Physical Activity and Exercise Promote Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Expression in Adipose Tissues of Obese Adults.

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has recently been studied for its potential influence on the functional response of the human body to exercise. We aimed to investigate the association of habitual physical activity (PA) with PPARγ mRNA level in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) in non-obese and obese non-diabetic adults.

Methods: VAT and SAT were obtained from 95 individuals, including 40 non-obese (BMI<30kg/m) and 55 obese (BMI≥30kg/m) who underwent elective abdominal surgery (Tehran, Iran, 2012-2015).

Metabolomics-A Tool to Find Metabolism of Endocrine Cancer.

Clinical endocrinology entails an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of tumors that occur in the endocrine system. The exact cause of endocrine cancers remains an enigma, especially when discriminating malignant lesions from benign ones and early diagnosis. In the past few years, the concepts of personalized medicine and metabolomics have gained great popularity in cancer research.

Investigating Polymorphism with Insulin Resistance and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases in Iranian Population.

Background: Visfatin is known as one of the adipokines associated with the development of inflammation, but its role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver is less known so far. We aimed to investigate the association between polymorphism and insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: This case-control study was performed on 80 patients with NAFLD as well as 80 healthy participants as controls referred to Amir Al-Momenin and Bouali hospitals in Tehran.

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Knockout in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell-lines: Optimization and Validation.

Background: Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) is a very aggressive type of thyroid carcinoma. Mutation in proto-oncogene is demonstrated in MTC development. We aimed to knock-out of -oncogene using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method in MTC cell-lines.

A randomized clinical trial of beetroot juice consumption on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are both major underlying factors for the initiation and progression of diabetes, as well as for the development of long-term diabetes-related consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of beetroot juice (BJ) consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM. In this trial, 52 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either the concentrated BJ or the control group.

Promoter Methylation of Tumor Suppressors in Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Background: The tumor suppressor genes play a critical role in cellular and molecular mechanisms such as cell cycle processes, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes and subsequent gene expression changes have shown to be involved in the initiation and progression of various malignancies including thyroid malignancies. In this review, we investigated what is known about the impact of promoter hypermethylation on the key tumor suppressor genes known to be involved in cell growth and/or apoptosis of thyroid cancer.

CpG island status as an epigenetic alteration for NIS promoter in thyroid neoplasms; a cross-sectional study with a systematic review.

Background: Gene silence via methylation of the CpG islands is cancer's most common epigenetic modification. Given the highly significant role of NIS in thyroid cancer (TC) differentiation, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the DNA methylation pattern in seven CpG islands (CpG1-7 including +846, +918, +929, +947, +953, +955, and +963, respectively) of the NIS promoter in patients diagnosed with papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC), and multinodular goiter (MNG). Additionally, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to compare our results with studies concerning methylation of the NIS gene promoter.

Elevated miR-143 and miR-34a gene expression in human visceral adipose tissue are associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association of miR-143 and miR-34a expression in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues with insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: VAT and SAT were obtained from 176 participants without diabetes. miR-143 and miR-34a expressions in VAT and SAT were measured using qRT-PCR.

Investigating the Effects of Maternal Separation on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Glucose Homeostasis under Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Young Adult Male Rat Offspring.

Introduction: Given the suggested metabolic regulatory effects of stress-responsive genes and based on the impacts of early-life stress on HPA axis development, this study aimed to characterize the maternal separation (MS) impact on the communication between glucose metabolism and HPA axis dysregulations under chronic social defeat stress (CSDS).

Methods: During the first 2 weeks of life, male Wistar rats were either exposed to MS or left undisturbed with their mothers (Std). Starting on postnatal day 50, the animals of each group were either left undisturbed in the standard group housing (Con) or underwent CSDS for 3 weeks.

Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress develop adverse metabolic effects due to the high-fat high-fructose diet consumption from birth to young adulthood.

Aims: The early postnatal dietary intake has been considered a crucial factor affecting the offspring later life metabolic status. Consistently, this study investigated the oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress interventions in the induction of adverse metabolic effects due to the high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) consumption from birth to young adulthood in rat offspring.

Materials And Methods: After delivery, the dams with their pups were randomly allocated into the normal diet (ND) and HFHFD groups.

The interactive effect of vitamin D3 supplementation and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on weight and body composition in overweight women with hypovitaminosis D: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Different responses to vitamin D supplementation may be due to genes involved in vitamin D metabolism, including the vitamin D receptor () gene. The present study aimed to determine the interactive effect of vitamin D supplementation and polymorphisms, including (rs2228570) and (1544410) on weight and body composition in overweight women with hypovitaminosis D. This study comprised two phases: a double-blind, randomized and a before-after clinical trial.

A Retrospective Study of Serum Calcium Status in Tehran, Iran (105,128 Samples, from 2009-2018).

Background: Calcium is a necessary mineral for life to keep the body and bones healthy. Various factors including hormones, diet, age, and gender affect serum calcium status. The aim of this sturdy was to assess the serum calcium level (SCL) of Tehran population, which has about 10 million multi-Ethnic populations and represents from the whole country.

Recent developments in cell shipping methods.

As opposed to remarkable advances in the cell therapy industry, research reveal inexplicable difficulties associated with preserving and post-thawing cell death. Post cryopreservation apoptosis is a common occurrence that has attracted the attention of scientists to use apoptosis inhibitors. Transporting cells without compromising their survival and function is crucial for any experimental cell-based therapy.

Effects of concentrated beetroot juice consumption on glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients: randomized clinical trial study.

Background: While the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is growing worldwide, dietary intake plays a remarkable role in the management of disease complications. Evidence suggests that beetroot has health-promoting potentials, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, the present clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of concentrated beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on anthropometric measures, glycemic control, blood pressure (BP), and lipid profile in T2D patients.

Maternal stress induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired pancreatic islets' insulin secretion via glucocorticoid receptor upregulation in adult male rat offspring.

Exposure to perinatal (prenatal and/or postnatal) stress is considered as a risk factor for metabolic disorders in later life. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the perinatal stress effects on the pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction, insulin secretion impairment and WFS1 (wolframin ER transmembrane Glycoprotein, which is involved in ER homeostasis and insulin secretion) expression changes, in rat offspring. According to the dams' period of exposure to variable stress, their male offspring were divided into, control (CTRL); pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, lactation stress (PPPLS); pre-pregnancy stress (PPS); pregnancy stress (PS); lactation stress (LS); pre-pregnancy, pregnancy stress (PPPS); pregnancy, lactation stress (PLS); pre-pregnancy, lactation stress (PPLS) groups.

The Epigenetic Modification of in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and its Effects on Clinic-Pathological Features.

Background: Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation are known as the main cause of different types of cancers through inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, especially thyroid cancer. Identification of novel and effective markers are important in diagnosis and prevention of thyroid cancer. In the present study, the expression and methylation of Solute carrier family 5 member 8 () in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) in comparison to multinodular goiter (MNG) have been studied.

Perinatal stress exposure induced oxidative stress, metabolism disorder, and reduced GLUT-2 in adult offspring of rats.

Purpose: Growing evidence has demonstrated that adversity in early life, especially in the prenatal and postnatal period, may change the programming of numerous body systems and cause the incidence of various disorders in later life. Accordingly, this experimental animal study aimed to investigate the effect of stress exposure during perinatal (prenatal and/or postnatal) on the induction of oxidative stress in the pancreas and its effect on glucose metabolism in adult rat offspring.

Methods: In this experimental study based on maternal exposure to variable stress throughout the perinatal period, the pups were divided into eight groups, as follows: control group (C); prepregnancy, pregnancy, lactation stress group (PPPLS); prepregnancy stress group (PPS); pregnancy stress group (PS); lactation stress group (LS); prepregnancy, pregnancy stress group (PPPS); pregnancy, lactation stress group (PLS); and prepregnancy, lactation stress group (PPLS).

The crosstalk between long non-coding RNAs and the hedgehog signaling pathway in cancer.

Hedgehog (Hh) is a conserved signaling pathway that is involved in embryo development as well as adult tissue maintenance and repair in invertebrates and vertebrates. Abnormal activation of this pathway in various types of malignant drug- and apoptosis-resistant tumors has made it a therapeutic target against tumorigenesis. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that promote the activation or inhibition of this pathway is critical.

Iodine Status of Preterm Infants Born in an Area of Iodine Sufficiency: Are They at Risk of Iodine Deficiency?

Objective: To the assess the iodine status of preterm infants born in an area of iodine sufficiency using the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and compare these values across different feeding practices during the first 7 days of life.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 88 preterm infants born at 30 to 34 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a referral hospital in Tehran (Iran) were included. The infant UIC and TSH levels and breast milk iodine concentration in mothers who were exclusively breastfeeding were measured.

Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View.

Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms.

Effect of Ziziphus jujube on cardiometabolic factors and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: In the current study, we aimed to assess the effect of dried Ziziphus jujube on blood glucose, lipid profiles, anthropometric indices, and inflammatory factors in type 2 diabetic(T2D) patients.

Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 48 patients, aged 30-65 years, were randomly assigned to two intervention(n = 24) and control(n = 24) groups. The subjects in the intervention group received 30 g Ziziphus jujube daily for 12 weeks.

The effect of resistance and endurance training with ursolic acid on atrophy-related biomarkers in muscle tissue of diabetic male rats induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet.

In this study, the effect of resistance and endurance training with/without ursolic acid supplementation was evaluated to identify atrophy-related biomarkers in elderly rats induced by diabetes and a high-fat diet (HFD) based on in silico analysis algorithms and pharmaceutical methods. The visualizer software found differential gene expression levels in skeletal muscle atrophy via computed hub gene network parameters. Also, the impact of ursolic acid, as a potent inducer of the Trp53 protein in ameliorating decreased muscle mass, was analyzed in diabetic rats.