eating expectancies in eating disorders: Convergent and predictive validity.

Objective: Eating expectancies (EE) are the anticipation of various benefits or detriments from eating, with mood regulation being a salient type of EE associated with eating disorders. This study examined the convergent and predictive validity of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) mood regulation EE items, including mood improvement and mood worsening EE.

Methods: Thirty women with binge-eating pathology completed a 14-day EMA protocol, which included measures of mood regulation EE, affect, appetite, appearance- and body-related factors and disordered-eating behaviours.

Associations Between Changes in Activity and Dietary Behaviors after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

Introduction: Patients who undergo metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are advised to make healthy activity and dietary changes. While previous research has examined post-surgical changes in activity and dietary behaviors separately, no study has assessed whether changes in these behaviors are beneficially associated with each other. We evaluated whether post-surgical improvements in activity behaviors related to favorable changes in dietary behaviors overall and by surgery type (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB], sleeve gastrectomy [SG]).

Examining the role of craving in affect regulation models of binge eating: Evidence from an ecological momentary assessment study.

Affect regulation models hypothesize that aversive affective states drive binge-eating behavior, which serves to regulate unpleasant emotions. Research using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) demonstrates that increases in guilt most strongly predict subsequent binge-eating episodes, raising the question: why would individuals with binge-eating pathology engage in a binge-eating episode when they feel guilty? Food craving is a robust predictor of binge eating and is commonly associated with subsequent feelings of guilt. The current study used EMA to test the hypothesis that food craving may promote increased feelings of guilt, which then predict an increased risk of binge eating within a sample of 109 individuals with binge-eating disorder.

Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity and Shape and Weight Concerns Among Youth With Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Exploratory Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

A bidirectional association between shape and weight concerns (SWC) and physical activity (PA) has been previously documented. This relationship may be particularly salient among youth with overweight/obesity, given that social marginalization of larger bodies has been associated with elevated SWC and barriers to PA. This pilot study explores reciprocal relationships between momentary SWC and accelerometer-assessed PA behavior.

Examining the momentary relationships between body checking and eating disorder symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa.

Body checking is common among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and increases risk for dietary restriction. However, no study has examined whether body checking increases the immediate risk for engaging in other harmful weight loss behaviors, or whether this relationship is moderated by person-level traits. The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine whether (a) body checking predicted rapid use of weight loss behaviors, and (b) whether eating-related obsessionality/compulsivity moderated this relationship.

Time-of-day and day-of-week patterns of binge eating and relevant psychological vulnerabilities in binge-eating disorder.

Objective: The present study sought to characterize the temporal patterns of binge eating and theorized maintenance factors among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED).

Method: Ecological momentary assessment of 112 individuals and mixed-effects models were used to characterize the within- and between-day temporal patterns of eating behaviors (binge eating, loss of control only eating, and overeating only), positive and negative affect, emotion regulation difficulty, and food craving.

Results: Risk for binge eating and overeating only was highest around 5:30 p.

Reliability and stability of oddball P300 amplitude in older adults: The role of stimulus sequence effects.

The P300 may be an individual difference marker of neuro-cognitive function, which due to age-related cognitive decline may be particularly useful in older adults. Recently, we reported effects of the local stimulus sequence in an oddball task (i.e.

Pre-associative item encoding influences associative memory: Behavioral and ERP evidence.

It is unknown whether the manner with which an item is encoded in isolation, immediately before it is encoded into an inter-inter association, influences associative memory. We therefore presented the items of to-be-encoded associative pairings sequentially and manipulated how each first item of a pair was encoded (before associative encoding could begin). Furthermore, we recorded ERPs during memory encoding to investigate the neurocognitive processes that might relate pre-associative item encoding to subsequent associative memory performance.

Integrating aspects of affect, reward, and cognition to develop more comprehensive models of binge-eating pathology.

Reward-related processes are an increasing focus of eating disorders research. Although evidence suggests that numerous distinct reward processes may contribute to eating pathology (e.g.