Visual Acuity, Full-field Stimulus Thresholds, and Electroretinography for 4 Years in The Rate of Progression of USH2A-related Retinal Degeneration (RUSH2A) Study.

Purpose: To describe progression of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), full-field stimulus thresholds (FST), and electroretinography (ERG) over 4 years in the -related Retinal Degeneration study and to assess their suitability as clinical trial endpoints.

Design: Prospective natural history study.

Participants: Participants (n = 105) with biallelic disease-causing sequence variants in USH2A and BCVA letter scores of ≥54 were included.

Automated Detection of Filamentous Fungal Keratitis on Whole Slide Images of Potassium Hydroxide Smears with Multiple Instance Learning.

Purpose: The diagnosis of fungal keratitis using potassium hydroxide (KOH) smears of corneal scrapings enables initiation of the correct antimicrobial therapy at the point-of-care but requires time-consuming manual examination and expertise. This study evaluates the efficacy of a deep learning framework, dual stream multiple instance learning (DSMIL), in automating the analysis of whole slide imaging (WSI) of KOH smears for rapid and accurate detection of fungal infections.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

An exploratory qualitative assessment of patient and clinician perspectives on patient-reported outcome measures and disease-modifying therapies in adults with spinal muscular atrophy.

Objective: To understand patient, caregiver, and clinician perspectives on patient-reported outcome measures, critical functional domains, and disease-modifying therapies in adult spinal muscular atrophy.

Design: An exploratory qualitative single-site study.

Patients: Ten adults with spinal muscular atrophy and two clinicians participated in semi-structured interviews.

The Impact of HIRAID Implementation on the Accuracy of Emergency Nurse Documentation in Australian Rural Emergency Departments: A Multicenter Quasi-Experimental Study.

Introduction: Documentation templates supported the implementation of HIRAID, a validated framework that supports nurses in assessing and managing patients in emergency departments in rural Australia using a strategy informed by behavior change theory. The study aimed to determine whether the implementation of HIRAID improved the accuracy of nurses' documentation across a large rural health district.

Methods: A Quasi-experimental pre-post study design was conducted across 10 rural emergency departments between November 2020 and November 2021, with HIRAID implemented in February 2021.

A Study Exploring Local Nurse Retention Data.

Background: Currently in the United States, the demand for RNs is stronger than is being supplied. This site-specific pediatric RN turnover rate was estimated at 15% per year, which is above the national average.

Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted using the Revised Casey-Fink Nurse Retention Survey tool.

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation Following Cardiac Arrest: a Secondary Analysis of the DEVICE Trial.

Background: Airway management is a critical component of the care of patients experiencing cardiac arrest, but data from randomized trials on the use of video vs direct laryngoscopy for intubation in the setting of cardiac arrest are limited. Current AHA guidelines recommend placement of an endotracheal tube either during CPR or shortly after return of spontaneous circulation but do not provide guidance around intubation methods, including the choice of laryngoscope.

Research Question: Does use of video laryngoscopy improve the incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt, compared to use of direct laryngoscopy, among adults undergoing tracheal intubation after experiencing cardiac arrest?

Study Design And Methods: This secondary analysis of the Direct versus Video Laryngoscope (DEVICE) trial compared video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in the subgroup of patients who were intubated following cardiac arrest.

A System for Producing Controlled Elevation of Intraocular Pressure in Awake Brown Norway Rats.

Animal models that help us understand how elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) causes axonal injury will lead to new glaucoma therapies. Because reliable measurements are difficult to obtain in chronic models, we developed the controlled elevation of IOP (CEI) approach. Here, a cannula connected to an elevated balanced salt solution (BSS) reservoir is inserted into the anterior chamber of anesthetized Brown Norway rats.

A cross-sectional study characterizing the prevalence of utility service outages across demographic characteristics and health correlates in New York City.

Background: Utility services for electricity, gas, heat, and hot water are necessities for everyday activities (e.g., lighting, cooking, and thermal safety).

Macaroni necklace technique - Removal of a Xen gel stent.

This video demonstrates the novel "macaroni necklace" technique for removing a Xen gel stent. The technique allows for complete removal of the stent without the hydrated and soft pieces from tearing apart. In this case, the stent was the nidus for endophthalmitis, and complete removal is necessary for prevention of future infections.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Imperforate Hymen at a Single Referral Center.

Study Objective: Imperforate hymen (IH) is a rare congenital anomaly that results in vaginal outlet obstruction. IH can cause significant morbidity if not managed appropriately, which depends on accurate identification of the condition. However, data on the accuracy of IH diagnosis is limited.

NKX2.2 and KLF4 cooperate to regulate α-cell identity.

Transcription factors (TFs) are indispensable for maintaining cell identity through regulating cell-specific gene expression. Distinct cell identities derived from a common progenitor are frequently perpetuated by shared TFs, yet the mechanisms that enable these TFs to regulate cell-specific targets are poorly characterized. We report that the TF NKX2.

Digital Ischemia Secondary to Ulnar Artery Puncture Successfully Treated by Brachial Plexus Block: A Case Report.

After vascular puncture and catheterization, arteries can have many complications that impede blood flow such as vasospasm, thrombosis, and emboli generation, among other complications. Treatment depends on severity of ischemic symptoms and can range from as mild as applying local heat packs to surgical thrombectomy. We present a case of digital ischemia secondary to vascular puncture that was successfully treated with a supraclavicular nerve block, resulting in the vascular surgery team canceling an emergent surgery.

Association between dietary fructose and human colon DNA methylation: implication for racial disparities in colorectal cancer risk using a cross-sectional study.

Background: An increasing body of evidence has linked fructose intake to colorectal cancer (CRC). African American (AA) adults consume greater quantities of fructose and are more likely to develop right-side colon cancer than European American (EA) adults.

Objective: We examined the hypothesis that fructose consumption leads to epigenomic and transcriptomic differences associated with CRC tumor biology.

Analysis of time to regulatory approval in an exception from informed consent trial in trauma patients.

Background: The interactive media-based approach to community consultation and public disclosure (CC/PD), a key step when conducting exception from informed consent (EFIC) clinical trials, is intended to be completed in 4 months. This analysis characterizes the process, from initiation of CC/PD activities to institutional review board approval, to better understand the barriers and how these can be mitigated.

Methods: This is a retrospective post hoc analysis of data collected as part of the CC/PD campaigns conducted for a large trial involving up to 90 trauma centers in the United States.

Oxygen Targets for Mechanically Ventilated Adults with Sepsis: Secondary Analysis of the PILOT Trial.

Background: Patients with sepsis frequently require invasive mechanical ventilation. How oxygenation during mechanical ventilation affects clinical outcomes for patients with sepsis remains uncertain.

Research Question: To evaluate the effects of different oxygen saturation targets on clinical outcomes for patients with sepsis receiving mechanical ventilation.

Achieving excellence in paediatric cardiac care in resource limited and resource plentiful settings and building successful care networks across different countries.

Background: The delivery of paediatric cardiac care across the world occurs in settings with significant variability in available resources. Irrespective of the resources locally available, we must always strive to improve the quality of care we provide to our patients and simultaneously deliver such care in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. The development of cardiac networks is used widely to achieve these aims.

Diabetes Mellitus Is Not a Risk Factor for Difficult Intubation Among Critically Ill Adults: A Secondary Analysis of Multicenter Trials.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with greater difficulty of tracheal intubation in the operating room. This relationship has not been examined for tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. We examined whether diabetes mellitus was independently associated with the time from induction of anesthesia to intubation of the trachea among critically ill adults.

The Brain in Context: A Scoping Review and Concept Definition of Neuro-Informed Policy and Practice.

Background/objectives: Among the developmental sciences, discovery in neuroscience has underpinned research innovations and made a significant contribution to knowledge translation. With the growth of neuroscience discovery, policymakers and practitioner workforces have adopted 'neuro-informed' in decisions targeting the delivery of human, social, and economic wellbeing.

Methods: In this scoping review, we examined the use and conceptualization of neuro-informed policy and practice (NPP) over the last two decades.

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 () associated retinal degeneration: an international study.

Introduction: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 () is an X-linked gene critical for nucleotide metabolism. Pathogenic variants cause three overlapping phenotypes: Arts syndrome (severe neurological disease), Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 5 [CMTX5] (peripheral neuropathy), and non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Each may be associated with retinal dystrophy.

Slab-Specific Projection-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Enhancing En Face Polyp Detection in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

Purpose: A projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography (PR-OCTA) algorithm with slab-specific strategy was applied in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) to differentiate between polyp and branching vascular network (BVN) and improve polyp detection by en face OCTA.

Methods: Twenty-nine participants diagnosed with PCV by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and 30 participants diagnosed with typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) were enrolled. Polyps were classified into three categories after using the slab-specific PR algorithm.

Ultra-fast single-crystal CVD diamonds in the particle time-of-flight (PTOF) detector for low yield burn-history measurements on the NIF (invited).

The Particle Time of Flight (PTOF) diagnostic is a chemical vapor deposition diamond-based detector and is the only diagnostic for measuring nuclear bang times of low yield (<1013) shots on the National Ignition Facility. Recently, a comprehensive study of detector impulse responses revealed certain detectors with very fast and consistent impulse responses with a rise time of <50 ps, enabling low yield burn history measurements. At the current standoff of 50 cm, this measurement is possible with fast 14 MeV neutrons from deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion plasmas.