Switch/Sucrose Nofermentable-Deficient Tumors-Morphology, Immunophenotype, Genetics, Epigenetics, Nosology, and Therapy.

About 20% of human cancers harbor mutations of genes encoding switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex subunits. Deficiency of subunits of the complex is present in 10% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC; SMARCA4/SMARCA2 deficient), 100% thoracic SMARCA4/A2-deficient undifferentiated tumors (TSADUDT; SMARCA4/A2 deficient), malignant rhabdoid tumor, and atypical/teratoid tumor (SMARCB1-deficient), >90% of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SMARCA4/SMARCA2 deficient), frequently in undifferentiated/dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (SMARCA4, SMARCA2, SMARCB1, and ARID1A/B deficient), 100% SMARCA4 deficient undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (SMARCA4 deficient); and in various other tumors from multifarious anatomical sites. Silencing of SWI/SNF gene expression may be genomically or epigenetically driven, causing loss of tumor suppression function or facilitating other oncogenic events.

From the midfacial destructive drama to the unfolding EBV story: a short history of EBV-positive NK-cell and T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus that has been related to oncogenesis of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Although the mechanism of EBV infection of NK and T cells remains enigmatic, it plays a pathogenic role in various EBV NK-cell and T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs), through promotion of cell activation pathways, inhibition of cell apoptotic pathways, behaving as oncogenes, interacting with host oncogenes or acting epigenetically. The study of NK-cell LPDs, previously hampered by the lack of immunophenotypical and genotypical criteria of NK cells, has become feasible with the recently accepted criteria.

Solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma - An underrecognized rare tumor. Report of 32 new cases with literature review.

Objective: To explore the clinical, imaging, pathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma (SPCH).

Methods: Thirty two cases of SPCH were collected and studied, with literature review.

Results: This study included 13 males and 19 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.

Systemic Involvement in Immunoglobulin G4-Related Ophthalmic Disease.

Background: Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) poses clinical challenges due to its heterogeneous ocular and systemic manifestations. We aim to report the systemic involvement and the clinical, serological and radiological associations of a cohort of Chinese patients.

Methods: A territory-wide, biopsy-proven, Chinese cohort.

Ocular Surface Evaluation in Immunoglobulin G4-Related Ophthalmic Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the functional and structural changes of the meibomian glands and ocular surface in immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) patients.

Design: Cross-sectional, matched case-control comparison study.

Methods: This study included 64 patients with biopsy-proven IgG4-ROD (aged 63.

Safety of the JAK and TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: real world data from the Hong Kong Biologics Registry.

Objectives: To compare the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), cancer and infective complications in RA patients using Janus kinase (JAKis) and TNF (TNFis) inhibitors.

Method: A retrospective analysis of data from the Hong Kong Biologics Registry 2008-2021 was performed. RA patients who had ever used JAKis or TNFis were included.

Treatment outcomes and their determinants of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease: a territory-wide cohort study.

Background: Oral corticosteroid remains the first-line treatment of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, but steroid-dependence is common and serious. Factors associated with steroid dependence and relapse have to be further explored.

Study Population: A city-wide, biopsy-proven, Chinese cohort.

Radiological Determinants of Complicated Immunoglobulin G4-Related Ophthalmic Disease: A Territory-Wide Cohort Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the presenting radiological features of immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and their associations with IgG4-related optic neuropathy (IgG4-RON), and IgG4-related ocular adnexal lymphoma (IgG4-ROL).

Methods: A territory-wide, biopsy-proven, Chinese cohort. Masked review of orbital images, medical records, and histopathology reports.

Survival of mechanically ventilated ward patients and association with organisational factors: a multicentre prospective study.

Objectives: Determine 90-day mortality of mechanically ventilated ward patients outside the intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with organisational factors.

Design: Multicentre prospective observational study of mechanically ventilated ward patients. Modified Poisson regression was used to assess association between nurse to patient ratio (NPR) and 90-day mortality, adjusted for designated medical team, Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) triage priority and centre effect.

Computed Tomography for Calcaneal Fractures: Adding Value to the Radiology Report.

Computed tomography (CT) is nowadays the cornerstone for fracture pattern delineation in calcaneal fracture, and for operative planning. It is often challenging for radiologists in generating clinically oriented and meaningful CT reports to the orthopedic surgeon. The article aims to review the commonly encountered calcaneal injuries and highlight the key points in the description of these injuries and implications of the underlying classification system with respect to the surgeon's perspective.

Development of salient medication reminders to facilitate information transfer during transition from inpatient to primary care: the Delphi process.

Objective: Transitional care is important to successful hospital discharge. Providing patients with a clear and concise summary of medication-related information can help improve outcomes, in particular, among older adults. The present study aimed to propose a framework for the development of salient medication reminders (SMR), which include drug-related risks and precautions, using the Delphi process.

The protean manifestations of central nervous system IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis: a report of two cases.

Background: IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a relative newly recognized and rare manifestation of IgG4-related disease, an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory tumefactive disorder. Fewer than 80 patients have been reported in the literature, and it can mimic common neurosurgical conditions. We describe the clinical presentation of two patients that were initially considered to have a subdural collection, tuberculous meningitis, and a cervical spinal meningioma, but were eventually diagnosed with this disease.

Risk of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in patients with spondyloarthritis.

Aims: To compare the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization in spondyloarthritis (SpA) and non-specific back pain (NSBP), and to identify the risk factors for CAP in SpA.

Methods: A total of 2984 patients with SpA from 11 rheumatology centers and 2526 patients with NSBP from orthopedic units were reviewed from the centralized electronic database in Hong Kong. Incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization and demographic data including age, gender, smoking and drinking status, use of sulfasalazine, individual biological-disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used, micro-organisms, other immunosuppressants or immunosuppressive states, use of steroid for more than ½ year, and co-morbidities were identified.

Risk of cutaneous herpes zoster in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with conventional and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Objectives: To investigate the risk of cutaneous herpes zoster (HZ) in spondyloarthritis (SpA) compared with that in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used in SpA.

Method: A total of 727 patients with an expert diagnosis of SpA were identified retrospectively from four rheumatology centers in Hong Kong. Electronic medical records from 1995 to 2018 were reviewed for incidence of cutaneous HZ and demographic data including age, sex, comorbidities, smoking and drinking status.

Determinants for asthma control, quality of life and use of complementary and alternative medicine in asthmatic pediatric patients in four cities.

Background: Asthma is a significant chronic health problem worldwide. Management aims at disease control by reducing functional impairment and exacerbations and improving quality of life (QoL). We report a multi-center study to survey asthma control and QoL in four cities in the Pearl River Delta.

Direct health-care cost utilization in Hong Kong inflammatory bowel disease patients in the initial 2 years following diagnosis.

Background And Aim: There are scanty data on the health-care utilization from Asia where the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising rapidly. We aim to determine the direct health-care costs in the first 2 years of diagnosis in an IBD cohort from Hong Kong and the factors associated with high cost outliers.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that included patients newly diagnosed with IBD in a territory-wide IBD registry.

Biliary Adenofibroma of Liver: Morphology, Tumor Genetics, and Outcomes in 6 Cases.

Biliary adenofibroma is a rare primary hepatic neoplasm, recognized in the World Health Organization classification, although only 14 cases have been reported to date. This series includes extended follow-up from 2 of the early case reports and 4 novel cases. Clinical history and histology were reviewed in all 6 cases.

Metabolomics reveals the mechanisms for the cardiotoxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing.

Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, but it has been frequently reported about its toxicity. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory, processing can reduce the toxicity of the herbs. Here, we aim to determine if processing reduces the toxicity of raw PR, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of raw PR-induced toxicities and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing.

Low-dose azathioprine is effective in maintaining remission in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: results from a territory-wide Chinese population-based IBD registry.

Background: Whether low-dose azathioprine (AZA) is effective in maintaining remission in patients with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. We assessed the efficacy and safety of low-dose AZA in a Chinese population with UC.

Methods: We identified steroid-dependent UC patients in clinical remission on AZA maintenance therapy from a territory-wide IBD Registry.

Prevalence, Clinicopathological Characteristics, and Outcome of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer in Southern Chinese Patients.

Background: Although the global incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing, there is little information on southern Chinese population available.

Methods: We analyzed 207 patients which constituted 63.5% of all newly diagnosed OPSCC in Hong Kong during a 5-year period from 2005 to 2009.

Natural History of Elderly-onset Ulcerative Colitis: Results from a Territory-wide Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry.

Background And Aims: Data on the natural history of elderly-onset ulcerative colitis [UC] are limited. We aimed to investigate clinical features and outcomes of patients with elderly-onset UC.

Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of UC between 1981 and 2013, from 13 hospitals within a territory-wide Hong Kong Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry, were included.

Factors associated with mucosal healing in patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical remission.

Background: Mucosal healing (MH) has been associated with improved outcomes in ulcerative colitis but factors associated with MH are not well defined.

Methods: Consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical remission (Mayo symptomatic subscore = 0) who had at least 1 colonoscopy since diagnosis from 6 centers were included. For patients who had at least 2 colonoscopies during follow-up, each colonoscopy was reviewed to define whether they had early MH (Mayo endoscopic subscore reduced to 0 within 3 yr of clinical remission).