Pharyngeal airway analysis in obese and non-obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Background: Sleep disorders are a group of disorders characterized by abnormalities of respiration during sleep. OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea) is characterized by the repetitive episodes of complete or partial collapse of the upper airway during sleep, causing a cessation or a significant reduction of airflow.

Method: The study population consisted of 30 control patients (AHI ≤ 5) events per hour, 74 patients with OSAS, including 34 Obese (BMI ≥ 27) and 40 non-obese (BMI ≤ 27).

Diagnostic Utility of Biomarkers in COPD.

Background: COPD will become the third leading cause of death by 2020. There are many situations in which spirometry, the primary tool for diagnosis of COPD, cannot be performed, and thus, the staging and status of these patients cannot be determined. To date, there is no known biochemical marker used for diagnosing COPD.

Quantitative assessment of cardiac mechanical dyssynchrony and prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy using equilibrium radionuclide angiography.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA) in prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients.

Methods And Results: Thirty-two patients (23 males, 57.5 ± 12.

Comparative analysis of changes in MR imaging of pre and post intrauterine progesterone implants in adenomyosis cases.

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the evaluation and management of adenomyosis. In this study, we first diagnosed the adenomyosis on MRI and then we analyzed the MRI changes in the uterus in pre and post intrauterine progesterone implants cases.

Method: All the patients with clinical diagnosis of menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea were screened by Ultrasonography (USG) of the pelvis.

Obstetric considerations in a rare cardiovascular catastrophe needing multidisciplinary care.

Cardiovascular emergencies especially aortic dissections are rare in pregnancy. We report a case of Stanford Type A aortic dissection at 33 weeks of pregnancy presenting in shock. Rapid multidisciplinary approach and special obstetric considerations led to a successful outcome in this case.

Cortriatriatum with classical Raghib complex: a rare anatomic association.

Cortriatriatum with Raghib's complex is a rarely reported entity. An 18-month-old baby who presented with tachypnea and cyanosis was diagnosed to have cortriatriatum sinistrum along with a persistant left superior caval vein draining to the left atrium through an unroofed coronary sinus. The child underwent successful surgical correction with excision of the cortriatriatum and baffling of the left superior caval vein to the right atrium.

Midterm outcome of primary arterial switch operation beyond six weeks of life in children with transposition of great arteries and intact ventricular septum.

Background: We have previously reported our experience in primary arterial switch operation (ASO) in children more than six weeks with transposition of great arteries and intact ventricular septum (TGA/IVS). The upper age limit for performing an ASO in these children is not yet settled and reports regarding outcome of ASO in these children are few. In this prospective observational study, we report the midterm results of children with TGA-IVS older than six weeks undergoing primary ASO.

Severe mitral regurgitation after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a rare complication and management.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with additional ventricular septal defect (VSD) forms a difficult surgical subset. Commonly, additional VSD is in the muscular septum and direct visualization may be difficult during surgical repair especially in arrested heart. Consequently, direct closure of these defects is performed based upon preoperative imaging and/or intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiogram.

Pulmonary infarction after repair of type B aortic dissection.

Lung infarction after intrathoracic surgery is a life-threatening complication that needs urgent intervention. Although the exact etiology is not known, pulmonary infarction may be suspected for patients presenting with consolidation of the lung after intrathoracic surgery. We report a very rare case of pulmonary infarction after successful surgical treatment of a type B aortic dissection.

Left ventricular myxoma in a child: a case report.

Left ventricular myxoma are quite rare and have not been reported in children. We report a left ventricular myxoma arising from interventricular septum in a 12-year-old girl who presented with history of single episode of syncope while playing in school. General examination of the child did not reveal any abnormality except a grade II/VI systolic murmur in left parasternal area.

Role of biomarkers in risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome.

Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a wide spectrum of myocardial ischaemia varying from assuredly benign to potentially fatal. Cardiac biomarkers have had a major impact on the management of this disease and are now the cornerstone in its diagnosis and prognosis. In this review we discuss both the established and the newer emerging biomarkers in ACS and their role in highlighting not only myocardial necrosis but also different facets of the pathophysiology of ACS.

Laser resection of endobronchial hamartoma via fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Endobronchial hamartoma is a rare benign tumor of lung that may present with symptoms of airway obstruction with wheezing, stridor, recurrent pneumonia or atelectasis. We report a case of a patient with endobronchial hamartoma, recurrent pneumonia, who presented to us with sputum smear and culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis. He was treated with antitubercular treatment and endobronchial hamartoma was resected completely by diode laser through fiberoptic bronchoscope.

Hemodynamic responses to etomidate in pediatric patients with congenital cardiac shunt lesions.

Objective: The authors investigated the effects of intravenous etomidate on hemodynamics in children with congenital cardiac shunts.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Catheterization laboratory in tertiary referral cardiac center.

Tetralogy of Fallot with anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous drainage, anomalous coronary artery pattern, and abnormal development of diaphragm.

We report a patient with tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous return to the right atrium, large atrial septal defect, anomalous course and termination of the superior vena cava, anomalous origin and course of the right coronary artery, and a defect in the diaphragm. This interesting combination of anomalies was managed successfully.

Metastatic angiosarcoma presenting as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the vascular or lymphatic endothelium. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a rare presenting manifestation of angiosarcoma. We describe a case of pulmonary metastasis of angiosarcoma who presented with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as initial manifestation.

Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI: A novel technique for the assessment of myocardial ischemia as identified by nuclear imaging SPECT.

Background: The different levels of deoxyhemoglobin in the ischemic myocardium, induced by stressors such as dipyridamole, can be detected by blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI and may be used to diagnose myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study was to assess the signal change in the myocardium on BOLD MRI as well as wall thickening between rest and dipyridamole stress images in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium as identified on SPECT imaging.

Methods: Twelve patients with stress-induced myocardial ischemia on SPECT underwent rest and dipyridamole stress MRI using a double breath-hold, T2()-weighted, ECG-gated sequence to produce BOLD contrast images as well as cine-MRI for wall thickening assessment in 10 of the 12 patients.