Associations between dairy consumption, physical activity, and blood pressure in Chinese young women.

Introduction: The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) has been increasing in young adults. A healthy dietary pattern and increasing physical activity (PA) are commonly recommended as lifestyle modifications needed to manage blood pressure (BP). However, little is known about the relationship between dairy intake, PA, and BP in Chinese young women.

A Global Women's Rugby Union Web-Based Survey.

Rugby Union (rugby) is a full-contact team sport characterised by frequent collision events. Over one third (2.7 million) of global rugby participants are women and girls.

Building for the Future: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Eccentric Resistance Training on Measures of Physical Performance in Youth Athletes.

Background: Eccentric resistance training is recognised as an effective stimulus for enhancing measures of muscular strength and power in adult populations; however, its value in youth athletes is currently not well understood.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise the effects of eccentric resistance training on measures of physical performance (i.e.

The promotion of homebased physical activity for people with lung cancer and cachexia, a qualitative study of healthcare professionals, patients and carers.

Purpose: There is some evidence of the benefits of physical activity (PA) in patients with lung cancer; however, there is a lack of understanding of acceptable PA for patients with established cachexia and how to facilitate sustainable behaviour change to promote PA. Therefore, this study explored the views of healthcare professionals (HP), patients with lung cancer and cachexia, and their carers on preferences for, barriers and facilitators of homebased PA.

Methods: This qualitative study involved ten telephone interviews with HPs and face-to-face interviews with seven patients with lung cancer and cachexia and their carers.

Hemoglobin and cerebral hypoxic vasodilation in humans: Evidence for nitric oxide-dependent and -nitrosothiol mediated signal transduction.

Cerebral hypoxic vasodilation is poorly understood in humans, which undermines the development of therapeutics to optimize cerebral oxygen delivery. Across four investigations (total n = 195) we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) and hemoglobin-based -nitrosothiol (RSNO) and nitrite () signaling in the regulation of cerebral hypoxic vasodilation. We conducted hemodilution (n = 10) and NO synthase inhibition experiments (n = 11) as well as hemoglobin oxygen desaturation protocols, wherein we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF), intra-arterial blood pressure, and in subsets of participants trans-cerebral release/uptake of RSNO and .

Plyometric-Jump Training Effects on Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance According to Maturity: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Background: Among youth, plyometric-jump training (PJT) may provide a safe, accessible, and time-efficient training method. Less is known on PJT effectiveness according to the maturity status.

Objective: This systematic review with meta-analysis set out to analyse the body of peer-reviewed articles assessing the effects of PJT on measures of physical fitness [i.

Upper limb biomechanics and dynamics of a core skill on floor exercise in female gymnastics.

This study aimed to increase understanding of the biomechanics and dynamics of the upper limbs during the contact phase of the round-off (RO) performed using three techniques. Twenty female gymnasts performed six successful RO trials in each condition: parallel, T-shape and reverse. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected for each trial.

Feminizing care pathways: Mixed-methods study of reproductive options, decision making, pregnancy, post-natal care and parenting amongst women with kidney disease.

Aims: To identify the needs, experiences and preferences of women with kidney disease in relation to their reproductive health to inform development of shared decision-making interventions.

Design: UK-wide mixed-methods convergent design (Sep 20-Aug 21).

Methods: Online questionnaire (n = 431) with validated components.

The effect of age and mitigation strategies during hot water immersion on orthostatic intolerance and thermal stress.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? The aim was to characterize adverse responses to whole-body hot water immersion and to investigate practical strategies to mitigate these effects. What is the main finding and its importance? Whole-body hot water immersion induced transient orthostatic hypotension and impaired postural control, which recovered to baseline within 10 min. Hot water immersion was well tolerated by middle-aged adults, but younger adults suffered from a greater frequency and severity of dizziness.

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) International Multidisciplinary Roundtable report on physical activity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background And Aims: We present findings from the inaugural American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) International Multidisciplinary Roundtable, which was convened to evaluate the evidence for physical activity as a means of preventing or modifying the course of NAFLD.

Approach And Results: A scoping review was conducted to map the scientific literature and identify key concepts, research gaps, and evidence available to inform clinical practice, policymaking, and research. The scientific evidence demonstrated regular physical activity is associated with decreased risk of NAFLD development.

Professional male rugby union players' perceived psychological recovery and physical regeneration during the off-season.

We explored male professional rugby union players' experiences and perceptions of their mental and physical health and well-being across the northern hemisphere off-season. 34 professional male rugby union players participated in individual semistructured interviews (mean (SD) age=27.5 (4.

The effect of Tabata-style functional high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and physical activity in female university students.

The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and physical inactivity enhances exposure to cardiometabolic risk factors in university students. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improved cardiometabolic health in clinical adults but the evidence in the university setting is limited. Furthermore, few studies examined the effect of low-volume HIIT on habitual physical activity (PA).

Sports Medicine and the Pelvic Floor.

The female athlete is seen as a specialist population meaning female considerations, such as pelvic floor dysfunction, are not widely taught within sports medicine. Females have unique anatomical characteristics compared with males including a wider pelvic diameter and an additional orifice in the form of the vagina. Furthermore, symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction are prevalent among female athletes and transitional periods in their lifespan.

Sharing decisions on reproductive goals: A mixed-methods study of the views of women who have cystic fibrosis.

Background: There are complex medical, psychological, social and economic aspects to becoming a parent with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). A shared decision-making (SDM) approach could help women with CF make informed decisions about their reproductive goals that are sensitive to their individual values and preferences. This study investigated capability, opportunity, and motivation to participate in SDM from the perspective of women with CF.

Three-dimensional wideband absorbance immittance findings in young adults with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the effect of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) on middle ear sound transmission using wideband absorbance immittance (WAI).

Methods: WAI results from young adult LVAS patients and normal adults were compared.

Results: Averaged energy absorbance (EA) at ambient and peak pressure in the LVAS group showed differences to the normal group.

Injury Pathology in Young Gymnasts: A Retrospective Analysis.

Gymnastics has a history of high injury incidence rates. However, little is known about the injury pathology in young gymnasts. The purpose of this study was to fill gaps in the literature by providing insight into the injury pathology in gymnasts aged 6 to 17 years.

Localized activity attenuates the combined impact of a high fat meal and prolonged sitting on arterial stiffness: A randomized, controlled cross-over trial.

Exposure to acute prolonged sitting and consumption of a high fat (HF) meal have been shown to independently and additively impair central and peripheral cardiovascular function. This study sought to determine whether localized activity, namely leg fidgeting, offers a protective effect to these deleterious effects. Using a randomized crossover design with three trials, 18 healthy males sat uninterrupted for 180 min following the consumption of a low fat (LF, trial 1) or HF meal (trial 2).

Corticospinal and spinal adaptations following lower limb motor skill training: a meta-analysis with best evidence synthesis.

Motor skill training alters the human nervous system; however, lower limb motor tasks have been less researched compared to upper limb tasks. This meta-analysis with best evidence synthesis aimed to determine the cortical and subcortical responses that occur following lower limb motor skill training, and whether these responses are accompanied by improvements in motor performance. Following a literature search that adhered to the PRISMA guidelines, data were extracted and analysed from six studies (n = 172) for the meta-analysis, and 11 studies (n = 257) were assessed for the best evidence synthesis.

Numerical instability of Hill-type muscle models.

Hill-type muscle models are highly preferred as phenomenological models for musculoskeletal simulation studies despite their introduction almost a century ago. The use of simple Hill-type models in simulations, instead of more recent cross-bridge models, is well justified since computationally 'light-weight'-although less accurate-Hill-type models have great value for large-scale simulations. However, this article aims to invite discussion on numerical instability issues of Hill-type muscle models in simulation studies, which can lead to computational failures and, therefore, cannot be simply dismissed as an inevitable but acceptable consequence of simplification.

Adrenergic control of skeletal muscle blood flow during chronic hypoxia in healthy males.

Sympathetic transduction is reduced following chronic high-altitude (HA) exposure; however, vascular α-adrenergic signaling, the primary mechanism mediating sympathetic vasoconstriction at sea level (SL), has not been examined at HA. In nine male lowlanders, we measured forearm blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) and calculated changes in vascular conductance (ΔFVC) during ) incremental intra-arterial infusion of phenylephrine to assess α-adrenergic receptor responsiveness and ) combined intra-arterial infusion of β-adrenergic and α-adrenergic antagonists propranolol and phentolamine (α-β-blockade) to assess adrenergic vascular restraint at rest and during exercise-induced sympathoexcitation (cycling; 60% peak power). Experiments were performed near SL (344 m) and after 3 wk at HA (4,383 m).

Muscle inertial contributions to ankle kinetics during the swing phase of running.

Skeletal muscles have inertia that leads to inertial forces acting around joints. Although these inertial muscle forces contribute to joint kinetics, they are not typically accounted for in musculoskeletal models used for human movement biomechanics research. Ignoring inertial forces can lead to errors in joint kinetics, but how large these errors are in inverse dynamics calculations of common movements is yet unclear.

A Synthetic Polymicrobial Community Biofilm Model Demonstrates Spatial Partitioning, Tolerance to Antimicrobial Treatment, Reduced Metabolism, and Small Colony Variants Typical of Chronic Wound Biofilms.

Understanding chronic wound infection is key for successful treatment and requires accurate laboratory models. We describe a modified biofilm flow device that effectively mimics the chronic wound environment, including simulated wound fluid, a collagen-based 3D biofilm matrix, and a five-species mixture of clinically relevant bacteria (, , , , and ). Mixed biofilms were cultured for between 3 and 14 days with consistent numbers of bacteria that exhibited reduced metabolic activity, which increased with a high dose of glucose.

Development of a Positive Psychology Well-Being Intervention in a Community Pharmacy Setting.

: Community pharmacies are well-placed to deliver well-being interventions; however, to date, nothing has been produced specifically for this setting. The aim of this study was to develop a positive psychology intervention suitable for a community pharmacy setting with the goal of increasing the well-being of community members. : Intervention development consisted of three steps: Step 1-identify the evidence-base and well-being model to underpin the basis of the intervention (Version 1); Step 2-model the intervention and gather user feedback to produce Version 2, and Step 3-revisit the evidence-base and refine the intervention to produce Version 3.

Tone perception development in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the longer-term effects of cochlear implant (CI) use on tone perception by evaluating improvement in Mandarin tone recognition in children with CIs 2 and 3 years post CI activation, and to explore the effects of implant age, chronological age and duration of CI use on the development of tone perception.

Methods: Tone perception was assessed in 29 bilateral profound hearing impaired children (mean chronological age = 4.6 years, SD = 0.