Comparison of software-assisted and freehand methods of rotational assessment for diaphyseal tibia fractures.

Objective: Accurate rotational reduction following tibial shaft fracture fixation is absent in up to 36% of cases yet may be critical for lower extremity biomechanics. The objective of this cadaveric study was to compare the results of freehand methods of reduction with software-assisted reduction.

Methods: Four fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons attempted rotational correction in a cadaveric model with fluoroscopic assistance (without radiographic visualization of the fracture site) using (1) their method of choice (MoC) and (2) software assistance (SA).

Impact of diabetes mellitus on coronary artery plaque characteristics and outcomes in the SCOT-HEART trial.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an established cardiovascular risk factor. We assessed the impact of diabetes mellitus on quantitative plaque and long-term outcomes in patients with and without diabetes mellitus in the Scottish COmputed Tomography of the HEART (SCOT-HEART) trial.

Methods: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was assessed on non-contrast computed tomography (CT).

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Saurashtra, Gujarat and Implications Toward Sustainable Healthcare.

Growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major worldwide healthcare problems at present. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is part of the natural process of evolution among microorganisms, but which is expedited manifold by the unregulated and over-the-counter use of antibiotics. This induces new and more severe resistance mechanisms in the microbes, which is quite difficult to treat with the routinely prescribed antibiotics, ultimately leading to prolonged infections, disease and even death of the host.

Bayesian Analytical Methods in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials: Why, When, and How.

The Bayesian analytical framework is clinically intuitive, characterised by the incorporation of previous evidence into the analysis and allowing an estimation of treatment effects and their associated uncertainties. The application of Bayesian statistical inference is not new to the cardiovascular field, as illustrated by various recent randomised trials that have applied a primary Bayesian analysis. Given the guideline-shaping character of trials, a thorough understanding of the concepts and technical details of Bayesian statistical methodology is of utmost importance to the modern practicing cardiovascular physician.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 18F-GP1 positron emission tomography in thrombotic cardiovascular disease.

F-GP1 is a novel highly specific radiotracer that binds to activated platelets and thrombus. We aimed to establish the observer repeatability of coronary, carotid and cerebral F-GP1 uptake in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke. Forty-three patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke underwent hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) angiography.

Birthweight in a non-human primate model of placental ischaemia.

Animal models for preeclampsia are mostly determined by the experimental induction of hypertension, proteinuria and latterly, endogenous production of anti-angiogenic factors (sFlt-1). The focus on maternal outcome measures is more immediately obvious, with comparative and sequential data of blood pressure and urine protein excretion. In non-human primates, the data concerning birthweight requires a greater number of observations and thus will be accumulated over a longer period of time and a greater number of experimental protocols.

IMRA/SRS Delphi consensus on international standards for common core components of robotic surgical training design.

Robotic surgery has expanded internationally at pace. There are multiple local robotic training pathways but there is inconsistency in standardisation of core common components for curricula internationally. A framework is required to define key objectives that can be implemented across robotic training ecosystems.

Variation of computed tomography-derived extracellular volume fraction and the impact of protocol parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiac computed tomography quantification of extracellular volume fraction (CT-ECV) is an emerging biomarker of myocardial fibrosis which has demonstrated high reproducibility, diagnostic and prognostic utility. However, there has been wide variation in the CT-ECV protocol in the literature and useful disease cut-offs are yet to be established. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to describe mean CT-ECV estimates and to estimate the effect of CT-ECV protocol parameters on between-study variation.

Exome sequencing identifies as a novel susceptibility gene for non-mucinous, non-high-grade-serous epithelial ovarian cancer.

Rare, germline loss-of-function variants in a handful of genes that encode DNA repair proteins have been shown to be associated with epithelial ovarian cancer with a stronger association for the high-grade serous hiostotype. The aim of this study was to collate exome sequencing data from multiple epithelial ovarian cancer case cohorts and controls in order to systematically evaluate the role of coding, loss-of-function variants across the genome in epithelial ovarian cancer risk. We assembled exome data for a total of 2,573 non-mucinous cases (1,876 high-grade serous and 697 non-high grade serous) and 13,925 controls.

Thoracic aortic microcalcification activity in combined positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Non-invasive detection of pathological changes in thoracic aortic disease remains an unmet clinical need particularly for patients with congenital heart disease. Positron emission tomography combined with magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) could provide a valuable low-radiation method of aortic surveillance in high-risk groups. Quantification of aortic microcalcification activity using sodium [F]fluoride holds promise in the assessment of thoracic aortopathies.

Evaluating ChatGPT responses in the context of a 53-year-old male with a femoral neck fracture: a qualitative analysis.

Purpose: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, in clinical medicine and medical education has gained significant attention due to their potential to support decision-making and improve patient care. However, there is a need to evaluate the benefits and limitations of these tools in specific clinical scenarios.

Methods: This study used a case study approach within the field of orthopaedic surgery.

Kidney function monitoring and trajectories in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently co-exist. The frequency of kidney monitoring and range of kidney function in patients with AF in clinical practice are uncertain.

Methods: All adult Albertans with AF between 2008 and 2017 were identified using ICD-9 and -10 codes 427.

Noninvasive In Vivo Thrombus Imaging in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack-Brief Report.

Background: F-GP1 is a novel positron-emitting radiotracer that is highly specific for activated platelets and thrombus. In a proof-of-concept study, we aimed to determine its potential clinical application in establishing the role and origin of thrombus in ischemic stroke.

Methods: Eleven patients with recent ischemic stroke (n=9) or transient ischemic attack (n=2) underwent F-GP1 positron emission tomography and computed tomography angiography at a median of 11 (range, 2-21) days from symptom onset.

A framework for assessing interactions for risk stratification models: the example of ovarian cancer.

Generally, risk stratification models for cancer use effect estimates from risk/protective factor analyses that have not assessed potential interactions between these exposures. We have developed a 4-criterion framework for assessing interactions that includes statistical, qualitative, biological, and practical approaches. We present the application of this framework in an ovarian cancer setting because this is an important step in developing more accurate risk stratification models.

Pregnancy-specific anxiety and gestational length: The mediating role of diurnal cortisol indices.

Background: Preterm birth or shorter gestation is a common adverse pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy-specific anxiety is robustly associated with risk for shorter gestation. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysregulation, indicated by diurnal cortisol index variability [slope, area-under-the-curve (AUC) or cortisol awakening response (CAR)], could mediate associations between pregnancy-specific anxiety and shorter gestation.

The Management of Lumps, Bumps, and Contour Irregularities of the Lower Eyelid and Cheek After Poor Outcome Fat Transfer.

Background: The increasing popularity of fat transfer (FT) to the lower eyelids has led to an increase in unwanted lumps, bumps, and contour irregularities (LBCs). Few studies have addressed the management of LBCs.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to address the management of LBCs.

Change in lacrimal gland volume and aqueous tear production following treatment with teprotumumab.

Background: Dry eye syndrome occurs in up to 85% of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Lacrimal gland enlargement correlates with subjective tearing and a reduction in quality of life in patients with TED.

Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, patients presenting for the treatment of TED were considered for eligible.

A Review of Midface Aging.

Purpose: To review and summarize studies on the anatomy and involutional changes of the midface.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed searching for studies on the anatomy and involutional changes concerning the midface.

Results: The anatomy of the midface is complex.

Changes in metabolic syndrome burden and risk of coronary artery calcification progression in statin-naïve young adults.

Background And Aims: We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression in statin-naïve young adults.

Methods: From the KOrea Initiatives on Coronary Artery calcification registry, we included asymptomatic young adults aged 20-45 years who underwent serial CAC scans for routine health check-ups. The primary endpoint was CAC progression.