12,253 results match your criteria: "Cavernous Sinus Syndromes"

Cavernous hemangioma in the masticatory space.

Einstein (Sao Paulo)

December 2024

Centro Estadual de Reabilitação e Readaptação Dr. Henrique Santillo, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.

Hemangiomas are benign congenital vascular tumors that commonly arise in the head and neck regions. Although they present with indolent growth and involution in most cases, they can cause facial deformities. Hemangiomas have three subtypes: capillary, cavernous, and mixed.

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Cerebral cavernous malformations are benign vascular anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS). The clinical presentation of a cavernoma depends on its location. The majority of patients with cavernomas are asymptomatic.

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Carotid-cavernous aneurysms (CCAs) have the potential for growth, and their risk of rupture can lead to severe complications. Treatment is typically recommended to prevent these complications, with endovascular therapy being the preferred approach due to the challenging surgical access. This case presents a rare instance of rupture of a CCA that had been previously treated with a flow-diverting stent, which resulted in the development of a carotid-cavernous fistula, requiring venous access endovascular treatment.

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Rationale: The occurrence of delayed Horner's syndrome caused by a dog bite to the neck is rarely reported. Acute stress disorder (ASD) can easily be neglected when diagnosing this disease in trauma patients who cannot be effectively observed. The symptoms of Horner's syndrome may not be readily detected in patients with ASD.

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A woman in her 70s, with a background of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), presented with headache and diplopia. Neuro-ophthalmic examination revealed a combination of Horner syndrome and ipsilateral pupil sparing oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP). Cerebrospinal fluid immunophenotyping demonstrated CD5 positive clonal B lymphocytes, consistent with neurological involvement by MCL.

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Background: There is a paucity of studies on patient-reported outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in conservatively managed patients with a cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM).

Methods: This single-center observational study included consecutive adult CCM patients, diagnosed in 2000-2023, managed conservatively, and with at least 6 months of follow-up. Patients completed two validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels (EQ-5D-5L), and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System 29 (PROMIS-29).

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Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a neurovascular disease with symptoms such as strokes, hemorrhages and neurological deficits. With surgery being the only treatment strategy, understanding the molecular mechanisms of CCM is crucial in finding alternative therapeutic options for CCM. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were recently reported in CCM, and NETs were shown to have positive or negative effects in different disease contexts.

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Article Synopsis
  • Recent advancements in understanding cerebrospinal cavernomas have resulted in the creation of initial treatment guidelines and recommendations.
  • Despite this progress, the rarity and variability of the condition mean that the evidence supporting these guidelines is still limited.
  • As a result, there are still many unanswered questions and ongoing debates, highlighting the need for a comprehensive review of recent developments and controversies in this area.
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Article Synopsis
  • Orbital Cavernous venous malformations (OCVMs) are benign, well-defined lesions that are commonly found in the orbital area, ranking third in prevalence among intraconal pathologies after lymphoid tumors and idiopathic inflammation.
  • A middle-aged female patient experienced progressive eye protrusion without visual disturbances; imaging confirmed an intraconal lesion near the optic nerve.
  • The lesion was successfully treated using an endoscopic endonasal transmaxillary approach, leading to complete resolution of symptoms and a positive recovery, with pathology confirming it as a cavernous hemangioma.
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Presentation of lumbar intramedullary cavernous hemangioma by spindle-shaped hematoma sign on the spinal MRI: a case report.

J Med Case Rep

November 2024

Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.5, Three Lanes East Road, Taiyuan, 030000, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Cavernous hemangioma is a rare congenital vascular lesion primarily found in the brain but can also occur in the spinal cord, as illustrated by a case involving a 34-year-old Chinese man with lumbar intramedullary cavernous hemangioma.
  • The patient experienced lumbar intramedullary hemorrhage detected via MRI, and although he received conservative treatment with mannitol, there was no significant improvement in his condition.
  • Surgical removal of the hematomas ultimately led to an improvement in the patient’s symptoms, highlighting the importance of considering lumbar intramedullary cavernous hemangioma in cases of early spinal cord hemorrhage with specific MRI findings.
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Retinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital, nonhereditary vascular anomalies of the retina. We report the case of a 6-year-old child presenting with recurrent frontal headaches. Funduscopy examination revealed an AVM in the right eye, inferior to the optic nerve head.

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[Cavernous hemangioma of the cauda equina: A case report].

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc

July 2024

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Especialidades "Manuel Ávila Camacho", Servicio de Neurocirugía. Puebla, Puebla, México.

Background: Cavernous hemangiomas are vascular malformations formed by groups of dilated sinusoids, organized in channels with a single layer of endothelium. Cavernous hemangiomas represent only 3% of all intradural lesions, and of these 5-12 % correspond to spinal cord lesions and those of the cauda equina are rare.

Clinic Case: A 57 years-old male patient is presented , without history of radiotherapy, who showed low back pain and contracture of the dorsal and paraspinal muscle during 6 months, evaluated in another hospital and diagnosed with a lumbar disc herniation, he was managed with analgesics and physiotherapy for two months, however the theraphy failed, the symptoms worsened and dysesthesias appeared in the gluteal and perianal region, with reduction of strength in both legs with predominance in the left leg, as well bladder sphincter dysfunction .

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Horner syndrome is a clinical triad of ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis, which commonly prompts urgent neuroimaging. The differential diagnosis of new-onset Horner syndrome in children includes neurological emergencies. We report here a case of a 13-month-old male infant with acute-onset Horner syndrome, subsequently found to have a large mediastinal lymphatic malformation compressing the trachea and neck vasculature.

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Brainstem cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are clinically more aggressive compared to superficial CCMs. Due to their location, resection can be challenging, making stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) an attractive alternative for symptomatic patient. Brainstem CCM patients (n = 170) were treated with Gamma Knife SRS at 11 radiosurgical centers.

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Article Synopsis
  • Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) causes visual loss, double vision, and eye pain due to various underlying conditions, including acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS).
  • A case study presented a 76-year-old man with OAS linked to AIFRS, who underwent surgery and received antifungal treatment after a failed corticosteroid regimen.
  • The findings highlight the difficulty in differentiating between AIFRS-induced OAS and other forms, emphasizing the importance of conducting a biopsy before corticosteroid treatment to avoid worsening fungal infections and ensure better patient outcomes.
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Article Synopsis
  • A 79-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to a month-long history of melena (bloody stools) and anemia caused by chronic gastrointestinal bleeding from cavernous hemangiomatosis in the small bowel.
  • She underwent two surgical procedures: an initial laparoscopic jejunal-ileal resection followed by a laparotomic duodenojejunal resection due to ongoing anemia.
  • Cavernous hemangiomatosis is a rare condition (7-10% of benign small bowel tumors) that often causes bleeding; diagnosis may involve various imaging techniques, and surgical resection is the preferred treatment method when feasible, considering the risks of extensive surgeries.
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Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are anomalies of the cerebral vasculature. Loss of the CCM proteins CCM1/KRIT1, CCM2, or CCM3/PDCD10 trigger a MAPK-Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) signaling cascade, which induces a pathophysiological pattern of gene expression. The downstream target genes that are activated by KLF2 are mostly unknown.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates how cellular interactions, driven by force, contribute to cancer cell invasion, particularly in the context of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), which are characterized by abnormal blood vessels.
  • - Researchers used an in-vitro model to demonstrate that endothelial cells lacking the CCM2 protein help recruit normal (wild-type) endothelial cells through mechanical forces and changes in the surrounding extracellular matrix, facilitating lesion growth.
  • - The findings reveal that CCM2 mutant cells manipulate neighboring wild-type cells into proliferating and altering their functions, providing new insights into the mechanisms behind vascular abnormalities and tools for studying cell behavior in disease contexts.
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Introduction: Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS) stands as a rare headache disorder distinguished by painful ophthalmoplegia, accompanied by headaches and cranial nerve palsies. The syndrome was initially identified by Eduardo Tolosa in Spain in 1954. He observed granulomatous inflammation surrounding a carotid siphon in a patient with an intracavernous carotid aneurysm.

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Objective: The International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society aims to establish evidence-based guidelines for single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in treating intracranial cavernous malformations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, searching electronic databases up to January 2024 to assess SRS's impact on post-treatment hemorrhage rates. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals were used to quantify this effect, along with assessments of lesion volume changes, seizure outcomes, and SRS-related adverse effects.

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Clinical features, hemorrhage risk and epilepsy outcomes of familial cerebral cavernous malformation: A 20-year observational pragmatic single-center study.

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis

December 2024

Division of Neurosurgery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Neurosurgery Center, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Introduction: Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (fCCMs) are rare, hereditary conditions characterized by multiple central nervous system lesions. Despite their rarity, CCMs can cause significant clinical challenges when symptomatic, manifesting as seizure and symptomatic hemorrhage (CASH). Guidelines suggest neurosurgical intervention for symptomatic or previously symptomatic lesions, while conservative management is recommended for new-onset epilepsy.

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Early and long-term outcome of surgical versus conservative management for intracranial cerebral cavernous malformation: Meta-analysis of reconstructed time-to-event data.

Clin Neurol Neurosurg

November 2024

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Department of Neurosurgery, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,  Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Neurosurgery Center, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The meta-analysis explores the effectiveness of surgical intervention versus conservative management for symptomatic cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), tackling the challenges of uncertain clinical management due to limited trial data.
  • Results indicate that while surgical intervention might lead to more events (neurological deficits or bleeding) in the long run, observational management showed a longer mean time before these events occurred.
  • The study concludes that observational management could offer better long-term outcomes and emphasizes the necessity for more research, including randomized controlled trials, to improve treatment approaches for CCMs.
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Comment on, "Longterm outcome and quality of life after CNS cavernoma resection: eloquent vs. noneloquent areas".

Neurosurg Rev

September 2024

Lab in Biotechnology and Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-77, Tamil Nadu, India.

The study titled "Long-term outcome and quality of life after CNS cavernoma resection: eloquent vs. non-eloquent areas," by Shoubash et al. (2022) provides crucial insights into the long-term neurological outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in patients following CNS cavernoma resection.

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