Neighborhood Deprivation is Associated With Hospital Length of Stay, Discharge Disposition, and Readmission Rates for Patients Who Survive Hospitalization With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background And Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability in the United States. Limited research exists on the influence of area-level socioeconomic status and outcomes after TBI. This study investigated the correlation between the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and (1) 90-day hospital readmission rates, (2) facility discharge, and (3) prolonged (≥5 days) hospital length of stay (LOS).

Impact of preoperative mental health diagnosis on postoperative opioid use patterns in spine fusion surgery: A systematic literature review.

Opioids are frequently prescribed for patients undergoing procedures such as spinal fusion surgery for the management of chronic back pain. However, the association between a preoperative mental health illness, such as depression or anxiety, and opioid use patterns after spinal fusion surgery remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify articles from the PubMed Database that analyzed the relationship between preoperative mental health illness and postoperative opioid usage after spinal fusion surgery on June 1, 2023.

Outcomes After the Surgical Evacuation of Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematomas: The tASDH Risk Score.

Background: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a common pathology following traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is sparse data on the prediction of clinical outcomes following traumatic ASDH (tASDH) evacuation. We investigated prognosticators of outcome following evacuation of tASDHs, with subset analysis in a cohort of octogenarians.

Diffuse Axonal Injury Pattern Predicts Timing of In-Hospital Neurologic Recovery: A Retrospective Case Series.

Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a devastating traumatic neurologic injury with variable prognosis. Although outcomes such as mortality have been described, the time course of neurologic progression is poorly understood. We investigated the association between DAI neuroanatomic injury pattern and neurologic recovery timing.

Inflammatory Cloacogenic Polyp: A Rare Benign Colorectal Polyp.

Inflammatory cloacogenic polyps are a rare kind of benign polyp that is located in the anal transitional zone and rectum. We report the case of a 53-year-old male who underwent a diagnostic colonoscopy for a positive fecal immunochemical test. Two 7 mm polyps were found in the rectum with a pathological diagnosis of inflammatory cloacogenic polyp.

Pre-diagnosis Multidisciplinary Tumor Board and Time to Staging in Lung Cancer: The Case Western MetroHealth Experience.

Introduction National guidelines support the discussion of cancer patients by multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB). We researched whether early pre-diagnosis multidisciplinary tumor board discussions are associated with shorter times to staging in lung cancer. Methods We reviewed our institution's lung cancer and MTB registries to retrospectively study if an early discussion at pre-diagnostic MTB (pd-MTB) influenced the timeliness of diagnostic evaluation.

A Dire Presentation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis with "Black Esophagus.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a rare life-threatening illness that is being increasingly recognized in the past two decades. It usually develops in the setting of severe systemic illness due to a combination of tissue hypoperfusion, impaired mucosal defenses and gastric reflux. The most common presentation is with upper gastrointestinal bleeding complicating diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, pancreatitis, trauma, shock, renal failure, alcohol poisoning or other states of hemodynamic compromise.

Persistent Cerebrospinal Fluid Leukocytosis: Could this be Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension?

A 37-year-old female, a known epileptic, presented to the neurology clinic with a seven-day history of persistent bilateral headache not improving with analgesics. Her neurological and systemic examinations were unremarkable except for right optic disc edema. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) were normal but her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure was 280 mm of water with a CSF white cell count of 214.

Differential Reduction in Monocyte Activation and Vascular Inflammation With Integrase Inhibitor-Based Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Individuals.

Background: Little is known about how different antiretrovirals effect inflammation and monocyte activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Methods: We examined plasma specimens obtained during a randomized, double-blinded trial in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV-infected adults which compared the efficacy of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EVG/c/FTC/TDF) with that of efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF). From a random sample achieving an HIV type 1 RNA load of <50 copies/mL by week 48, changes over 24 and 48 weeks in levels of biomarkers of monocyte activation (soluble CD14 [sCD14] and soluble CD163 [sCD163]), systemic inflammation (soluble tumor necrosis factor α receptor I [sTNF-RI], interleukin 6 [IL-6], and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP]), and vascular inflammation (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 [Lp-PLA2]) were compared.

Rosuvastatin preserves renal function and lowers cystatin C in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy: the SATURN-HIV trial.

Background: In chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, plasma cystatin C may be influenced by factors other than glomerular filtration rate such as inflammation. Statins may improve cystatin C by improving glomerular function or by decreasing inflammation.

Methods: The Stopping Atherosclerosis and Treating Unhealthy Bone With Rosuvastatin in HIV (SATURN-HIV) trial randomized 147 patients on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤130 mg/dL to blinded 10 mg daily rosuvastatin or placebo.

Delivery timing and cesarean delivery risk in women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between gestational age (GA) and induction of labor (IOL) and the rate of cesarean delivery in women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus.

Study Design: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial of mild gestational diabetes mellitus treatment. Cesarean delivery rate of women delivering at term (≥37 weeks' gestation) was evaluated by 2 complementary approaches: (1) IOL vs spontaneous labor: women who were induced at each GA compared with those who spontaneously labored at the same GA and (2) IOL vs expectant management: women who delivered after IOL at each GA compared with those who delivered after spontaneous labor at the same GA or subsequently after spontaneous or induced labor (outcome at each week compared with expectant management at that week).

Adverse Events With the Use of rhBMP-2 in Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Spine Fusions: A 9-Year Institutional Analysis.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Objective: To describe the adverse outcomes associated with the use of rhBMP-2 in thoracolumbar and lumbar fusions.

Summary Of Background Data: rhBMP-2 has been increasingly used in spinal fusions over the past decade.