Neural Mechanism of Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Enhance Visual Working Memory in Elderly Individuals With Subjective Cognitive Decline.

Visual working memory (VWM), the core process inherent to many advanced cognitive processes, deteriorates with age. Elderly individuals usually experience defects in the processing of VWM. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is a key structure for the top-down control of working memory processes.

Short leukocyte telomeres predict 25-year Alzheimer's disease incidence in non-APOE ε4-carriers.

Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been shown to predict Alzheimer's disease (AD), albeit inconsistently. Failing to account for the competing risks between AD, other dementia types, and mortality, can be an explanation for the inconsistent findings in previous time-to-event analyses. Furthermore, previous studies indicate that the association between LTL and AD is non-linear and may differ depending on apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carriage, the strongest genetic AD predictor.

Determinants of willingness to accept kidney transplantation among chronic kidney disease patients in Ghana.

Background: The burden of chronic kidney disease in Africa is three to four times higher compared to high-income countries and the cost of treatment is beyond the reach of most affected persons. The best treatment for end stage renal disease is kidney transplantation which is not available in most African countries. As kidney transplantation surgery is emerging in Ghana, this study assessed factors which could influence the willingness of patients with chronic kidney disease to accept it as a mode of treatment.

Lipid-injured hepatocytes release sOPN to improve macrophage migration via CD44 engagement and pFak-NFκB signaling.

Background: The key characteristics in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are hepatic lipotoxicity, inflammatory cell infiltration (activated macrophages, in part), and varying degrees of fibrosis. The fatty acid palmitate (PA) can cause hepatocyte cellular dysfunction, but whether and how this process contributes to macrophage-associated inflammation is not well understood. This study aimed to explore whether lipid-injured hepatocytes result in the secretion of osteopontin (sOPN), and how sOPN induces macrophage migration to steatosis hepatocytes.

Willingness to pay for kidney transplantation among chronic kidney disease patients in Ghana.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end stage renal disease. However, it is largely unavailable in many sub-Sahara African countries including Ghana. In Ghana, treatment for end stage renal disease including transplantation, is usually financed out-of-pocket.

Short Leukocyte Telomeres, But Not Telomere Attrition Rates, Predict Memory Decline in the 20-Year Longitudinal Betula Study.

Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a proposed biomarker for aging-related disorders, including cognitive decline and dementia. Long-term longitudinal studies measuring intra-individual changes in both LTL and cognitive outcomes are scarce, precluding strong conclusions about a potential aging-related relationship between LTL shortening and cognitive decline. This study investigated associations between baseline levels and longitudinal changes in LTL and memory performance across an up to 20-year follow-up in 880 dementia-free participants from a population-based study (mean baseline age: 56.

Cognitive Performance and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies.

Background: We have previously shown that older adults with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had slightly worse performance in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) than participants without preclinical AD pathology.

Objective: We therefore aimed to compare performance on neurocognitive tests in a population-based sample of 70-year-olds with and without CSF AD pathology.

Methods: The sample was derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden.

FoxO6 inhibits melanogenesis partly by elevating intracellular antioxidant capacity.

Of the various transcription factors that play a role in controlling oxidative stress, the role of FoxO proteins in skin aging has recently become of interest. Unlike other FoxOs, FoxO6 remains in the nucleus due to the lack of nuclear export signal, so that it may respond sensitively to intracellular stimuli for the induction of target genes. However, the role of FoxO6 in melanogenesis and its related signaling pathways are unclear.

Association of combined engagement in cognitive and physical activity with domain-specific cognitive function: The Shanghai Aging Study.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of the combined engagement in cognitive activity (CA) and physical activity (PA) with domain-specific cognition in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: We analysed data from 3192 dementia-free participants aged ≥50 years in the Shanghai Aging Study. CA was assessed using Shanghai Cognitive Activities Scale.

What are the sociodemographic and gender determinants of non-fatal self-harm in older adult users and non-users of antidepressants? A national population-based study.

Background: Late-life self-harm (SH) is often linked to depression. However, very few studies have explored the role of other factors and their interaction with depression in the occurrence of late-life SH. The objective of this research was to examine sociodemographic and gender factors associated with non-fatal SH, in older adults with and without antidepressant therapy.

Clinical characteristics of perivascular space and brain CT perfusion in stroke-free patients with intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis of different extents.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of perivascular space (PVS) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in stroke-free patients with intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis of different extents.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-two patients received carotid artery ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cranial computed tomography angiography (CTA) and computed tomography perfusion (CTP). PVS was scored.

The effect of air pollution on children's migration with parents: evidence from China.

Population migration and air pollution are inevitable problems in the process of urbanisation. With the continuous advancement of urbanisation, the trends in family migration have become more prominent, and children's migration with parents has become an important indicator reflecting the speed, structure, and quality of urbanisation. Our analysis relies on data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey to estimate the effect of air pollution on children's migration with parents.

Using Walk-Along Interviews to Identify Environmental Factors Influencing Older Adults' Out-of-Home Behaviors in a High-Rise, High-Density Neighborhood.

Older adults' out-of-home behaviors (OOHBs) are critical for maintaining health and quality of life. Taking Singapore's Yuhua East as a case, this study applied a qualitative approach to explore what neighborhood environmental factors influence older adults' OOHBs. Twelve older adults were recruited for walk-along interviews through the use of purposeful convenience sampling.

Analysis of correlation between cerebral perfusion and KIM score of white matter lesions in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize white matter lesions (WMLs) and regional cerebral perfusion, and evaluate their correlations with cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Patient And Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight patients with AD (AD group) and 75 subjects without AD (control group) were recruited. The medical information was collected from each subject.

Was it worth it? Older adults' experiences of participating in a population-based cohort study - a focus group study.

Background: At present, we know relatively little about priorities and problems with topics that older adults experience when completing different examinations in longitudinal population-based studies. To examine these topics, research must be adapted to investigate the meanings, motivations, and interpretations of the individual participants themselves. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore older adults' motives, understandings and experiences regarding participating in the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H-70 study).

Evidence for age-related changes in sensorimotor neuromagnetic responses during cued button pressing in a large open-access dataset.

Mu, beta, and gamma rhythms increase and decrease in amplitude during movement. This event-related synchronization (ERS) and desynchronization (ERD) can be readily recorded non-invasively using magneto- and electro-encephalography (M/EEG). In addition, event-related potentials and fields (i.

Bone mineral density in lifelong trained male football players compared with young and elderly untrained men.

Purpose: The purpose of the present controlled cross-sectional study was to investigate proximal femur and whole-body bone mineral density (BMD), as well as bone turnover profile, in lifelong trained elderly male football players and young elite football players compared with untrained age-matched men.

Methods: One hundred and forty healthy, non-smoking men participated in the study, including lifelong trained football players (FTE,  = 35) aged 65-80 years, elite football players (FTY,  = 35) aged 18-30 years, as well as untrained age-matched elderly (UE,  = 35) and young (UY,  = 35) men. All participants underwent a regional dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan of the proximal femur and a whole-body DXA scan to determine BMD.

Axonal degeneration induced by glutamate excitotoxicity is mediated by necroptosis.

Neuronal excitotoxicity induced by glutamate leads to cell death and functional impairment in a variety of central nervous system pathologies. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity triggers neuronal apoptosis in the cell soma as well as degeneration of axons and dendrites by a process associated with Ca increase and mitochondrial dysfunction. Importantly, degeneration of axons initiated by diverse stimuli, including excitotoxicity, has been proposed as an important pathological event leading to functional impairment in neurodegenerative conditions.

Retrograde Degenerative Signaling Mediated by the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Requires p150 Deacetylation by Axonal HDAC1.

During development, neurons undergo apoptosis if they do not receive adequate trophic support from tissues they innervate or when detrimental factors activate the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) at their axon ends. Trophic factor deprivation (TFD) or activation of p75NTR in distal axons results in a retrograde degenerative signal. However, the nature of this signal and the regulation of its transport are poorly understood.

High-intensity intermittent "5-10-15" running reduces body fat, and increases lean body mass, bone mineral density, and performance in untrained subjects.

The present study examined the effect of intense intermittent running with 5 s sprints on body composition, fitness level, and performance in untrained subjects aged 36-53 years. For 7 weeks, the subjects carried out 3 days a week 5-10-15 training consisting of 3-9 blocks of 4 repetitions of 15, 10, and 5 s low-, moderate-, and high-speed running, respectively. Body fat mass was 4.

Vascular cognitive impairment.

The term vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) was introduced around the start of the new millennium and refers to the contribution of vascular pathology to any severity of cognitive impairment, ranging from subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Although vascular pathology is common in elderly individuals with cognitive decline, pure vascular dementia (that is, dementia caused solely by vascular pathology) is uncommon. Indeed, most patients with vascular dementia also have other types of pathology, the most common of which is Alzheimer disease (specifically, the diffuse accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau).

Bone turnover, calcium homeostasis, and vitamin D status in Danish vegans.

Background/objectives: A vegan diet has been associated with increased bone fracture risk, but the physiology linking nutritional exposure to bone metabolism has only been partially elucidated. This study investigated whether a vegan diet is associated with increased bone turnover and altered calcium homeostasis due to insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D.

Subjects/methods: Fractionated and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)-D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and four bone turnover markers (osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX)) were measured in serum from 78 vegans and 77 omnivores.

Update on Molecular Imaging in Parkinson's Disease.

Advances in radionuclide tracers have allowed for more accurate imaging that reflects the actions of numerous neurotransmitters, energy metabolism utilization, inflammation, and pathological protein accumulation. All of these achievements in molecular brain imaging have broadened our understanding of brain function in Parkinson's disease (PD). The implementation of molecular imaging has supported more accurate PD diagnosis as well as assessment of therapeutic outcome and disease progression.