Examining Validity for the Pharmacy Affective Domain Situational Judgment Test.

With the integration of the affective domain in the pharmacy accreditation standards, it is important for programs to have methods for formatively assessing student competency in these areas. The objective of this study was to examine the validity evidence for a recently developed situational judgment test to assess the affective domain contained in the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Standards 2016. After pilot testing items in multiple pharmacy schools, a revised 15-item situational judgment test instrument was developed measuring the affective domain as it relates to the pharmacy profession.

Capturing employer's perceptions of key variables in exceptional new practitioners' success by using a modified Delphi process.

Introduction: The primary aim was to determine the key variables in a new practitioner's success from the perspective of pharmacy employers. A secondary aim was to describe the use of a modified Delphi process to collect quality information from external constituents.

Methods: A historical review of the literature was conducted to ensure the inquiry extended existing thinking and to aid the development of questions.

Food as medicine? Exploring the impact of providing healthy foods on adherence and clinical and economic outcomes.

Background: Chronic disease prevalence is increasing. Adherence to dietary guidelines is low (<50%) despite positive impacts in disease progression, clinical outcomes, and medical costs. It is important to summarize the impact of providing medically-tailored meals to patients on adherence rates, clinical outcomes, and potential economic outcomes.

LGBTQ+ Youth's Identity Development in the Context of Peer Victimization: A Mixed Methods Investigation.

Research rarely explores LGBTQ+ youth bullying in the context of culture-specific outcomes (e.g., LGBTQ+ identity development) and what can mitigate the impact of peer stressors.

The impact of a provider motivational interviewing-based training on chronic pain management in a federally-qualified health center.

Background: While the issue of opioid misuse is very complex, pharmacists have a unique opportunity to participate in interprofessional, team-based care. Motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown to be effective in chronic disease management and could improve patient engagement and chronic pain outcomes.

Objectives: To determine the impact of an MI-based provider training on changes in chronic pain management prescribing and on provider and patient perceptions.

Motivational interviewing and vaccine acceptance in children: The MOTIVE study.

Background And Objective: Vaccine coverage have been less than desired in young children in part due to parental vaccine hesitancy. Addressing health beliefs through patient-centered communication approaches such as motivational interviewing (MI) may improve vaccine confidence. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the difference in paediatric vaccination coverage rates based on the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended schedule in children 0-6 years of age after an educational intervention for providers and integration of an MI-based communication tool, MOTIVE (MOtivational Interviewing Tool to Improve Vaccine AcceptancE).

HealthCare educational differences in pain management, adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to substance use disorder education.

Background: In order to assist the State of Ohio in the United States in addressing the opioid epidemic, the Ohio Attorney General appointed experts in a variety of academic disciplines to the Scientific Committee on Opioid Prevention and Education (SCOPE). The focus of SCOPE is the application of scientific principles in the development of prevention and educational strategies for reducing substance use disorder (SUD). One area of focus for SCOPE was SUD education of healthcare professionals.

A research update: Significance of cytokine storm and diaphragm in COVID-19.

Emerging research on evere cute espiratory yndrome ronairus- (SARS-CoV-2) shows that it is spreading to multiple organs in addition to the respiratory system. Though the SARS-CoV2 enters the human body by binding to ACE2 receptors on pulmonary alveolar cells, recent studies indicate that it is spreading to the central nervous system, cardiac and skeletal muscles leading to various pathological conditions in these organs. In particular, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on triggering the cytokine storm and its consequential effects on skeletal muscles has generated a lot of discussion.

[A Reflection on Nursing Education: Assuring the Readiness of the Nursing Profession for the Age of Artificial Intelligence].

With the rapid advancement of information technology, artificial intelligence (AI) is being progressively utilized in various fields. The application of AI in healthcare practice is more advanced than in healthcare education. The advancement of AI is unstoppable.

Establishing Validity Evidence for Parallel Patient-Provider Empathy Scales to Drive Self-reflection.

Student pharmacists must cultivate self-awareness to ensure that they can assess their skill development and abilities, including affective domain skills such as empathy. External feedback can augment development, but validated assessments are needed for accuracy. Thus, the objectives of this study were to establish validity evidence for the revised version of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale (KCES-R), compare student self-perceptions and simulated patient perceptions of student empathy using a parallel patient scale (KCES-PV), and evaluate student reflections on the encounter.

Interrater reliability and ease of use of the High-Alert Medication Stratification Tool‒Revised Prospective (HAMST-R PRO): A prospective, multisite study.

Objective: The High-Alert Medication Stratification Tool‒Revised (HAMST-R) was originally designed to standardize the identification of high-alert medications (HAMs) according to safety risk. The primary objective of this multisite study was to assess interrater reliability of the HAMST-R PRO, a version of the tool designed to prospectively evaluate safety risk of medications during evaluation for formulary addition.

Methods: HAMST-R was designed as an objective tool to evaluate HAMs at a single site during the HAMST-R phase I study.

Comparison of Ceftriaxone and Antipseudomonal β-Lactam Antibiotics Utilized for Potential AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Organisms.

Induction of antibiotic resistance is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in AmpC β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae. The use of ceftriaxone is controversial for treatment of these organisms due to concerns for inducible resistance. This study was designed to compare treatment failure rates between ceftriaxone and antipseudomonal β-lactam antibiotics when used as definitive therapy for organisms most commonly associated with chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase production.

Inclusion of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process in Doctor of Pharmacy Curricula.

With the inclusion of the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process (PPCP) in the most recent Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education standards, institutions must determine how best to vertically and horizontally integrate and assess the PPCP in the curriculum. The objective of this study was to identify the breadth and depth of PPCP implementation as well as faculty involvement in teaching the PPCP at ACPE-accredited institutions. A survey to address the study objectives was developed, piloted, and distributed electronically to all US pharmacy institutions in candidate or accredited status.

A complete Protocadherin-19 ectodomain model for evaluating epilepsy-causing mutations and potential protein interaction sites.

Cadherin superfamily members play a critical role in differential adhesion during neurodevelopment, and their disruption has been linked to several neurodevelopmental disorders. Mutations in protocadherin-19 (PCDH19), a member of the δ-protocadherin subfamily of cadherins, cause a unique form of epilepsy called PCDH19 clustering epilepsy. While PCDH19 and other non-clustered δ-protocadherins form multimers with other members of the cadherin superfamily to alter adhesiveness, the specific protein surfaces responsible for these interactions are unknown.

Evaluation and Revision of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale.

This study aimed to provide further validity evidence for the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale (KCES) by analyzing data collected from multiple administrations of the scale and conducting cognitive interviews of students in pharmacy and nursing programs to identify needed revisions. De-identified data from previous administrations of the KCES were used to evaluate the scale. Evidence of response process was enhanced through cognitive interviews with 20 pre-pharmacy and pharmacy students at Cedarville University.

Development and perceptions of an academic success tool for pharmacy students.

Objective: Some students may face challenges with graduate-level reading and writing, particularly in certain active learning pedagogies, such as team-based learning or peer instruction, which require extensive pre-reading. The objective of this study is to determine the perceived utility of an academic literacy (reading/writing) test for first professional year student pharmacists (P1s).

Methods: In a collaboration between pharmacy and linguistics faculty, an academic literacy assessment tool was developed using fall P1 course materials.

Opioid use disorder: Calling pharmacists to action for better preconception and pregnancy care.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) in women of child-bearing potential is problematic in the United States. This has resulted in increasing risk for adverse maternal outcomes, neonatal abstinence syndrome, fetal and neonatal harm, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased health care costs. Pharmacists in all practice settings have opportunities to provide preconception and pregnancy care to prevent and manage OUD.

Delays in Administration of the Second Antibiotic Dose in Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of significant delays in administration of the second antibiotic dose in patients treated for severe sepsis and septic shock at a single community teaching hospital as well as to assess patient outcomes associated with second dose delays. This single-center, retrospective chart review evaluated patients who received at least 2 antibiotic doses for severe sepsis or septic shock. Patients were classified as having experienced a significant second dose delay if the actual interval between the first and the second antibiotic doses was greater than or equal to 125% of the recommended dosing interval.

Internal Medicine Residents' Perceptions of Pharmacist Involvement in Medical Rounds.

Background: Current physicians note the positive effects of clinical pharmacists on rounds, yet minimal evidence exists regarding medical residents' view of pharmacists in this setting. Knowing their perceptions of clinical pharmacists on acute care rounds will allow pharmacists to optimize their roles and improve their interprofessional interactions.

Objective: To assess internal medicine residents' perceptions of pharmacists on rounds, evaluate which recommendations they prefer to receive, and examine their past experiences with pharmacists on rounds.

Postnatal development alters functional compartmentalization of myosin light chain kinase in ovine carotid arteries.

The rate-limiting enzyme for vascular contraction, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), phosphorylates regulatory myosin light chain (MLC) at rates that appear faster despite lower MLCK abundance in fetal compared with adult arteries. This study explores the hypothesis that greater apparent tissue activity of MLCK in fetal arteries is due to age-dependent differences in intracellular distribution of MLCK in relation to MLC. Under optimal conditions, common carotid artery homogenates from nonpregnant adult female sheep and near-term fetuses exhibited similar values of and for MLCK.

LncGSEA: a versatile tool to infer lncRNA associated pathways from large-scale cancer transcriptome sequencing data.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a growing focus in cancer research. Deciphering pathways influenced by lncRNAs is important to understand their role in cancer. Although knock-down or overexpression of lncRNAs followed by gene expression profiling in cancer cell lines are established approaches to address this problem, these experimental data are not available for a majority of the annotated lncRNAs.

Correlation Between Pharmacy Students' Implicit Bias Scores, Explicit Bias Scores, and Responses to Clinical Cases.

The purpose of this study was to identify the extent of implicit and explicit bias in a sample of pharmacy students and to determine whether there is an association between implicit bias, explicit bias, and responses to clinical cases. Investigators sent links to two online surveys to students at six US schools and colleges of pharmacy. In the first survey, students responded to two clinical cases.