Increasing the amount of attached gingiva using a modified apically repositioned flap.

The purpose of this study is to describe a modification in the apically repositioned flap technique. Unlike the original technique, this technique preserves the marginal gingiva thus avoiding the risk of recession. It is recommended in cases where an increase in attached gingiva is desired.

Achieving cost-effective endoluminal aneurysm repair.

Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms has emerged as a viable alternative to open surgical repair. This procedure will be demanded by physicians and patients because of its lower morbidity and faster recovery. However, its eventual role in the management of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm is likely to be further defined by cost concerns.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: a 6-year comparison of endovascular versus transabdominal repair.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) will result in a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity rates and cost when compared with open transabdominal repair.

Summary Background Data: Since the introduction of endovascular repair of AAA this decade, multiple groups have evaluated different endovascular grafts. Despite the excellent results reported initially, there has been a paucity of well-controlled, comparative studies looking at long-term outcome.

The reductive metabolism of nitric oxide in hepatocytes: possible interaction with thiols.

Nitric oxide (NO) is both an endogenously generated species and the active species released from a variety of important drugs. Due to its endogenous generation and use as a therapeutic agent, the metabolism and fate of NO is of interest and concern. To date, most attention regarding the metabolism and fate of NO has been paid to its oxidized metabolites.

Haemodynamic changes in human masseter and temporalis muscles induced by different levels of isometric contraction.

This study evaluated the influence of low contraction forces on intramuscular haemodynamics in human masseter and temporalis using near-infrared tissue spectroscopy. This method allowed the intramuscular haemoglobin (Hb) to be assessed dynamically before, during and after a 5, 15, 25 and 100% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Twenty volunteers, 10 males and 10 females, without pain or dysfunction in the masticatory system were included in this study.

HTLV-I-associated myelopathy following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

A 39-year-old polytransfused patient with aplastic anemia acquired transfusion-associated HTLV-I infection shortly before transplantation. The patient underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and developed HTLV-I associated myelopathy 3 years later. Clinical abnormalities and a host of atypical findings are presented in the context of previous reports describing uncommon features of the disease.

Stapedectomy for far-advanced otosclerosis.

Objective: This study aimed to describe far-advanced otosclerosis and to present the authors' results with stapedectomy in 78 ears with far-advanced otosclerosis.

Study Design: The study design was a retrospective case review.

Setting: The study was conducted at an Otology/Neurotology tertiary referral center.

Nitric Oxide: A Unique Endogenous Signaling Molecule in Vascular Biology (Nobel Lecture).

"Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) must be nitric oxide." Although there was much experimental evidence that effects on or actions of EDRF were identical to those of nitric oxide, proposing this hypothesis certainly meant going out on a limb. However, once this discovery was made increased investigation indicated the physiological significance of nitric oxide in vascular biology.

Three-dimensional helical CT of pulmonary arteries in infants and children with congenital heart disease.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine the value of three-dimensional reconstructed helical CT in the assessment of the pulmonary arteries in infants and children with complex congenital heart disease.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients were examined with contrast-enhanced helical CT. Three-dimensional reconstructions were performed with multiplanar reformations, maximum intensity projection, and shaded-surface display.

Reaction of organic nitrate esters and S-nitrosothiols with reduced flavins: a possible mechanism of bioactivation.

Organic nitrate esters, such as glyceryl trinitrate and isosorbide dinitrate, are a class of compounds used to treat a variety of vascular ailments. Their effectiveness relies on their ability to be bioactivated to nitric oxide (NO) which, in turn, relaxes vascular smooth muscle. Although there have been many biological studies that indicate that NO can be formed from organic nitrate esters in a biological environment, the chemical mechanism by which this occurs has yet to be established.

Herpesvirus 8 inclusions in primary effusion lymphoma: report of a unique case with T-cell phenotype.

We describe a case of primary effusion lymphoma with T-cell phenotype, mixed genotype, and intranuclear herpesvirus inclusions visible with the light microscope. Cells were studied by immunohistochemical analysis, in situ hybridization, immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement, and polymerase chain reaction. Primary effusion lymphoma cells with T-cell phenotype revealed herpesvirus 8 inclusions predominantly seen in apoptotic cells, suggesting that productive viral infection is associated with cell death.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with renal allografts.

Aortic reconstruction is being reported in an increasing number of patients after renal transplantation as a result of improved renal graft survival and life expectancy. Aortic surgery in these patients places the pelvic allograft at risk for ischemic damage. We present two separate modalities that have been successfully used in protecting the renal transplant from prolonged warm ischemia during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair in two cases.

Differential response of fast hindlimb extensor and flexor muscles to exercise in adult spinalized cats.

Adult cats were spinal transected (T12-13) and maintained for approximately 6 months. Spinal cats were either not trained (N-T) or trained for 30 min/day to either step on a treadmill (Stp-T) or stand (Std-T). Spinalization resulted in a decrease in the mass and maximum tension potential of the medial gastrocnemius (MG), a fast ankle extensor.

The lag of cerebral hemodynamics with rapidly alternating periodic stimulation: modeling for functional MRI.

A mathematical model that characterizes the response of venous oxygenation to changes in cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and oxygen consumption has been previously presented. We use this model to examine the dampening phenomenon in functional MRI (fMRI) signals with rapidly alternating periodic stimulation bursts. Using a mass balance approach, the equations for an input-output model are derived and solved using Matlab (the Math Works Inc.

Carotid artery repair for radiation-associated atherosclerosis is a safe and durable procedure.

Objective: The development of carotid atherosclerosis after neck irradiation is well documented. There has been concern about the safety and durability of carotid artery repair through a radiated field. The objective of this report is to describe the immediate and long-term results of a series of cases collected in a 13-year interval.

A longitudinal cephalometric study of postorthodontic craniofacial changes.

Although the orthodontist focuses great efforts on diagnosis and treatment of the patient, less attention is paid to posttreatment changes that occur because of relapse and continued growth, especially over the long term. This cephalometric study describes 36 patients who were recalled x = 5.5 years after treatment and again x = 14.

The economic impact of esophageal variceal hemorrhage: cost-effectiveness implications of endoscopic therapy.

Esophageal variceal hemorrhage (EVH) is a serious and expensive sequela of chronic liver disease, leading to increased utilization of resources. Today, endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) and endoscopic ligation (EL) are the accepted, community standards of endoscopic treatment of patients with EVH. However, there are no published studies comparing the economic costs of treating EVH using these interventions.

Randomized controlled studies of injection Gold Probes compared with monotherapies for hemostasis of bleeding canine gastric ulcers.

Background: There is a significant interest in combination therapy using endoscopic epinephrine injection and thermal coagulation for nonvariceal hemostasis. The purpose of the study was to compare the relative effectiveness, ease of use, and safety of new Injection Gold Probes to other hemostasis techniques in three randomized, controlled laboratory studies of bleeding canine gastric ulcers.

Methods: Fifteen dogs with prehepatic portal hypertension were heparinized and bleeding gastric ulcers were induced with jumbo biopsy forceps.

Misrepresentation of research citations among medical school faculty applicants.

Purpose: A descriptive study of bibliographic misrepresentations by applicants to medical school faculty positions.

Method: The authors reviewed 250 1995 faculty applicant bibliographies from eight medical institutions, representing six medical specialities. Using computerized library database searches or direct retrieval, they evaluated the legitimacy of each journal, abstract, and book citation.

Common applications of electrophysiology (EEG) in the past and today: the technologist's view.

The field of electroencephalography (EEG) has witnessed a dramatic development during the last decade. The electroencephalogram that had been principally used as a 'post-hoc' diagnostic procedure is now fully used as an 'on-line' monitor of neural function with its excellent temporal resolution. Neurophysiological monitoring in the operating room, neurological intensive care unit (ICU) and during endovascular procedures allows early identification of impending neurological deficits before irreversible neurological impairment.

Lower extremity vascular reconstruction and endovascular surgery without preoperative angiography.

Background: Recent studies have shown the feasibility of performing lower extremity revascularization based on noninvasive vascular studies alone.

Methods: We undertook a prospective study of patients with lower extremity ischemia who underwent revascularization without preoperative angiography. Preoperative evaluation was done with noninvasive studies including segmental pressures, ankle arm index, duplex scan, and selective use of magnetic resonance angiography.