96 results match your criteria: "Center Farmington[Affiliation]"

Deep ultraviolet (DUV)-treatment is an efficient method for the removal of high-energy-barrier polymeric or aliphatic organic ligands from nanomaterials. Regardless of morphology and material, the treatment can be used for nanoparticles, nanowires, and even nanosheets. The high-energy photon irradiation from low-pressure mercury lamps or radio frequency (RF) discharge excimer lamps could enhance the electrical conductivity of various nanomaterial matrixes, such as Ag nanoparticles, BiSe nanosheets, and Ag nanowires, with the aliphatic alkyl chained ligand (oleylamine; OAm) and polymeric ligand (polyvinyl pyrrolidone; PVP) as surfactants.

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Objective: Studies have addressed the potential involvement of L-12/15-lipoxygenases (LOs), a polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolizing enzyme, in experimental models of acute stroke and chronic neurodegeneration; however, none to our knowledge has explored its role in epilepsy development. Thus, this study characterizes the cell-specific expression of L-12/15 -LO in the brain and examines its contribution to epileptogenesis.

Methods: L-12/15-LO messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression and activity were characterized via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunocytochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.

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Background: Bupropion (BUP) has a potential to be an effective pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy stimulates placental carbonyl reductases that catalyze the biotransformation of BUP. 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent carcinogen of cigarette smoke.

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Article Synopsis
  • Chromosome 15q11-q13.1 duplication is a common genetic variation linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mostly inherited from the mother, and often results in ASD.* -
  • The study investigates a family with a unique maternal duplication and somatic mosaicism, where the mother shows mild ASD and has a rare case of unilateral renal carcinoma, along with congenital anomalies.* -
  • The research findings indicate that the mother has varying degrees of the duplication in different tissues and suggest a potential growth advantage linked to this specific duplication in her case, which may not apply broadly to others with the same genetic variation.*
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Background: A long sought goal in medical genetics has been the replacement of invasive procedures for the detection of chromosomal aneuploidies by isolating and analyzing fetal cells or free fetal DNA from maternal blood, avoiding risk to the fetus. However, a rapid, simple, consistent, and low-cost procedure suitable for routine clinical practice has not yet been achieved. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of predicting fetal aneuploidy by applying our recently established dual-probe FISH protocol to fetal cells isolated and enriched from maternal blood.

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Abolishing the inhibitory signal of intracellular cAMP is a prerequisite for effector T (Teff) cell function. The regulation of cAMP within leukocytes critically depends on its degradation by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). We have previously shown that PDE8A, a PDE isoform with 40-100-fold greater affinity for cAMP than PDE4, is selectively expressed in Teff vs.

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Biologic therapies for psoriasis are associated with loss of response over time. Immunogenicity, suboptimal dosing, low serum drug levels, and intermittent or episodic therapy have been documented as explanations for this phenomenon. Use of an immunomodulatory agent can reduce the risk of immunogenicity and improve clinical response.

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Among the newer medications for treating psoriasis are the interleukin-17A inhibitor secukinumab and the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast. Secukinumab offers a level of efficacy greater than that of the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor adalimumab. Apremilast is associated with lower levels of efficacy than the biologic therapies for psoriasis.

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Several metagenomic projects have been accomplished or are in progress. However, in most cases, it is not feasible to generate complete genomic assemblies of species from the metagenomic sequencing of a complex environment. Only a few studies have reported the reconstruction of bacterial genomes from complex metagenomes.

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Purpose: A probable case of doxycycline-induced pancreatitis is reported.

Summary: A 51-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with a one-week history of extreme fatigue, malaise, and confusion. Three days earlier he had been started on empirical doxycycline therapy for presumed Lyme disease; he was taking no other medications at the time of admission.

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Adolescent development of context-dependent stimulus-reward association memory and its neural correlates.

Front Hum Neurosci

November 2015

Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA ; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA.

Expression of learned stimulus-reward associations based on context is essential for regulation of behavior to meet situational demands. Contextual regulation improves during development, although the developmental progression of relevant neural and cognitive processes is not fully specified. We therefore measured neural correlates of flexible, contextual expression of stimulus-reward associations in pre/early-adolescent children (ages 9-13 years) and young adults (ages 19-22 years).

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Sensory hair cells are specialized mechanotransductive receptors required for hearing and vestibular function. Loss of hair cells in humans and other mammals is permanent and causes reduced hearing and balance. In the early 1980's, it was shown that hair cells continue to be added to the inner ear sensory epithelia in cartilaginous and bony fishes.

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Hereditary ataxia, or motor incoordination, affects approximately 150,000 Americans and hundreds of thousands of individuals worldwide with onset from as early as mid-childhood. Affected individuals exhibit dysarthria, dysmetria, action tremor, and diadochokinesia. In this review, we consider an array of computational studies derived from experimental observations relevant to human neuropathology.

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A suite of models was developed to study the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Several SCAs are linked to reduced abundance of IP3R1 or to supranormal sensitivity of the receptor to activation by its ligand inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Detailed multidimensional models have been created to simulate biochemical calcium signaling and membrane electrophysiology in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

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Combined optogenetics and voltage sensitive dye imaging at single cell resolution.

Front Cell Neurosci

October 2014

Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel Basel, Switzerland ; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Japan.

Information processing in the central nervous system makes use of densely woven networks of neurons with complex dendritic and axonal arborizations. Studying signaling in such a network requires precise control over the activity of specific neurons and an understanding how the synaptic signals are integrated. We established a system using a recently published red-shifted voltage sensitive dye in slices from mice expressing channelrhodopsin (Ch) in GABAergic neurons.

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SPINY NEURONS OF AMYGDALA, STRIATUM, AND CEREBRAL CORTEX SHARE FOUR INTERESTING FEATURES: (1) they are the most abundant cell type within their respective brain area, (2) covered by thousands of thorny protrusions (dendritic spines), (3) possess high levels of dendritic NMDA conductances, and (4) experience sustained somatic depolarizations in vivo and in vitro (UP states). In all spiny neurons of the forebrain, adequate glutamatergic inputs generate dendritic plateau potentials ("dendritic UP states") characterized by (i) fast rise, (ii) plateau phase lasting several hundred milliseconds, and (iii) abrupt decline at the end of the plateau phase. The dendritic plateau potential propagates toward the cell body decrementally to induce a long-lasting (longer than 100 ms, most often 200-800 ms) steady depolarization (∼20 mV amplitude), which resembles a neuronal UP state.

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The complex structure and function of the cerebral cortex critically depend on the balance of excitation and inhibition provided by the pyramidal projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons, respectively. The calretinin-expressing (CalR(+)) cell is a subtype of GABAergic cortical interneurons that is more prevalent in humans than in rodents. In rodents, CalR(+) interneurons originate in the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) from Gsx2(+) progenitors, but in humans it has been suggested that a subpopulation of CalR(+) cells can also be generated in the cortical ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ).

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