Air Pollution, Noise, Blue Space, and Green Space and Premature Mortality in Barcelona: A Mega Cohort.

: Cities often experience high air pollution and noise levels and lack of natural outdoor environments, which may be detrimental to health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of air pollution, noise, and blue and green space on premature all-cause mortality in Barcelona using a mega cohort approach. : Both men and women of 18 years and above registered on 1 January 2010 by the Sistema d'Informació pel Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP) and living in the city of Barcelona were included in the cohort and followed up until 31 December 2014 or until death ( = 2,939,067 person years).

Mental disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

Purpose: Anxiety and depression are underdiagnosed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Few studies have tried to identify their association with hospitalization (severe exacerbation). The objective of this study was to determine whether the anxiety/depression was associated with severe exacerbation.

Bone density, microarchitecture, and tissue quality after 1 year of treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

Objecive: Bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used to assess bone health in HIV patients. DXA measures the amount of mineral, but not other key aspects of bone strength such as bone microarchitecture or bone quality. Trabecular bone score (TBS) and in-vivo microindentation directly measure trabecular microarchitecture and bone tissue quality, respectively.

Effectiveness of Statins as Primary Prevention in People With Different Cardiovascular Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

The purpose was to analyze statin effectiveness in a general population with differing levels of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Patients (35-74 years) without previous cardiovascular disease were included and stratified according to 10-year CHD risk (<5%, 5-7.4%, 7.

Fatty acid synthase expression and its association with clinico-histopathological features in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) has poor prognosis and no approved targeted therapy. We previously showed that the enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) was largely expressed in a small TNBC patients' cohort and its inhibition synergized with cetuximab in TNBC preclinical mouse models. Here, we evaluated FASN and EGFR expression in a cohort of TNBC patients and we study their prognostic role and their association with clinico-histopathological features, intrinsic TNBC subtypes and survival.

Statins and new-onset atrial fibrillation in a cohort of patients with hypertension. Analysis of electronic health records, 2006-2015.

Hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor for new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). But few studies have addressed the effect of statins on the incidence of this arrhythmia in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of statins on new-onset of this arrhythmia in a hypertensive population, accounting for AF risk.

Association between chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular risk.

Objective: To examine the association between chronic immune-mediated diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or the following chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diagnoses groups: inflammatory bowel diseases, inflammatory polyarthropathies, systemic connective tissue disorders and spondylopathies) and the 6-year coronary artery disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease incidence and overall mortality; and to estimate the population attributable fractions for all four end-points for each chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease.

Methods: Cohort study of individuals aged 35-85 years, with no history of cardiovascular disease from Catalonia (Spain). The coded diagnoses of chronic immune-mediated diseases and cardiovascular diseases were ascertained and registered using validated codes, and date of death was obtained from administrative data.

Familial hypercholesterolemia in a European Mediterranean population-Prevalence and clinical data from 2.5 million primary care patients.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the most frequent hereditary cause of premature coronary heart disease (CHD), is underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of the FH phenotype (FH-P) and to describe its clinical characteristics in a Mediterranean population.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Catalan primary care system's clinical records database (Catalan acronym: SIDIAP).

Intimate partner violence as a subject of study during the training of nurses and midwives in Catalonia (Spain): A qualitative study.

While nurses and midwives are in a unique position to identify and help victims of IPV, since they are often their first point of contact in the healthcare system, they need appropriate training. This study sought to examine the presence of IPV-related contents and the depth to which they are addressed in the bachelor's degree in Nursing and in the Midwifery specialisation programme. The study also explored lecturers' motivations for including IPV in their subjects.

Serum Lipid Levels and Risk Of Hand Osteoarthritis: The Chingford Prospective Cohort Study.

The development of hand osteoarthritis (HOA) could be linked to hyperlipidaemia. No longitudinal studies have addressed the relationship between serum lipid profile and HOA. The study aim was to determine the association between serum lipid profile and the incidence of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (RHOA).

Overview of the Impact of Depression and Anxiety in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Anxiety and depression are common entities in patients diagnosed with COPD. However, the impact that they have on the exacerbation of illness is scarcely studied.

Objective: To determine if the presence of anxiety and depression is associated with a greater risk of frequent exacerbation (≥2 per year) in patients diagnosed with COPD.

Prevalence and incidence of Q-wave unrecognized myocardial infarction in general population: Diagnostic value of the electrocardiogram. The REGICOR study.

Background: Diagnosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) remains an open question in epidemiological and clinical studies, inhibiting effective secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of Q-wave UMI in asymptomatic individuals aged 35 to 74years, and to ascertain the positive predictive value (PPV) of asymptomatic Q-wave to diagnose UMI.

Methods: Two population-based cross-sectional studies were conducted, in 2000 (with 10-year follow-up) and in 2005.

Role of renal function in cardiovascular risk assessment: A retrospective cohort study in a population with low incidence of coronary heart disease.

Background: Early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), a marker of cardiovascular risk, is susceptible to therapeutic intervention but need further study in populations with low incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Incorporating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) could improve cardiovascular risk prediction in these patients.

Objective: To determine if decreased GFR is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality and to analyse GFR effect on cardiovascular risk prediction in a population with low CHD incidence.

Prevalence of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Men Aged 65-74 Years in a Metropolitan Area in North-East Spain.

Background: A declining prevalence of AAA and a shift in the distribution towards the older population have been observed during the last decade in Europe. The aim was to estimate the current screening prevalence of AAA in men aged 65-74 years in a metropolitan area in north-east Spain and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods: A cross sectional prevalence study in men registered in L'Hospitalet Primary Healthcare Services (Barcelona, Spain) was performed.

Preclinical Evaluation of Fatty Acid Synthase and EGFR Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks an approved targeted therapy. Despite initial good response to chemotherapy, 30% of the patients relapse within 5 years after treatment. EGFR overexpression is a common marker in TNBC, and its expression has been correlated with poor outcome.

Diabetes and new-onset atrial fibrillation in a hypertensive population.

Aim: The association of diabetes with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. Hypertension may partly explain the risk association ascribed to diabetes. We studied the role and characteristics of diabetes in hypertensive patients with no ischemic vascular disease.

Brief Report: HIV Infection Is Associated With Worse Bone Material Properties, Independently of Bone Mineral Density.

Low bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected individuals has been documented in an increasing number of studies. However, it is not clear whether it is the infection itself or the treatment that causes bone impairment. Microindentation measures bone material strength (Bone Material Strength index) directly.

Patterns of statin use and cholesterol goal attainment in a high-risk cardiovascular population: A retrospective study of primary care electronic medical records.

Objective: To describe real-life patterns of statin use and cholesterol goal attainment in a retrospective cohort of patients with high cardiovascular risk.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 21,636 individuals, 18.34% women, mean age 63.

Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in a Low-Risk Population With Low Ankle Brachial Index.

Background: Evidence is lacking about the effectiveness of risk reduction interventions in patients with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether statin therapy was associated with a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality in this population.

Methods: Data were obtained from 2006 through 2013 from the Catalan primary care system's clinical records database (SIDIAP).

Risk of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a primary care retrospective cohort study.

Background: The risk of exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) depends on the severity of disease and other less well known factors. Predictive models of exacerbation are more accurate than the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). The objective was to design a model that predicts the risk of exacerbation in COPD.

Appropriateness of colonoscopy requests according to EPAGE-II in the Spanish region of Catalonia.

Background: In a context of increasing demand and pressure on the public health expenditure, appropriateness of colonoscopy indications is a topic of discussion. The objective of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of colonoscopy requests performed in a primary care (PC) setting in Catalonia.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Predictive Model of Hospital Admission for COPD Exacerbation.

Background: The objective of this work was to determine predictive factors of hospital admission for exacerbation during primary care visits in patients with COPD.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to assess risk of hospital admission for COPD exacerbation in primary care patients from November 1, 2010 to October 31, 2013. Data sources were primary care electronic medical records and the hospital discharge minimum data set.

Incident atrial fibrillation hazard in hypertensive population: a risk function from and for clinical practice.

Determining the risk of atrial fibrillation within the hypertensive population without ischemic vascular disease would aid in decision making on preventive approaches. Accordingly, we aimed to estimate the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in this population. We conducted an historical cohort study between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2011, using anonymized longitudinal patient information from primary care and hospital discharge records contained in the System for the Development of Research in Primary Care database.

Socioeconomic status and its association with the risk of developing hip fractures: a region-wide ecological study.

Purpose: To determine the association between socioeconomic deprivation (SES) and hip fracture risk.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using a population-based database (primary care records) of over 5 million people. Eligibility: all living subjects registered during the period 2009-2012 and resident in an urban area.

Effectiveness of multifactorial interventions in primary health care settings for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review of systematic reviews.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of multifactorial interventions carried out in the community setting to decrease cardiovascular risk in healthy patients.

Methods: Systematic review of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from January 1980 to January 2014. Identified for inclusion were systematic reviews of clinical trials that included multifactorial interventions carried out in primary care or community settings, targeting more than one cardiovascular risk factor, and implementing more than one type of intervention.