Acceptability and Feasibility of Callascope Self-Imaging of the Cervix among Women in Ventanilla, Peru: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study.

Background: Barriers that prevent adherence to cervical cancer screening programs in low-income communities include, among others, fear of and discomfort associated with the speculum during pelvic exams and difficulties in accessing health facilities. To address these barriers, a low-cost medical device, the Callascope was developed for self-imaging of the cervix. The device has a 2 MP camera connected to a smartphone and a disposable inserter with an asymmetrical tip to replace the speculum.

Effects of decision aids for depression treatment in adults: systematic review.

Aim And Method: To determine the effect on decisional-related and clinical outcomes of decision aids for depression treatment in adults in randomised clinical trials. In January 2019, a systematic search was conducted in five databases. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate.

Nox2 Upregulation and p38α MAPK Activation in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy of Rats Exposed to Long-Term Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia.

One of the consequences of high altitude (hypobaric hypoxia) exposure is the development of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). One particular type of exposure is long-term chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIH); the molecular alterations in RVH in this particular condition are less known. Studies show an important role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex-induced oxidative stress and protein kinase activation in different models of cardiac hypertrophy.

Obesity markers for the prediction of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in resource-poor settings: The CRONICAS Cohort Study.

Aims: To determine the predictive performance of well-known obesity markers: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and total body fat percentage (TBF%), to identify incident cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of the CRONICAS Cohort Study, conducted in 3 regions of Peru. Participants without T2DM at baseline were selected for analyses.

Extraction of 2'--apiosyl-6'--crotonic acid-betanin from the ayrampo seed (Opuntia soehrensii) cuticle and its use as an emitting layer in an organic light-emitting diode.

The molecule 2'--apiosyl-6'--crotonic acid-betanin (called Achkiy) was obtained after an ecofriendly and low-cost purification process of the extract from the ayrampo seed cuticle. Results from EDS give us an idea of the organic elements present in the ayrampo cuticle layer composed of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Further characterization analysis of ayrampo extract by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) corroborated the presence of characteristic functional groups corresponding to carboxyl, carbonyls, hydroxyls and secondary amines.

Ecological divergence and hybridization of Neotropical parasites.

The tropical Andes are an important natural laboratory to understand speciation in many taxa. Here we examined the evolutionary history of parasites of the species complex based on whole-genome sequencing of 67 isolates from 47 localities in Peru. We first show the origin of Andean as a clade of near-clonal lineages that diverged from admixed Amazonian ancestors, accompanied by a significant reduction in genome diversity and large structural variations implicated in host-parasite interactions.

COVID-19 Response in Latin America.

Effective management of a pandemic due to a respiratory virus requires public health capacity for a coordinated response for mandatory restrictions, large-scale testing to identify infected individuals, capacity to isolate infected cases and track and test contacts, and health services for those infected who require hospitalization. Because of contextual and socioeconomic factors, it has been hard for Latin America to confront this epidemic. In this article, we discuss the context and the initial responses of eight selected Latin American countries, including similarities and differences in public health, economic, and fiscal measures, and provide reflections on what worked and what did not work and what to expect moving forward.

The dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (DAPA-CKD) trial: baseline characteristics.

Background: The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD; NCT03036150) trial was designed to assess the effect of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin on kidney and cardiovascular events in participants with CKD with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). This analysis reports the baseline characteristics of those recruited, comparing them with those enrolled in other trials.

Methods: In DAPA-CKD, 4304 participants with a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥200 mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 25 and 75 mL/min/1.

Drivers of stunting reduction in Peru: a country case study.

Background: Peru reduced its under-5 child stunting prevalence notably from 31.3% in 2000 to 13.1% in 2016.

Association between air pollution in Lima and the high incidence of COVID-19: findings from a post hoc analysis.

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) originated in China in December 2019. Thereafter, a global logarithmic expansion of the cases has occurred. Some countries have a higher rate of infections despite of early implementation of quarantine.

Diagnostic accuracy of 3 urine lipoarabinomannan tuberculosis assays in HIV-negative outpatients.

BACKGROUNDInadequate tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are a major hurdle in the reduction of disease burden, and accurate point-of-care tests (POCTs) are urgently needed. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of Fujifilm SILVAMP TB lipoarabinomannan (FujiLAM) POCT for TB diagnosis in HIV-negative outpatients and compared it with Alere Determine TB LAM Ag (AlereLAM) POCT and a laboratory-based ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence LAM research assay (EclLAM).METHODSIn this multicenter diagnostic test accuracy study, we recruited HIV-negative adults with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB presenting to outpatient health care centers in Peru and South Africa.

Lower Body Weight in Rats Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure Would Lead to Reduced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Increased AMPK Activation.

Background: Both chronic hypoxia (CH) and long-term chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) exposure lead to right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Weight loss is an effective intervention to improve cardiac function and energy metabolism in cardiac hypertrophy. Likewise, caloric restriction (CR) also plays an important role in this cardioprotection through AMPK activation.

Overview of the burden of chronic kidney disease in Mexico: secondary data analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Objective: To describe the evolution of the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Mexico by states, sex and subtypes from 1990 to 2017.

Design: Secondary data analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017.

Participants: Mexico and its 32 states.

Food Choice and Dietary Intake among People with Tuberculosis in Peru: Implications for Improving Practice.

Background: In Peru, tuberculosis (TB) is perceived as a nutritional disease. This perception, alongside factors including household food insecurity, may drive the food choices of people with TB and influence treatment outcomes.

Objectives: The objective of this qualitative study was to explore drivers of food choice among adults recently diagnosed with TB.

On the front line: Health professionals and system preparedness for Zika virus in Peru.

Objectives: To analyze the initial healthcare response to the Zika virus in Piura, Peru, and assess the perceptions of midwives and nurses regarding their role in prevention of Zika virus and management of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS).

Methods: This ethnographic study used a rapid qualitative assessment design. Data were collected through a focus group with midwives and in-depth interviews with midwives (n=11) and nurses (n=5).

Live births after oocyte in vitro maturation with a prematuration step in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Purpose: Standard oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) usually results in lower pregnancy rates than in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVM preceded by a prematuration step improves the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence and can enhance embryo quality (EQ). This study evaluated the effectiveness of a biphasic culture system incorporating prematuration and IVM steps (CAPA-IVM) versus standard IVM in women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM).

Corruption in global health: the open secret.

Corruption is embedded in health systems. Throughout my life-as a researcher, public health worker, and a Minister of Health-I have been able to see entrenched dishonesty and fraud. But despite being one of the most important barriers to implementing universal health coverage around the world, corruption is rarely openly discussed.

Eliminating Deaths From Cervical Cancer-Report of a Panel at the 7th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research, a Satellite Meeting at the Consortium of Universities for Global Health 10th Annual Meeting.

This is a summary of the presentations addressing approaches and achievements to reach the goal of eliminating cervical cancer as a global public health problem that were delivered at the 7th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research at the 10th Annual Consortium of Universities for Global Health Meeting in March 2019. Dr Princess Nothemba Simelela, Assistant Director-General for Family, Women, Children and Adolescents, World Health Organization, gave an introduction to the World Health Organization-led Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative and the emerging conceptual framework and targets that will shape the global 2020 to 2030 strategy. Subsequent presentations shared experiences from national programs in Rwanda (Agnes Binagwaho), Latin America (Patricia J.

Stunting Is Preceded by Intestinal Mucosal Damage and Microbiome Changes and Is Associated with Systemic Inflammation in a Cohort of Peruvian Infants.

Stunting, defined as height-for-age score equal to or lower than -2, is associated with increased childhood mortality, cognitive impairment, and chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between linear growth, intestinal damage, and systemic inflammation in infants at risk of stunting. We followed up 78 infants aged 5-12 months living in rural areas of Peru for 6 months.

Biphasic in vitro maturation (CAPA-IVM) specifically improves the developmental capacity of oocytes from small antral follicles.

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of a biphasic IVM culture strategy at improving IVM outcomes in oocytes from small follicles (< 6 mm) compared with routine Standard IVM in patients with polycystic ovaries.

Methods: This prospective pilot study was performed in 40 women with polycystic ovaries whose oocytes were randomized to two IVM culture methods. Patients received a total stimulation dose of 450 IU rFSH.

Takayasu Arteritis: Recent Developments.

Purpose Of Review: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder that affects large vessels, especially aorta and its proximal branches. Its diagnosis can be extremely challenging due to the non-specificity of the systemic inflammatory manifestations during the early phase of the disease and usually follows an insidious clinical course until the emergence of vascular ischemic complications.

Recent Findings: Its pathogenesis has been better delineated in recent years, especially the role of HLA-B52 allele in certain ethnic groups, as well as the use of biological therapy, and surgical revascularization.