Exploring the Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options of Multiple Sclerosis.

The complicated neurological syndrome known as multiple sclerosis (MS) is typified by demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Managing this crippling illness requires an understanding of the complex interactions between neurophysiological systems, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic methods. A complex series of processes, including immunological dysregulation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration, are involved in the pathogenesis of MS.

Efficacy of Orthognathic Surgery in OSAS Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition characterised by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and associated morbidities. Orthognathic surgery (OGS) has been proposed as a treatment option for OSAS, aimed at anatomically repositioning the maxillofacial structures to alleviate airway obstruction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of OGS in reducing apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores among OSAS patients.

Boswellic acid exerts anti-tumor effect in oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting PI3K/AKT1 mediated signaling pathway.

Background: Boswellic acid (BA) is a bioactive compound derived from Boswellia trees. This study aims to investigate the anti-cancer properties of BA against KB oral squamous cancer cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Escalating doses of BA were administered to KB cells, and various analyses were conducted using bioinformatic tools such as GEO, GEO2R, and STITCH database.

Advanced UltraTech approach for distinguishing granulomatous from non-granulomatous corneal endothelial exudates in autoimmune rheumatic anterior uveitis.

Background: Anterior uveitis is a common manifestation in individuals with rheumatic conditions such as spondylarthritis, Behçet's syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and sarcoidosis. Clinical differentiation between granulomatous and non-granulomatous corneal endothelial exudates is crucial to subsequent diagnosis and treatment. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) can ensure an accurate differential diagnosis and appropriate follow-up after local and systemic therapy.

Effect of the maternal sleep disturbances and obstructive sleep apnea on feto-placental Doppler: A systematic review.

Literature evidenced an association of maternal sleep disturbances and maternal obstructive sleep apnea with significant obstetric complications. Moreover, the maternal sleep disturbances effect on feto-placental circulation had not been extensively examined. Our objective is to explore the possible maternal sleep disturbances impact on the feto-placental indices evaluated through the Doppler study.

Assessing Artificial Intelligence in Oral Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.

Background: With the use of machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a viable diagnostic and treatment tool for oral cancer. AI can assess a variety of information, including histopathology slides and intraoral pictures.

Aim: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of AI technology in the detection and diagnosis of oral cancer between 2020 and 2024.

Insights on the Genetic and Phenotypic Complexities of Optic Neuropathies.

/: Optic neuropathies are a category of illnesses that ultimately cause damage to the optic nerve, leading to vision impairment and possible blindness. Disorders such as dominant optic atrophy (DOA), Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and glaucoma demonstrate intricate genetic foundations and varied phenotypic manifestations. This narrative review study seeks to consolidate existing knowledge on the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ocular neuropathies, examine genotype-phenotype correlations, and assess novel therapeutic options to improve diagnostic and treatment methodologies.

The therapeutic potential of targeting Oncostatin M and the interleukin-6 family in retinal diseases: A comprehensive review.

Retinal diseases, which can lead to significant vision loss, are complex conditions involving various cellular and molecular mechanisms. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family, particularly Oncostatin M (OSM), has garnered attention for their roles in retinal inflammation, angiogenesis, and neuroprotection. This comprehensive review explores the dual nature of OSM and other IL-6 family members in retinal pathophysiology, highlighting their contribution to both degenerative and regenerative processes.

Uncommon but Significant: Onset, Characteristics and Management of Vasculitis and Connective Tissue Diseases Induced by Immunomodulators during Cancer Treatment.

The introduction of immunomodulators as adjuvant therapies in cancer treatment has represented a significant advancement in oncology, improving therapeutic response and patient survival. Emerging targets and molecules could provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients. However, these agents can induce immunological side effects, including vasculitis and connective tissue diseases, which, while uncommon, present significant clinical challenges.

Possible viral agents to consider in the differential diagnosis of blepharoconjunctivitis.

Background: Blepharoconjunctivitis poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse etiology, including viral infections. Blepharoconjunctivits can be acute or chronic, self-limiting, or needing medical therapy.

Aim: To review possible viral agents crucial for accurate differential diagnosis in cases of blepharoconjunctivitis.

Dynamical complexity of postural control system in autism spectrum disorder: a feasibility study of linear and non-linear measures in posturographic analysis of upright posture.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication with restricted and repetitive behavior. Postural and motor disturbances occur more often in ASD, in comparison to typically developing subjects, affecting the quality of life. Linear and non-linear indexes derived from the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP) while subjects stand on force platforms are commonly used to assess postural stability.

New frontiers in retinal transplantation.

New frontiers about retinal cell transplantation for retinal degenerative diseases start from the idea that acting on stem cells can help regenerate retinal layers and establish new synapses among retinal cells. Deficiency or alterations of synaptic input and neurotrophic factors result in trans-neuronal degeneration of the inner retinal cells. Thus, the disruption of photoreceptors takes place.

Evaluation of stress generation in core build up-material of mutilated primary teeth: a comparative finite element analysis between BioFlx, stainless steel and zirconia crowns.

Stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) are the most durable restorative option for deciduous teeth, although they are unsightly. However, prefabricated zirconia crowns (ZCs) look more pleasant but require substantial dental preparation. Recently, BioFlx crowns have been introduced as a white-colored alternative to SSCs, providing both flexibility and aesthetics.

In-silico immunoinformatic vaccine design for Treponema denticola ergothionase.

Background: Treponema denticola, a well-studied oral spirochete, adheres, invades, and damages periodontal tissues - gram-negative, anaerobic Treponema denticola. In previous research, sub-gingival spirochetes have correlated positively with dental plaque score, pocket, and clinical attachment level measurements. Hence, the study aims to design an immunoinformatic vaccine using a reverse vaccinology approach against Treponema denticola ergothionase.

Ocular Manifestations of Pediatric Rhinosinusitis: A Comprehensive Review.

Rhinosinusitis is a common childhood illness that may result in a number of ocular problems. The goal of this thorough analysis is to compile the available data regarding the kinds, prevalence, and treatment of ocular problems related to juvenile rhinosinusitis. A comprehensive analysis of electronic databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, was carried out to pinpoint pertinent research articles written in English and published between the beginning and August of 2023.

Clinical characteristics, use and switch of drugs for obstructive airway diseases among patients with COPD experiencing an exacerbation: a retrospective analysis of Italian administrative healthcare data.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an important health challenge, despite being preventable and manageable thanks to up-to-date recommendations. In Italy, the pharmaceutical care of COPD patients is still ill-timed and inaccurate. This study aimed to describe the treatment of COPD patients in Italy and possible switches following an exacerbation.

Bioactive surface modifications on dental implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of osseointegration and longevity.

Background: Bioactive surface modifications have been proposed to enhance osseointegration and longevity of dental implants. This study aimed to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of various bioactive coatings in promoting bone integration and improving implant longevity.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted, including studies that investigated bioactive surface modifications on titanium dental implants.

Innovative Bioscaffolds in Stem Cell and Regenerative Therapies for Corneal Pathologies.

Corneal diseases, which can result in substantial visual impairment and loss of vision, are an important worldwide health issue. The aim of this review was to investigate the novel application of bioscaffolds in stem cell and regenerative treatments for the treatment of corneal disorders. The current literature reports that organic and artificial substances create bioscaffolds that imitate the inherent structure of the cornea, facilitating the attachment, growth, and specialization of stem cells.

Optimized Chemical Bath Deposition for Low Cost, Scalable, and Environmentally Sustainable Synthesis of Star-Like ZnO Nanostructures.

This paper highlights an affordable and straightforward method called chemical bath deposition (CBD) for generating different morphologies of ZnO-based nanostructures. In particular, a specific protocol was found to drive the growth versus a high-yield in-plane symmetric six-arm nanostructure, named a nanostar (NS). Each arm of the star consists of a cluster of parallel wires, creating a subnanostructure with a huge surface-to-volume ratio.

Comparative anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficiency of Triphala versus chlorhexidine mouthwashes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review is to comparatively evaluate the Triphala and chlorhexidine mouthwashes efficacies in decreasing plaque formation and gingivitis in children. With a priori-set inclusion and exclusion criteria's and relevant MeSH terms, the PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid SP were scrutinized from the year 1980 to April 2023 for prospective articles. Outcomes evaluated were plaque formation and gingivitis through Plaque index and Gingival index.