Diagnosing Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Despite a Negative Work-Up.

A 38-year-old patient with a prosthetic aortic valve had weeks of fever and respiratory symptoms. Although endocarditis was suspected early, numerous blood cultures and echocardiograms failed to confirm the diagnosis. Key questions were: What is a broad differential diagnosis for the above symptoms? What is unique about diagnosing prosthetic valve endocarditis compared with native valve endocarditis? What other imaging modalities are useful for diagnosing prosthetic valve endocarditis when initial echocardiographic evaluation is negative? What organisms are classically implicated in "culture negative" infective endocarditis? Serial blood cultures and multimodal imaging, including cardiac positron emission computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, lead to a diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis with a HACEK () pathogen.

Association Between Healthy Eating Index-2020 and Oral Microbiome Among Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Dietary intake has been suggested to be associated with the oral microbiome, but no study has examined the association between overall diet quality and the oral microbiome.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) and the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome among participants in the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study.

Methods: In 1175 postmenopausal women (mean age: 67 ± 7.

Mitral Valve Repair in a 15-Month-Old Child With Kingella kingae Endocarditis.

, a  (HACEK) organism, is commonly found in the oropharynx. Although it rarely causes endocarditis, it can pose a significant risk to young children. We report a case of endocarditis in a previously healthy 15-month-old male who initially presented with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection.

Impact of HbA1c control and type 2 diabetes mellitus exposure on the oral microbiome profile in the elderly population.

Objective: To investigate the associations of the oral microbiome status with diabetes characteristics in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A questionnaire was used to assess age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, flossing frequency, T2DM duration and complications, and a blood test was used to determine the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from saliva samples was used to analyze the oral microbiome.

and Coinfection of Brain: An Unusual Case from China.

Background: The HACEK group comprises spp., , , , and , are Gram-negative bacteria that are slow-growing and fastidious. These organisms are common causes of culture-negative endocarditis.

[Characteristics of caries-related oral microorganisms in early childhood caries].

Purpose: To study the structural characteristics of oral microorganisms in children with caries by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology.

Methods: Thirty healthy children aged 3-5 years were enrolled as subjects. According to the index of dmfs, they were divided into caries-free (CF) group (15) and early childhood caries (ECC) group(15).

A Case of Infective Endocarditis Caused by : Unraveling a Rare Pathogen and Dire Outcome.

(formerly classified as ) is a gram-negative bacillus (GNB) that occurs as an opportunistic pathogen in neonates and immunocompromised patients. species have been implicated in nosocomial settings leading to infections involving the urinary tract, respiratory tract, liver, biliary tract, meninges, and even in rarer conditions-blood stream infection and infective endocarditis (IE). Gram-negative bacilli are responsible for 3% to 4% of all IE cases and have been traditionally associated with intravenous drug users.

The Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesin EmaA and Infective Endocarditis.

Infective endocarditis (IE), a disease of the endocardial surface of the heart, is usually of bacterial origin and disproportionally affects individuals with underlying structural heart disease. Although IE is typically associated with Gram-positive bacteria, a minority of cases are caused by a group of Gram-negative species referred to as the HACEK group. These species, classically associated with the oral cavity, consist of bacteria from the genera (excluding ), , , , and .

Performance of the 2023 Duke-International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Criteria for Infective Endocarditis in Relation to the Modified Duke Criteria and to Clinical Management-Reanalysis of Retrospective Bacteremia Cohorts.

Background: Revised diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis (IE), the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria, were recently presented and need validation. Here, we compare the 2000 modified Duke criteria for IE with Duke-ISCVID among patients with bacteremia and relate the diagnostic classification to IE treatment.

Methods: We reanalyzed patient cohorts with Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, non-β-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus-like bacteria, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, and HACEK (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella) bacteremia.

Association of Root Biofilm Bacteriome with Root Caries Lesion Severity and Activity.

Introduction: This research aimed to assess the association of root biofilm bacteriome with root caries lesion severity and activity in institutionalised Colombian elderlies and was conducted to gather data on the root caries bacteriome in this population.

Methods: A bacteriome evaluation of biofilm samples from sound and carious root surfaces was performed. Root caries was categorised (ICDAS Root criteria) based on severity (sound surfaces, initial: non-cavitated, moderate/extensive combined: cavitated) and activity status (active and inactive).

Challenges and Insights in endocarditis: a review of literature.

Infective endocarditis is a serious disease associated with high mortality despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. is a fastidious Gram-negative member of the HACEK organisms ( spp., , , , and ).

Evaluating the heart valve tissue diffusion of amoxicillin in infective endocarditis: a pilot prospective observational non-comparative study.

Objectives: Treating patients with infective endocarditis (IE) due to streptococci and enterococci currently involves high-dosage antibiotics. Recent literature suggests a 30%-70% diffusion rate could be extrapolated to human heart valve tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diffusion coefficient of amoxicillin in heart valve tissue of patients operated for IE.

[A preliminary study on salivary microbiota of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux].

To investigate the characteristics of salivary microbiota in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). A case-control study was applied to enroll 60 patients and healthy subjects who were outpatients of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Eighth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from December 2020 to March 2021, including 35 males and 25 females, aged from 21 to 80 (33.75±11.

Native Mitral Valve Endocarditis Caused by a Non-HACEK Gram-Negative Pathogen in a Hemodialysis Patient.

Infective endocarditis (IE) due to non-HACEK (species other than ) bacteremia accounts for less than 2% of all IE cases but is proven to be associated with higher mortality, even more so in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Few data are available in the literature concerning non-HACEK Gram-negative (GN) IE in this immunocompromised population with multiple comorbidities. We report the atypical clinical presentation of an elderly HD patient diagnosed with a non-HACEK GN IE, namely , successfully treated with intravenous (IV) antibiotics.

Ceftriaxone-induced neutropenia successfully overcome by a switch to penicillin G in endocarditis.

Leukopenia, including agranulocytosis, is a severe complication of treatment with all β-lactam antibiotics. Its incidence increases with age. endocarditis after implantation of an aortic valve bio-prosthesis in a 77-year-old woman was treated with ceftriaxone 2 g/day plus gentamicin 160 mg/day intravenously.

Altered oral microbiome in Sudanese Toombak smokeless tobacco users carries a newly emerging risk of squamous cell carcinoma development and progression.

There are an estimated 6-10 million smokeless tobacco (Toombak) users in Sudan, the majority being males. Toombak is known to be a carcinogenic product that is likely to modify the oral microbiome spatiality into a high-risk potential for the development and progression of oral cancer, but previous studies are lacking in this field. Here, we endeavour for the first time the exploration of the oral microbiome in key mucosal areas of the oral cavity and assess the microbiome variations in premalignant and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples from both users and non-users of Toombak.