120 results match your criteria: "Cedars- Sinai Medical Centre[Affiliation]"

Phenotyping hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using cardiac diffusion magnetic resonance imaging: the relationship between microvascular dysfunction and microstructural changes.

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging

February 2022

Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

Aims: Microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is predictive of clinical decline, however underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) allows in vivo characterization of myocardial microstructure by quantifying mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA) of diffusion, and secondary eigenvector angle (E2A). In this cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) study, we examine associations between perfusion and cDTI parameters to understand the sequence of pathophysiology and the interrelation between vascular function and underlying microstructure.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Symptomology following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Prev Med

December 2021

Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Despite demonstrated efficacy of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), widespread hesitancy to vaccination persists. Improved knowledge regarding frequency, severity, and duration of vaccine-associated symptoms may help reduce hesitancy. In this prospective observational study, we studied 1032 healthcare workers who received both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and completed post-vaccine symptom surveys both after dose 1 and after dose 2.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Aims: Coronary artery calcification is a marker of cardiovascular risk, but its association with qualitatively and quantitatively assessed plaque subtypes is unknown.

Methods And Results: In this post-hoc analysis, computed tomography (CT) images and 5-year clinical outcomes were assessed in SCOT-HEART trial participants. Agatston coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was measured on non-contrast CT and was stratified as zero (0 Agatston units, AU), minimal (1-9 AU), low (10-99 AU), moderate (100-399 AU), high (400-999 AU), and very high (≥1000 AU).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Automated Quality-Controlled Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Pericardial Fat Quantification Using a Convolutional Neural Network in the UK Biobank.

Front Cardiovasc Med

July 2021

William Harvey Research Institute, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.

Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) may represent a novel risk marker for cardiovascular disease. However, absence of rapid radiation-free PAT quantification methods has precluded its examination in large cohorts. We developed a fully automated quality-controlled tool for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) PAT quantification in the UK Biobank (UKB).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background & Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affects patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) evaluating HRQoL were assessed in the RandomizEd Global Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Impact on NASH with FibRosis of Obeticholic Acid TreatmEnt (REGENERATE) study, which showed that obeticholic acid (OCA) significantly improved fibrosis in patients with NASH.

Methods: Noncirrhotic NASH patients in a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, international study of OCA were enrolled.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Teprotumumab, a novel IGF-1R antibody was recently shown to significantly reduce the signs of active Thyroid eye disease (TED). The current study reviews its efficacy in chronic TED.

Methods: In this retrospective review, consecutive patients with chronic stable TED (>2 years), who had received ≥3 infusions of teprotumumab were included.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Growth promoting variants in PIK3CA cause a spectrum of developmental disorders, depending on the developmental timing of the mutation and tissues involved. These phenotypically heterogeneous entities have been grouped as PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum disorders (PROS). Deep sequencing technologies have facilitated detection of low-level mosaic, often necessitating testing of tissues other than blood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cardiac Computed Tomography Radiomics for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Coronary Inflammation.

Cells

April 2021

Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.

Radiomics, via the extraction of quantitative information from conventional radiologic images, can identify imperceptible imaging biomarkers that can advance the characterization of coronary plaques and the surrounding adipose tissue. Such an approach can unravel the underlying pathophysiology of atherosclerosis which has the potential to aid diagnostic, prognostic and, therapeutic decision making. Several studies have demonstrated that radiomic analysis can characterize coronary atherosclerotic plaques with a level of accuracy comparable, if not superior, to current conventional qualitative and quantitative image analysis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities is a devastating kidney disease with a globally increasing prevalence. Its cause is unknown. Two predominant etiologies are hypothesised: recurrent episodes of dehydration and exposure to environmental toxins, such as agrochemicals and metals.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Interstitial brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies: Complications, toxicities, and management.

Brachytherapy

November 2021

Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

From both a disease and management perspective, locally advanced gynecologic cancers present a significant challenge. Dose escalation with brachytherapy serves as a key treatment, providing conformal radiation while sparing at-risk organs. Intracavitary brachytherapy techniques have been shown to be effective, with improving tumor control and toxicity profiles with the advent of three-dimensional image planning.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The foundation of wisdom is rooted in experience, and thus we reflexively call upon our senior leaders, mentors, coaches, and family members for guidance in our personal and professional lives. Witnessing the weathered perspectives of others allows for an internal audit of one's own strengths and deficiencies, which ultimately inspires personal growth. This experience is heightened when both the mentor and the mentee, for example, share a common goal.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Quantifying microcalcification activity in the thoracic aorta.

J Nucl Cardiol

June 2022

British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Background: Standard methods for quantifying positron emission tomography (PET) uptake in the aorta are time consuming and may not reflect overall vessel activity. We describe aortic microcalcification activity (AMA), a novel method for quantifying F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) uptake in the thoracic aorta.

Methods: Twenty patients underwent two hybrid F-NaF PET and computed tomography (CT) scans of the thoracic aorta less than three weeks apart.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, is the commonest cause of infectious blindness in the developed world. Following infection the virus is initially suspended in the tear film, where it encounters a multi-pronged immune response comprising enzymes, complement, immunoglobulins and crucially, a range of anti-viral and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, given that HSV-1 can overcome innate immune responses to establish lifelong latency throughout a susceptible individual's lifetime, there is significant interest in understanding the mechanisms employed by HSV-1 to downregulate the anti-viral type I interferon (IFN) mediated immune responses.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain are of particular interest due to their role in diseases such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Genetic variation between individuals can affect the integrity and function of dopaminergic neurons but the DNA variants and molecular cascades modulating dopaminergic neurons and other cells types of ventral midbrain remain poorly defined. Three genetically diverse inbred mouse strains - C57BL/6J, A/J, and DBA/2J - differ significantly in their genomes (∼7 million variants), motor and cognitive behavior, and susceptibility to neurotoxins.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Current status of probiotics for prevention and management of gastrointestinal cancers.

Expert Opin Biol Ther

March 2021

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars- Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, USA.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal cancers contribute to a significant number of cancer- associated mortality. The gastrointestinal tract harbors a multitude of microorganisms, known as the microbiota. Recently, the microbiota is considered to be an accessory organ resulting in several health benefits.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: This study is to determine the management and clinical outcomes of patients investigated with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) according to sex.

Background: Women are underdiagnosed with conventional ischemia testing, have lower rates of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) at invasive coronary angiography (ICA), yet higher mortality compared to men. Whether FFR improves sex-based patient management decisions compared to CCTA alone is unknown.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Trajectories of glomerular filtration rate and progression to end stage kidney disease after kidney transplantation.

Kidney Int

January 2021

Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Paris, France; Kidney Transplant Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. Electronic address:

Although the gold standard of monitoring kidney transplant function relies on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), little is known about GFR trajectories after transplantation, their determinants, and their association with outcomes. To evaluate these parameters we examined kidney transplant recipients receiving care at 15 academic centers. Patients underwent prospective monitoring of estimated GFR (eGFR) measurements, with assessment of clinical, functional, histological and immunological parameters.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The role of fecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of acute pouchitis following IPAA for ulcerative colitis: a systematic clinical review.

Int J Colorectal Dis

September 2020

Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 4A6, Canada.

Purpose: Total proctocolectomy (TPC) with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is commonly performed for patients with refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). Pouchitis occurs in 20-50% of these patients. Fecal calprotectin is a biomarker that correlates well with the pouchitis disease activity index.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Motivation: The outbreak of COVID-2019 initiated at Wuhan, China has become a global threat by rapid transmission and severe fatalities. Recent studies have uncovered whole genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (causing COVID-2019). In addition, lung metagenomic studies on infected patients revealed overrepresented Prevotella spp.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) the exocrine glands become infiltrated with lymphocytes instigating severe damage to the salivary and lacrimal glands causing dry eyes and dry mouth. Previous investigations have suggested that dysregulated localized and systemic inflammation contributes to the development and pathogenesis of pSS. A miR microarray performed in primary human conjunctival epithelial cells (PECs) demonstrated significant differences in miR expression at the ocular surface between pSS patients and healthy controls.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The future risk of myocardial infarction is commonly assessed using cardiovascular risk scores, coronary artery calcium score, or coronary artery stenosis severity. We assessed whether noncalcified low-attenuation plaque burden on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) might be a better predictor of the future risk of myocardial infarction.

Methods: In a post hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of CCTA in patients with stable chest pain, we investigated the association between the future risk of fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction and low-attenuation plaque burden (% plaque to vessel volume), cardiovascular risk score, coronary artery calcium score or obstructive coronary artery stenoses.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lung epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) encoded by genes is essential for maintaining transepithelial salt and fluid homeostasis in the airway and the lung. Compared to α, β, and γ subunits, the role of respiratory δ-ENaC has not been studied due to the lack of animal models. : We characterized full-length human δ-ENaC expressed in both oocytes and humanized transgenic mice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This study sought to identify potential therapeutic targets in herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) patients with active and inactive infection by investigating peripheral cytokine production. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were prepared from healthy controls and HSK patients during active infection or following treatment (inactive infection). Serum antibody titres were determined by ELISA.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: A large comprehensive analysis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was performed for failed stentless bioprostheses.

Background: Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic replacement (TAVR) is an alternative to redo surgery for patients with a failing aortic bioprosthesis.

Methods: Unadjusted outcome data were collected from the VIVID (Valve-in-Valve International Data) registry between 2007 and 2016 from a total of 1,598 aortic ViV procedures (291 stentless, 1,307 stented bioprostheses).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF