58,254 results match your criteria: "Case Western Reserve University[Affiliation]"

Background: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A/B) received FDA approval as the first-line therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2020. However, optimal subsequent treatment options are unclear. Here, we describe clinical outcomes of advanced HCC patients following first-line treatment with A/B.

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Experimental investigation on the effect of concentration on the resonance frequency of lipid coated ultrasonically excited microbubbles.

Ultrason Sonochem

December 2024

Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, 209 Victoria St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

This study presents an experimental investigation of the influence of MB concentration on the resonance frequency of lipid-coated microbubbles (MBs). Expanding on theoretical models and numerical simulations from previous research, this work experimentally investigates the effect of MB size on the rate of resonance frequency increase with concentration, a phenomenon observed across MBs with two different lipid compositions: propylene glycol (PG) and propylene glycol and glycerol (PGG). Employing a custom-designed ultrasound attenuation measurement setup, we measured the frequency-dependent attenuation of MBs, isolating MBs based on size to generate distinct monodisperse sub-populations for analysis.

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Estimation of a genetic Gaussian network using GWAS summary data.

Biometrics

October 2024

Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.

A genetic Gaussian network of multiple phenotypes, constructed through the inverse matrix of the genetic correlation matrix, is informative for understanding the biological dependencies of the phenotypes. However, its estimation may be challenging because the genetic correlation estimates are biased due to estimation errors and idiosyncratic pleiotropy inherent in GWAS summary statistics. Here, we introduce a novel approach called estimation of genetic graph (EGG), which eliminates the estimation error bias and idiosyncratic pleiotropy bias with the same techniques used in multivariable Mendelian randomization.

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Objectives: Post-infarct ventricular septal defect is a rare but devastating complication. Delayed treatment offers better outcomes than emergency surgery, but, when acute cardiogenic shock or unstable haemodynamics occur, temporary mechanical circulatory support may be needed to stabilize patients until treatment. The aim of our systematic review was to assess the outcomes of using Impella in this setting.

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My child's home: Parental grief at a Chinese cemetery.

Death Stud

December 2024

Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

This article explores how the parent-child bond is continued in an emergent deathscape in urban China where graves designated for deceased children are being created. This new child-centered deathscape stands in stark contrast to the dominant Chinese deathscape which is embedded in the longstanding practice of ancestor worship. Based on data collected through cemetery visits and interviews with bereaved parents, this article delves into the making of this new deathscape manifested at a cemetery in urban China to demonstrate the process of bereaved parents building and maintaining bonds with their deceased children.

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Uridine insertion/deletion editing of mitochondrial messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in kinetoplastids entails the coordinated action of three complexes. RNA Editing Catalytic Complexes (RECCs) catalyze the enzymatic reactions, while the RNA Editing Substrate Binding Complex (RESC) and RNA Editing Helicase 2 Complex (REH2C) coordinate interactions between RECCs, mRNAs and hundreds of guide RNAs that direct edited sequences. Additionally, numerous auxiliary factors are required for productive editing of specific mRNAs.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This study explored whether there are health disparities in the prescription and use of menopause hormone therapy among perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women in the USA, by reviewing observational studies from 1940 until October 2023.
  • - Researchers found 16 different health disparities related to hormone therapy, noting significant differences based on ethnicity, education, medical conditions, and practitioner specialization.
  • - The findings indicate long-standing disparities in hormone therapy access and usage, highlighting the need for improved education for healthcare providers to better serve underserved populations.
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IMPACT OF BMI ON ADALIMUMAB EFFICACY IN PEDIATRIC JIA-ASSOCIATED UVEITIS.

Ophthalmology

December 2024

Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

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Purpose: SWOG S1815 was a randomized, open label phase III trial, evaluating gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, and cisplatin (GAP) versus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) in patients with newly diagnosed advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs).

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced unresectable or metastatic BTC, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), were randomly assigned 2:1 to either GAP (gemcitabine 800 mg/m, cisplatin 25 mg/m, and nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m intravenously once per day on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle) or GC (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m and cisplatin 25 mg/m intravenously once per day on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle).

Results: Among 452 randomly assigned participants, 441 were eligible and analyzable, 67% with ICC, 16% with GBC, and 17% with ECC.

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Background: Despite advances in ablation and other therapies for AF, progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a significant clinical problem, associated with worse prognosis and worse treatment outcomes. Upstream therapies targeting inflammatory or antifibrotic mechanisms have been disappointing in preventing AF progression, but more recently genetic and genomic studies in AF suggest novel cellular and metabolic stress targets, supporting prior studies of lifestyle and risk factor modification (LRFM) for AF. However, while obesity is a significant risk factor, weight loss and risk factor modification have not been successfully applied in a US population with AF.

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Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a significant contributor to pediatric mortality, often causing liver and spleen injuries. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), the gold standard for diagnosing solid organ injury, poses radiation risks to children. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) may be a promising alternative imaging modality.

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β-lactamases from Gram-negative bacteria are generally regarded as soluble, periplasmic enzymes. NDMs have been exceptionally characterized as lipoproteins anchored to the outer membrane. A bioinformatics study on all sequenced β-lactamases was performed that revealed a predominance of putative lipidated enzymes in the Class D OXAs.

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We analyzed county food pantry use data for 2019 and 2020 (n= 1,169,568 pantry visits) to explore differences in pantry use among four types of households determined by presence of seniors and/or children. Our results show household composition had a significant (p<0.001) impact on food pantry utilization, with multi-generational families with children's pantry reliance per year higher than any other group in both 2019 and 2020.

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In the last three decades, ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become an evidence-based safe and efficacious treatment for managing the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In 2007, the first joint expert consensus document was issued, guiding healthcare professionals involved in catheter or surgical AF ablation. Mounting research evidence and technological advances have resulted in a rapidly changing landscape in the field of catheter and surgical AF ablation, thus stressing the need for regularly updated versions of this partnership which were issued in 2012 and 2017.

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Objective: The need for safe and reliable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for smaller children with severe heart failure (HF) is well defined. More specifically, in pediatric patients with advanced congenital HF, there is no implantable total artificial heart (TAH) device available for small patients. Herein, we report the development of the infant continuous-flow total artificial heart (I-CFTAH), a fully implantable in infants and newborns.

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Rising child welfare costs and a desire to keep kids out of the system have encouraged the use of kinship care-of which custodial grandparents make up the majority of caregivers. Unfortunately, custodial grandparents report greater needs for social and emotional support to successfully care for their grandchildren. Yet, the resources required to provide preventive social-emotional support to these families are unknown.

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How NINJ1 mediates plasma membrane rupture and why NINJ2 cannot.

Cell

December 2024

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Electronic address:

Ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) is an active executioner of plasma membrane rupture (PMR), a process previously thought to be a passive osmotic lysis event in lytic cell death. Ninjurin-2 (NINJ2) is a close paralog of NINJ1 but cannot mediate PMR. Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that NINJ1 and NINJ2 both assemble into linear filaments that are hydrophobic on one side but hydrophilic on the other.

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Postpartum Psychosis, Two Sides of the Story.

J Am Acad Psychiatry Law

December 2024

Ms. Cliffel is a Writer and Mindfulness Teacher, Cleveland, OH. Dr. Friedman is The Phillip Resnick Professor of Forensic Psychiatry and Professor of Psychiatry, Reproductive Biology, Pediatrics, and Law, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.

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State Hospital Rotations Allow Residents to Regain the Longitudinal Experiences of Yesteryear.

J Am Acad Psychiatry Law

December 2024

Dr. VanDercar is a staff psychiatrist, Northcoast Behavioral Healthcare, Northfield, OH and an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Associate Program Director of the Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.

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Background: Despite the global public health threat posed by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter spp., clinical and molecular epidemiological studies on international isolates remain scarce. Historically, the taxonomy of Enterobacter has been challenging, limiting our understanding of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter spp.

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Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders.

J Neuroophthalmol

December 2024

Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (JKS), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve School of Medicine (JKS, IT, TA, JR, JC), Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics (JKS, RPS, KET), Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (DCK), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education (DCK), The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute (RPS, KET, DAC), Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University (RPS, KET, DAC), Cleveland Ohio; and Cleveland Clinic Martin Hospitals (RPS), Cleveland Clinic, Stuart, FL.

Article Synopsis
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) primarily affects overweight or obese women of reproductive age, making it crucial to investigate its relationship with pregnancy.
  • A study examined the incidence of IIH development during pregnancy and its association with hypertensive disorders, finding that 7% of IIH patients experienced new onset IIH during their pregnancies.
  • IIH patients had significantly higher risks for various hypertensive disorders like eclampsia, preeclampsia, and HELLP syndrome, as well as complications like ectopic pregnancies and miscarriages, even when controlling for obesity and migraine factors.
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Evaluating the influence of morphological features on the vulnerability of lipid-Rich plaques during stenting.

J Biomech Eng

December 2024

Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.

Lipid-rich atheromas are linked to plaque rupture in stented atherosclerotic arteries. While fibrous cap thickness is acknowledged as a critical indicator of vulnerability, it is likely that other morphological features also exert influence. However, detailed quantifications of their contributions and intertwined effects in stenting are lacking.

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This historical narrative presents a comprehensive historical journey delving into the diverse facets of gender identity and expression across ancient cultures. It explores these civilizations' perspectives on gender diversity, highlighting instances that challenged conventional gender norms. Transitioning to the modern era, the narrative examines the dynamic landscape of LGBTQ+ and trans movements, spotlighting influential figures whose advocacy has significantly influenced societal perceptions and advanced the rights of gender diverse individuals.

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