Learning the High Bar Longswing:I. Task Dynamics and Emergence of the Coordination Pattern.

We studied novice gymnasts (N = 25) learning to form the longswing movement coordination pattern. The focus was the emerging behavioural organisation of centre of mass (CM) dynamics and the relative phase of the bar-CM angular motion. Seven novices learned a complete longswing by the end of the study, 8 novices showed no improvement in proportion of circle completed, and the remainder produced modest but persistent increments of final swing height without achieving a full circle.

Learning the high bar longswing:II. energetics and the emergence of the coordination pattern.

This paper is Part II of a study of the effects of practice on young adult novice gymnasts learning the movement coordination pattern of the longswing. The focus was the early stage of learning a critical component of the longswing, namely: through joint motion to inject mechanical energy into the upswing segment effectively to complete the longswing circle. Twenty-five novice male gymnasts received expert instruction while practicing two sessions a week for 3 weeks between a pre- and a post-practice assessment test trial.

Maturity alters drop vertical jump landing force-time profiles but not performance outcomes in adolescent females.

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) assists in effective force attenuation upon landing and augments force generation at take-off during a drop vertical jump (DVJ). General performance outcomes such as jump height or peak measures have been used to assess SSC function in youth populations; however, these discrete metrics fail to provide insight into temporal jump-landing characteristics. This study assessed DVJ force-time profiles in 1013 middle and high-school female athletes (n = 279 prepubertal, n = 401 pubertal, and n = 333 postpubertal).

A survey of current practice in UK emergency department management of patients with blunt chest wall trauma not requiring admission to hospital.

Introduction: There is no universal agreement or supporting evidence for the content or format of a standardised guidance document for patients with blunt chest wall trauma. The aim of this study is to investigate current UK Emergency Medicine practice of the management of patients with blunt chest wall trauma, who do not require admission to hospital.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study, with mixed quantitative / qualitative analysis methods.

Global REACH 2018: the adaptive phenotype to life with chronic mountain sickness and polycythaemia.

Key Points: Humans suffering from polycythaemia undergo multiple circulatory adaptations including changes in blood rheology and structural and functional vascular adaptations to maintain normal blood pressure and vascular shear stresses, despite high blood viscosity. During exercise, several circulatory adaptations are observed, especially involving adrenergic and non-adrenergic mechanisms within non-active and active skeletal muscle to maintain exercise capacity, which is not observed in animal models. Despite profound circulatory stress, i.

Developing motor competency in youths: Perceptions and practices of strength and conditioning coaches.

Motor competency is integral to the long-term athletic development of youths. Strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches are recommended to deliver motor competency interventions, yet no studies have investigated their perceptions and practices for developing motor competency in youths. Sixty-seven male, and 4 female S&C coaches completed an initial and follow up questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, rating 1] the importance of developing competence, and 2] how frequently they developed competence across 90 motor competencies.

Exploring the relationship between conductive hearing loss and cleft speech characteristics in children born with cleft palate.

Background: Children with cleft palate are at high risk of both conductive hearing loss and cleft speech characteristics (CSCs) yet there is limited research to understand whether hearing loss impacts speech development in this population by contributing to the development of CSCs.

Aims: This study used data from a large national cohort study in the UK (The Cleft Collective) to explore the relationship between those with a history of diagnosed hearing loss and presence of CSCs in children with cleft palate (+/- cleft lip) aged between 18 and 24 months.

Method: Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs) provided uniformed information from assessment for 123 participants who had been recruited to the Cleft Collective study.

The role of perceived public and private green space in subjective health and wellbeing during and after the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Research has consistently shown that access to parks and gardens is beneficial to people's health and wellbeing. In this paper, we explore the role of both public and private green space in subjective health and wellbeing during and after the first peak of the COVID-19 outbreak that took place in the UK in the first half of 2020. It makes use of the longitudinal COVID-19 Public Experiences (COPE) study, with baseline data collected in March/April 2020 (during the first peak) and follow-up data collected in June/July 2020 (after the first peak) which included an optional module that asked respondents about their home and neighbourhood (n = 5,566).

Molecular exploration for Mycoplasma amphoriforme, Mycoplasma fermentans and Ureaplasma spp. in patient samples previously investigated for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Objectives: To determine the presence and genotypic macrolide susceptibility of Mycoplasma amphoriforme, and the presence of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma fermentans among clinical samples from England previously investigated for Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Methods: Quantitative and conventional PCR methods were used to retrospectively screen a collection of 160 clinical samples previously submitted to Public Health England (PHE) for the detection of M.

How Do Patients Receiving Prescribed B Injections for the Treatment of PA Perceive Changes in Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A UK-Based Survey Study.

Pernicious anemia (PA) is a chronic condition that is usually treated using B injections. Due to the pandemic, many patients were prescribed an alternative oral B treatment. There is limited evidence that this is effective at managing symptoms of PA.

Cardiovascular disease risk communication in NHS Health Checks: a qualitative video-stimulated recall interview study with practitioners.

Background: NHS Health Check (NHSHC) is a national programme to identify and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Practitioners delivering the programme should be competent in discussing CVD risk, but there is evidence of limited understanding of the recommended 10-year percentage CVD risk scores. Lifetime CVD risk calculators might improve understanding and communication of risk.

Kinematic factors associated with start performance in World-class male sprinters.

The aim was to investigate the kinematic factors associated with successful performance in the initial acceleration phase of a sprint in the best male athletes in the World at the 2018 World Indoor Athletics Championships. High speed video (150 Hz) was captured for eight sprinters in the men's 60 m final. Spatio-temporal and joint kinematic variables were calculated from the set position to the end of the first ground contact post-block exit (GC1).

Multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial factors contributing to return to running and running related stress urinary incontinence in postpartum women.

Objectives: To examine contributory factors behind postpartum return-to-running and return to pre-pregnancy running level, in addition to risk factors for postpartum running-related stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods: 881 postpartum women completed an online questionnaire. Clinically and empirically derived questions were created relating to running experiences and multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial contributory factors.

May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

In the UK, heart and circulatory diseases account for 29% of all deaths (14% through coronary heart disease and 8% through stroke). In 2015, the prevalence of hypertension was 20% in the UK and 23% in the Republic of Ireland. In 2019, 14% of people registered with a UK general practice had hypertension and yet it was the attributable risk factor for around half of all deaths from coronary heart disease or stroke.

Regulation of cerebral blood flow by arterial PCO independent of metabolic acidosis at 5050 m.

Key Points: We investigated the influence of arterial PCO (PaCO ) with and without experimentally altered pH on cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation at sea level and with acclimatization to 5050 m. At sea level and high altitude, we assessed stepwise alterations in PaCO following metabolic acidosis (via 2 days of oral acetazolamide; ACZ) with and without acute restoration of pH (via intravenous sodium bicarbonate; ACZ+HCO ). Total resting CBF was unchanged between trials at each altitude even though arterial pH and [HCO ] (i.

Implementation of e-cigarette regulation through the EU Tobacco Products Directive (2016) in Wales, Scotland and England from the perspectives of stakeholders involved in policy introduction and enforcement.

Introduction: From May 2016, the European Union introduced the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) regulations, which included restrictions to advertising and new safety and labeling standards for e-cigarette products. This represented the first supranational policy regulating e-cigarette sales and marketing. This study explores perceptions of TPD and its implementation in Wales, Scotland and England, from perspectives of stakeholders involved in tobacco and e-cigarette policy and implementation in each nation.

Right Ventricular Function and Region-Specific Adaptation in Athletes Engaged in High-Dynamic Sports: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Structural remodeling of the right ventricle (RV) is widely documented in athletes. However, functional adaptation, including RV pressure generation and systolic free-wall longitudinal mechanics, remains equivocal. This meta-analysis compared RV pressure and function in athletes and controls.

Survey of New Zealand Poultry Consumers' Handling of Raw Poultry and Food Safety Awareness To Provide Insight into Risk Factors for Campylobacteriosis.

Abstract: New Zealand (NZ) has a high rate of reported campylobacteriosis cases. Cross-contamination in home kitchens during poultry handling is considered the main factor in campylobacteriosis transmission. The main aim of this study was to measure NZ consumers' food safety awareness and self-reported food safety practices associated with handling raw poultry.

The impact of physically active learning during the school day on children's physical activity levels, time on task and learning behaviours and academic outcomes.

Unlabelled: The benefits of physical activity in school settings and its impact on health and academic outcomes are of interest from public health and educational contexts. This study investigates how physically active learning (PAL): (i) contributes to children's physical activity levels, (ii) impacts on academic outcomes and (iii) influences children's focus and concentration, defined as time on task (ToT).

Methods: Over a 2-week period, participants were exposed to PAL and non-active learning (NAL) lessons in a counterbalanced design.

"Hang the Flesh off the Bones": Cultivating an "Ideal Body" in Taijiquan and Neigong.

In a globalized, media-driven society, people are being exposed to different cultural and philosophical ideas. In Europe, the School of Internal Arts (pseudonym) follows key principles of the ancient Chinese text The Yijinjing (The Muscle-Tendon Change Classic) "Skeleton up, flesh down", in its online and offline pedagogy. This article draws on an ongoing ethnographic, netnographic and cross-cultural investigation of the transmission of knowledge in this atypical association that combines Taijiquan with a range of practices such as Qigong, body loosening exercises and meditation.

Public Attitudes towards Medicinal Waste and Medicines Reuse in a 'Free Prescription' Healthcare System.

This study investigates public attitudes towards medicinal waste and medicines reuse within a 'free prescription' healthcare system. A quantitative online survey was employed in a sample drawn from the population of Wales, where prescription medicines have been 'free' since 2007. Qualitative interviews informed the content of the attitude statements with categorical or ordinal response options assigned.

A requirement for flow to enable the development of Ureaplasma parvum biofilms in vitro.

Aims: To use a flow-based method to establish, quantify and visualize biofilms of Ureaplasma parvum.

Methods And Results: Absorbance readings of a U. parvum HPA5 culture were taken at 550 nm every 3 h for 30 h in order to establish a growth curve, with viability determined by the number of colour changing units (CCUs).

Cultivating Health in Martial Arts and Combat Sports Pedagogies: A Theoretical Framework on .

"Martial arts and combat sports" (MACS) are a myriad of systems of embodied movements and underlying philosophy and pedagogies. Due to the intrinsic complexity of MACS, they have the potential to both reshape practitioners' selves and improve their wellbeing, as well as to hamper the pursuit of sustainable, healthy lifestyles. This article provides an interdisciplinary theoretical framework to critically approach both the "light" and the "dark" sides of martial pedagogies.

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption from 1998-2017: Findings from the health behaviour in school-aged children/school health research network in Wales.

To date no study has examined time trends in adolescent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks, or modelled change in inequalities over time. The present study aimed to fill this gap by identifying historical trends among secondary school students in Wales, United Kingdom. The present study includes 11-16 year olds who completed the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey and the Welsh School Health Research Network (SHRN) survey between 1998 to 2017.