Advancements and strategies of genetic improvement in cassava ( Crantz): from conventional to genomic approaches.

Cassava ( Crantz) is a staple food of 800 million people in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its industrial utilization for bioethanol, animal feed, and starch are still continuously expanding. It was not until the 1970s that significant scientific efforts were undertaken to improve cassava, despite its considerable economic and social significance.

Cassava-soybean intercropping alleviates continuous cassava cropping obstacles by improving its rhizosphere microecology.

Introduction: Continuous cropping is the main cause of cassava yield reduction. To find an effective method to alleviate the obstacle of cassava continuous cropping and explore the effect of cassava-soybean intercropping, this study analysed the differences in cassava agronomic traits, yield, soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and metabolites between cassava single cropping (M) and cassava-soybean intercropping (MD) and its effects on continuous cassava cropping soil.

Methods: The correlations between yield, agronomic traits, soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and metabolites were explored, and the effect of the cassava-soybean intercropping model on cassava soil was revealed.

sp. nov., a new pathogen causing stem and leaf rot on in China.

Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C.

AhASRK1, a peanut dual-specificity kinase that activates the Ca-ROS-MAPK signalling cascade to mediate programmed cell death induced by aluminium toxicity via ABA.

Aluminium (Al)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) is thought to be a main cause of Al phytotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism by which Al induces PCD in plants is unclear. In this study, we characterized the function of AhASRK1 (Aluminum Sensitive Receptor-like protein Kinase1), an Al-induced LRR-type receptor-like kinase gene.

Host-Induced Gene Silencing of the -Methyl Transferase Gene Enhanced Maize Aflatoxin Resistance.

Maize is one of the major crops that are susceptible to infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination, which poses a serious health threat to humans and domestic animals. Here, an RNA interference (RNAi) approach called Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) was employed to suppress the -methyl transferase gene (, also called ), a key gene involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. An RNAi vector carrying part of the gene was introduced into the B104 maize line.

Dihydroporphyrin iron (III) enhances low temperature tolerance by increasing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in .

Dihydroporphyrin iron (DH-Fe) is a novel plant growth regulator that plays significant roles in plant stress resistance. We found that is extremely sensitive to low temperature (LT) with a threshold of 25°C. To evaluate whether and how DH-Fe alleviates LT stress in , different DH-Fe concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 μg·L) were applied to estimate its effects on C and N metabolism and antioxidative capacity in grown under 20°C.

Physiological and Transcriptomic Dynamics in Mulberry: Insights into Species-Specific Responses to Midday Depression.

The midday depression of photosynthesis, a physiological phenomenon driven by environmental stress, impacts plant productivity. This study aims to elucidate the molecular and physiological responses underlying midday depression in two mulberry species, Ewu No. 1 (Ew1) and Husan No.

Haplotype-resolved genome of a papeda provides insights into the geographical origin and evolution of Citrus.

The publication of several high-quality genomes has contributed greatly to clarifying the evolution of citrus. However, due to their complex genetic backgrounds, the origins and evolution of many citrus species remain unclear. We assembled de novo the 294-Mbp chromosome-level genome of a more than 200-year-old primitive papeda (DYC002).

CRISPR/Cas: An Emerging Toolbox for Engineering Virus Resistance in Plants.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas have been recognized as powerful genome-editing tools in diverse eukaryotic species, including plants, and thus hold great promise for engineering virus resistance in plants. Nevertheless, further attention is required regarding various issues associated with applying new powerful technologies in the field. This mini-review focuses on the recent advances in using CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas13 systems to combat DNA and RNA viruses in plants.

Analysis of Taste Quality Differences Between High and Low Grades of Ninghong Tea: From the Perspective of Sensory, Metabolite, and Taste Activity Values.

In this study, the taste quality difference between high (Ninghong-Jinhao tea, JH, unfolded fresh leaves) and low (Ninghong-Congou tea, CG, unfurled fresh leaves) grades of Ninghong tea (unique black tea) was analyzed from the perspective of sensory omics, non-targeted metabolomics, and chemical dose. JH was characterized by sweetness and mellowness with umami, while CG was characterized by sweetness and thickness. A total of 94 differential metabolites contribute to the quality difference between two grades.

Effects of Sugarcane/Peanut Intercropping on Root Exudates and Rhizosphere Soil Nutrient.

Intercropping can enable more efficient resource use and increase yield. Most current studies focus on the correlation between soil nutrients and crop yield under intercropping conditions. However, the mechanisms related to root exudates and soil nutrients remain unclear.

TRX h2-PP2AC2 module serves as a convergence node for aluminum stress and leaf senescence signals, regulating cell death via ABA-mediated ROS pathway.

ROS/redox signaling plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction and acclimation pathways activated by multiple abiotic stresses and leaf senescence. However, the regulatory events that produce ROS under different stimuli are far from clear. Here, we report the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of an h type thioredoxin, AhTRX h2, positively regulates Al sensitivity and leaf senescence by promoting ROS.

Salt Tolerance in Sugar Beet: From Impact Analysis to Adaptive Mechanisms and Future Research.

The continuous global escalation of soil salinization areas presents severe challenges to the stability and growth of agricultural development across the world. In-depth research on sugar beet ( L.), an important economic and sugar crop with salt tolerance characteristics, is crucial for to determine its salt-tolerance mechanisms, which has important practical implications for production.

Identification, characterization, and sensitivity to phytochemicals of a novel Curvularia species associated with leaf spot disease on Curcuma kwangsiensis.

A leaf spot disease affecting Curcuma kwangsiensis (Zingiberaceae) has been observed in Qinzhou City, Guangxi Province. Infected leaves exhibit yellow-brown spots that progressively expand and eventually lead to leaf death. Curvularia isolates were obtained from the diseased leaves with tissue isolation and single spore purification methods.

Regulatory Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Radix.

Chlormequat chloride (CCC), as a commonly used plant growth regulator in the production of rhizomatous medicinal herbs, can effectively control the bolting phenomenon in , significantly increasing the yield of underground rhizomes (medicinal part). However, its specific effects on the intrinsic quality of , especially medicinal components, require further investigation. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough examination of CCC residue and its influence on the yield and medicinal components of .

Rare taxa mediate microbial carbon and nutrient limitation in the rhizosphere and bulk soil under sugarcane-peanut intercropping systems.

Introduction: Microbial carbon (C) and nutrient limitation exert key influences on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient cycling through enzyme production for C and nutrient acquisition. However, the intercropping effects on microbial C and nutrient limitation and its driving factors between rhizosphere and bulk soil are unclear.

Methods: Therefore, we conducted a field experiment that covered sugarcane-peanut intercropping with sole sugarcane and peanut as controls and to explore microbial C and nutrient limitation based on the vector analysis of enzyme stoichiometry; in addition, microbial diversity was investigated in the rhizosphere and bulk soil.

High-integrity Pueraria montana var. lobata genome and population analysis revealed the genetic diversity of Pueraria genus.

Pueraria montana var. lobata (P. lobata) is a traditional medicinal plant belonging to the Pueraria genus of Fabaceae family.

Analysis of chloroplast genome characteristics and codon usage bias in 14 species of Annonaceae.

For the study of species evolution, chloroplast gene expression, and transformation, the chloroplast genome is an invaluable resource. Codon usage bias (CUB) analysis is a tool that is utilized to improve gene expression and investigate evolutionary connections in genetic transformation. In this study, we analysed chloroplast genome differences, codon usage patterns and the sources of variation on CUB in 14 Annonaceae species using bioinformatics tools.

Soil Application of Regulates Flavonoid and Alkaloids Biosynthesis in Mulberry Leaves.

Flavonoids and alkaloids are the major active ingredients in mulberry leaves that have outstanding medicinal value. can effectively activate the plants defense response and regulate the plant secondary metabolism. In this study, we explored the effects of soil application of on the content of flavonoids and the most important alkaloids (1-deoxynojirimycin, DNJ) in mulberry leaves.