2024 Update of the RECOVER-Adult Long COVID Research Index.

Importance: Classification of persons with long COVID (LC) or post-COVID-19 condition must encompass the complexity and heterogeneity of the condition. Iterative refinement of the classification index for research is needed to incorporate newly available data as the field rapidly evolves.

Objective: To update the 2023 research index for adults with LC using additional participant data from the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER-Adult) study and an expanded symptom list based on input from patient communities.

Should We Use High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Patients Receiving Gastrointestinal Endoscopies? Critical Appraisals through Updated Meta-Analyses with Multiple Methodologies and Depiction of Certainty of Evidence.

(1) Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy or conventional oxygen therapy (COT) are typically applied during gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic sedation. (2) Methods: We conducted a rigorous systematic review enrolling randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from five databases. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's RoB 2.

Optimization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Improved Therapeutic Outcomes.

Objective: Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is rarely "cured." Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known to reduce inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. However, methods for predicting therapeutic hMSC potency have not been established.

Effects of Implementation of Infant-Driven Oral Feeding Guideline on Preterm Infants' Abilities to Achieve Oral Feeding Milestones, in a Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: This study examines the hypothesis that infant-driven oral feeding leads to earlier achievement of oral feeding and reduces the length of hospital stay compared with provider-driven oral feeding in premature infants METHODS: We used a retrospective chart review to compare 2 groups of premature infants born at ≤35 weeks of gestation. The control group (CG) received the Provider-Driven Oral Feeding model and the intervention group (IG) received the Infant-Driven Oral Feeding model. Postmenstrual age (PMA) upon achieving full oral feeding, PMA at first oral feeding, discharge weight, and length of hospital stay were compared between the groups.

Health-Related Quality of Life, Depressive Symptoms, and Kidney Transplant Access in Advanced CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.

Rationale & Objective: Among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), poor self-reported health is associated with adverse outcomes including hospitalization and death. We sought to examine the association between health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and depressive symptoms in advanced CKD and subsequent access to the kidney transplant waiting list.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Assessment of Physician Priorities in Delivery of Preventive Care.

Importance: Primary care physicians have limited time to discuss preventive care, but it is unknown how they prioritize recommended services.

Objective: To understand primary care physicians' prioritization of preventive services.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This online survey was administered to primary care physicians in a large health care system from March 17 to May 12, 2017.

The mentalizing network and theory of mind mediate adjustment after childhood traumatic brain injury.

Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects over 600 000 children per year in the United States. Following TBI, children are vulnerable to deficits in psychosocial adjustment and neurocognition, including social cognition, which persist long-term. They are also susceptible to direct and secondary damage to related brain networks.

Impact of AKI on Urinary Protein Excretion: Analysis of Two Prospective Cohorts.

Background: Prior studies of adverse renal consequences of AKI have almost exclusively focused on eGFR changes. Less is known about potential effects of AKI on proteinuria, although proteinuria is perhaps the strongest risk factor for future loss of renal function.

Methods: We studied enrollees from the Assessment, Serial Evaluation, and Subsequent Sequelae of AKI (ASSESS-AKI) study and the subset of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study enrollees recruited from Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

Parenting styles as a predictor of long-term psychosocial outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in early childhood.

This study sought to determine whether parenting styles predict long-term psychosocial outcomes after traumatic brain injury in young children. The study involved a concurrent cohort, prospective design, with longitudinal assessments up to early adolescence. Participants included 126 children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury or orthopedic injury, ages 3 to 6 years 11 months, recruited between 2003 and 2006.

Comparative effectiveness of family problem-solving therapy (F-PST) for adolescents after traumatic brain injury: Protocol for a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial.

Introduction: The objective of this manuscript is to describe the methodology that will be used to test the comparative effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of three formats of family problem solving therapy (F-PST) for improving functional outcomes of complicated mild to severe adolescent TBI.

Methods: Three-arm comparative effectiveness, randomized clinical trial (RCT) design. We describe the protocol of a three-arm RCT comparing the effectiveness of three modalities of F-PST to reduce executive dysfunction and behavior problems following TBI in adolescence.

Home Environment as a Predictor of Long-Term Executive Functioning following Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives: This study examined the relationship of the home environment to long-term executive functioning (EF) following early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Participants (N=134) were drawn from a larger parent study of 3- to 6-year-old children hospitalized for severe TBI (n=16), complicated mild/moderate TBI (n=44), or orthopedic injury (OI; n=74), recruited prospectively at four tertiary care hospitals in the United States and followed for an average of 6.8 years post-injury.

Bifurcation of the respiratory response to lung inflation in anesthetized dogs.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of lung volume on prolongation of duration of expiration (TE) with limited understanding of the TE shortening and termination of expiration as observed in newborn. In 14 dogs, the effects of varied onset of lung inflation during expiration on the TE were evaluated. When lung inflation was applied in the first part of expiration (20-60% of TE) TE was lengthened.

Predictors of Long-Term Victimization After Early Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) adversely affect long-term functional and social outcomes. Limited research suggests children with TBI are more likely to be victimized by peers than noninjured children. Deficits in social information processing (SIP), cognitive ability, and executive functioning (EF) may contribute to increased victimization risk.

Clinical management of pregnancy in the obese mother: before conception, during pregnancy, and post partum.

The global epidemic of obesity has led to an increasing number of obese women of reproductive age. Obesity is associated with reduced fertility, and pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity are associated with adverse outcomes, including increased risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, instrumental and caesarean births, infections, and post-partum haemorrhage. The medical and obstetric management of obese women is focused on identifying, addressing, and preventing some of these associated complications, and is a daunting challenge given the high percentage of patients with obesity and few therapeutic options proven to improve outcomes in this population.

Intradialytic Massage for Leg Cramps Among Hemodialysis Patients: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Patients on hemodialysis often experience muscle cramps that result in discomfort, shortened treatment times, and inadequate dialysis dose. Cramps have been associated with adversely affecting sleep and health-related quality of life, depression and anxiety. There is limited evidence available about massage in dialysis; however, massage in cancer patients has demonstrated decreases in pain, inflammation, and feelings of anxiety.

Clinical characteristics of individuals with serious mental illness and type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Data from 157 individuals with serious mental illness and comorbid diabetes enrolled in an ongoing treatment study were used to examine clinical correlates of diabetes control.

Methods: Factors assessed included depressive symptoms (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), global psychopathology severity (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a biomarker of diabetes control.

Results: Seventy-seven participants had depression, 40 had schizophrenia, and 40 had bipolar disorder.

Utilization of behavioral therapy services long-term after traumatic brain injury in young children.

Objective: To examine associations of clinical need, defined by elevated parent ratings of child behavior problems and utilization of behavioral health services in young children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and an orthopedic injury (OI) comparison group.

Design: Parents completed outcome measures 18 months after injury and at an extended follow-up conducted an average of 38 months postinjury.

Setting: Children's hospitals and a general hospital.

Activation of inspiratory muscles via spinal cord stimulation.

Diaphragm pacing is a clinically useful modality providing artificial ventilatory support in patients with ventilator dependent spinal cord injury. Since this technique is successful in providing full-time ventilatory support in only ~50% of patients, better methods are needed. In this paper, we review a novel method of inspiratory muscle activation involving the application of electrical stimulation applied to the ventral surface of the upper thoracic spinal cord at high stimulus frequencies (300 Hz).

Spinal pathways mediating phrenic activation during high frequency spinal cord stimulation.

High frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF-SCS) is a method of inspiratory muscle activation resulting in phrenic motoneuron activation via stimulation of spinal cord pathways. The specific pathways mediating this response, however, are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of upper cervical (C1-C4) pre-phrenic interneurons (UCI) and localize the pathways in the thoracic spinal cord mediating activation of phrenic motoneurons during HF-SCS.

Psychosocial correlates of alcohol use and reduction for individuals with hepatitis C.

Objective: Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are advised to refrain from alcohol consumption. A questionnaire was developed to measure concepts associated with alcohol use for individuals with HCV.

Method: Subjects with HCV (N = 527) completed a telephone survey.

Phrenic nerve stimulation in patients with spinal cord injury.

Phrenic nerve pacing (PNP) is a clinically useful technique to restore inspiratory muscle function in patients with respiratory failure secondary to cervical spinal cord injury. In this review, patient evaluation, equipment, methods of implementation, clinical outcomes, and the complications and side effects of PNP are discussed. Despite considerable technical development, and clinical success, however, current PNP systems have significant limitations.

The histologic spectrum of epithelial neoplasms induced by sorafenib.

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor newly approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Multiple cutaneous adverse effects of sorafenib have been described. We present a 68-year-old patient with renal cell carcinoma who developed multiple tender hyperkeratotic papules within weeks of starting sorafenib.

Effects of diaphragm activation on airway pressure generation during lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation.

Lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) results in the generation of large positive airway pressures. The potential effects of diaphragm co-activation during SCS were investigated in 10 anesthetized dogs. Diaphragm compound action potentials (CMAPs) were present during SCS at the T10 and T12 levels.

Ephedra use in a select group of adolescent athletes.

Ephedra-containing dietary supplements are consumed to improve sports performace, but may carry risks of cardiac and neurological adverse events. Little is known of their use by young athletes. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and patterns of ephedra use among high school athletes.

Calcium and vitamin D status in the adolescent: key roles for bone, body weight, glucose tolerance, and estrogen biosynthesis.

This review paper highlights a number of important public health issues related to calcium and vitamin D status in adolescents. Dietary calcium intake has declined dramatically over the past several decades among adolescents, and inadequate serum vitamin D levels have been documented in up to 54% of teens. A recent trend of decreasing consumption of dairy foods, especially milk, has contributed to this problem.