Critical Appraisal of Pharmaceutical Therapy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy-Challenges and Prospectives.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifaceted disorder with a pandemic spread and a remarkable burden of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DBCM) has been increasingly recognized as the development of cardiac dysfunction, which is accompanied by heart failure (HF) symptoms in the absence of obvious reasons like ischemic heart disease, hypertension, or valvulopathies. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed, including metabolic disorders (e.

Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Mitochondria dysfunction plays a central role in the development of vascular diseases as oxidative stress promotes alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function that contribute to disease progression. Redox imbalances can affect normal cellular processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, electrochemical equilibrium, and the regulation of mitochondrial DNA. In this review, we will discuss these imbalances and, in particular, the potential role of mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis, and mitophagy in the context of vascular diseases and how the dysregulation of normal function might contribute to disease progression.

Syringaldehyde Alleviates Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Hyperglycemia in H9c2 Cells Through GLP-1 Receptor Signals.

Cardiac hypertrophy is a significant complication of diabetes, often triggered by hyperglycemia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists alleviate cardiac hypertrophy, but their efficacy diminishes under GLP-1 resistance. Syringaldehyde (SA), a natural phenolic compound, may activate GLP-1 receptors and mitigate hypertrophy.

Possibility of Using NO Modulators for Pharmacocorrection of Endothelial Dysfunction After Prenatal Hypoxia.

Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is a key factor in the development of long-term cardiovascular disorders, which are caused by various mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction (ED), including those associated with NO deficiency. This emphasizes the potential of therapeutic agents with NO modulator properties, such as Thiotriazoline, Angiolin, Mildronate, and L-arginine, in the treatment of PH. Pregnant female rats were given a daily intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg/kg of sodium nitrite starting on the 16th day of pregnancy.

Targeting the Heart of Mycobacterium: Advances in Anti-Tubercular Agents Disrupting Cell Wall Biosynthesis.

infections continue to pose a significant global health challenge, particularly due to the rise of multidrug-resistant strains, random mycobacterial mutations, and the complications associated with short-term antibiotic regimens. Currently, five approved drugs target cell wall biosynthesis in . This review provides a comprehensive analysis of these drugs and their molecular mechanisms.

Pharmaceutical Humanities and Narrative Pharmacy: An Emerging New Concept in Pharmacy.

The complexity of our life experiences and the rapid progress in science and technology clearly necessitate reflections from the humanities. The ever-growing intersection between science and society fosters the emergence of novel interdisciplinary fields of research. During the past decade, Medical Humanities arose to meet the need to unravel hidden information beyond technology-driven and fact-based medicine.

Multi-Omics and Network-Based Drug Repurposing for Septic Cardiomyopathy.

Background/objectives: Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a severe cardiac complication of sepsis, characterized by cardiac dysfunction with limited effective treatments. This study aimed to identify repurposable drugs for SCM by integrated multi-omics and network analyses.

Methods: We generated a mouse model of SCM induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then obtained comprehensive metabolic and genetic data from SCM mouse hearts using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

Heart Failure in Elderly Patients: Medical Management, Therapies and Biomarkers.

Heart failure (HF) is a common condition and one of the main morbidity and mortality factors in elderly patients. The incidence of HF progressively increases with age, reaching >10% in those aged 70 years or over. In the elderly population, both the diagnosis and the management of HF prove challenging, often requiring specialized care and a multidisciplinary approach.

Impact in Clinical Practice of the European Medicines Agency Health Alert About the Restriction of the Use of JAK Inhibitors.

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have revolutionized the treatment of various inflammatory and immune disorders. Concerns about the potential increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) associated with JAKi use led to a European Medicines Agency (EMA) health alert recommending restricting the use of JAKi in high-risk populations. This study aims to determine the proportion of patients who developed any cardiovascular, ischemic, neoplastic, or thrombotic adverse event in a cohort of patients receiving, or who have received, JAKi treatment between January 2017 and September 2023.

L. Inflorescence Abrogates Neutrophil Activation by Downregulating TLR4/NF-KB Signaling Pathway in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury Model.

: Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disorder affecting patients in intensive care with high mortality. No specific pharmacological treatment is available. L.

Glucose-Lowering Agents Developed in the Last Two Decades and Their Perioperative Implications.

The last two decades have provided far more options f both patients and their physicians in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. While dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been approved for nearly two decades, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) are relatively new. Of interest to perioperative physicians, these drugs present specific perioperative concerns, prompting many societies to issue guidelines.

Epidemiological Analysis of Fungal Infection Disease in Pediatric Population: Focus on Hospitalization from 2007 to 2022 in Veneto Region in Italy.

Fungal infections (FIs) are widespread globally, affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent children, with varying clinical implications based on age and comorbidities. In immunocompromised children, particularly those with hematologic oncological conditions, FI leads to substantially longer hospital stays and increased in-hospital mortality, with reported rates ranging from 15% to 20%. Our study aims to analyze the epidemiological trends of fungal infections in the pediatric population within a specific region of Italy.

In Vivo Imaging of Cardiac Attachment of TcI and TcII Variants of in a Zebrafish Model.

, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is a parasite known for its diverse genotypic variants, or Discrete Typing Units (DTUs), which have been associated with varying degrees of tissue involvement. However, aspects such as parasite attachment remain unclear. It has been suggested that the TcI genotype is associated with cardiac infection, the most common involved site in chronic human infection, while TcII is associated with digestive tract involvement.

Low-Complexity Timing Correction Methods for Heart Rate Estimation Using Remote Photoplethysmography.

With the rise of modern healthcare monitoring, heart rate (HR) estimation using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) has gained attention for its non-contact, continuous tracking capabilities. However, most HR estimation methods rely on stable, fixed sampling intervals, while practical image capture often involves irregular frame rates and missing data, leading to inaccuracies in HR measurements. This study addresses these issues by introducing low-complexity timing correction methods, including linear, cubic, and filter interpolation, to improve HR estimation from rPPG signals under conditions of irregular sampling and data loss.

Depression Recognition Using Daily Wearable-Derived Physiological Data.

The objective identification of depression using physiological data has emerged as a significant research focus within the field of psychiatry. The advancement of wearable physiological measurement devices has opened new avenues for the identification of individuals with depression in everyday-life contexts. Compared to other objective measurement methods, wearables offer the potential for continuous, unobtrusive monitoring, which can capture subtle physiological changes indicative of depressive states.

A Deep Learning Approach for Mental Fatigue State Assessment.

This study investigates mental fatigue in sports activities by leveraging deep learning techniques, deviating from the conventional use of heart rate variability (HRV) feature analysis found in previous research. The study utilizes a hybrid deep neural network model, which integrates Residual Networks (ResNet) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) for feature extraction, and a transformer for feature fusion. The model achieves an impressive accuracy of 95.

Monitoring Sleep and Nightly Recovery with Wrist-Worn Wearables: Links to Training Load and Performance Adaptations.

Previous studies on the effects of intensified training on sleep quality/quantity have been somewhat contradictory. Moreover, recreational athletes often track various sleep metrics, and those metrics' actual connections to training adaptations are unknown. This study explored the effects of intensified training on sleep and nightly recovery along with their associations with training adaptations.

Optimization of Video Heart Rate Detection Based on Improved SSA Algorithm.

A solution to address the issues of environmental light interference in Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) methods is proposed in this paper. First, signals from the face's region of interest (ROI) and background noise signals are simultaneously collected, and the two signals are processed by a differential to obtain a more accurate rPPG signal. This method effectively suppresses background noise and enhances signal quality.

Advancing Platelet Research Through Live-Cell Imaging: Challenges, Techniques, and Insights.

Platelet cells are essential to maintain haemostasis and play a critical role in thrombosis. They swiftly respond to vascular injury by adhering to damaged vessel surfaces, activating signalling pathways, and aggregating with each other to control bleeding. This dynamic process of platelet activation is intricately coordinated, spanning from membrane receptor maturation to intracellular interactions to whole-cell responses.

A New Self-Made 16-Channel Capacitive Electrocardiography System: An Investigation and Validation for Non-Contact Electrodes.

Generally, the electrocardiography (ECG) system plays an important role in preventing and diagnosing heart diseases. To further improve the amenity and convenience of using an ECG system, we built a customized capacitive electrocardiography (cECG) system with one wet electrode, sixteen non-contact electrodes, two ADS1299 chips, and one STM32F303-based microcontroller unit (MCU). This new cECG system could acquire, save, and display the ECG data in real time.

Bias Calibration of Optically Pumped Magnetometers Based on Variable Sensitivity.

Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) functioning in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime have emerged as attractive options for measuring weak magnetic fields, owing to their portability and remarkable sensitivity. The operation of SERF-OPM critically relies on the ambient magnetic field; thus, a magnetic field compensation device is commonly employed to mitigate the ambient magnetic field to near zero. Nonetheless, the bias of the OPM may influence the compensation impact, a subject that remains unexamined.

Non-Intrusive Monitoring of Vital Signs in the Lower Limbs Using Optical Sensors.

Invisible health monitoring is currently a topic of global interest within the scientific community. Sensorization of everyday objects can provide valuable health information without requiring any changes in people's routines. In this work, a feasibility study of photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition in the lower limbs for continuous and real-time monitoring of the vital signs, including heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), is presented.

Heat Stroke Warning System Prototype for Athletes: A Pilot Study.

This research has developed a heat stroke warning system prototype for athletes utilizing the following sensors: DHT22, GY-906-BAA MLX90614, MAX30102. The device calculates the heat stroke risk and notifies users. The data is recorded, stored, displayed on a free-access website which graphs body temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, heart rate and heat stroke risk, and provides notifications for athletes engaged in outdoor activities.

State of the Art of Primary PCI: Present and Future.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has revolutionized the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), markedly improving patient outcomes. Despite technological advancements, pharmacological innovations, and refined interventional techniques, STEMI prognosis remains burdened by a persistent incidence of cardiac death and heart failure (HF), with mortality rates plateauing over the last decade. This review examines current practices in primary PCI, focusing on critical factors influencing patient outcomes.

Joint Analysis of Cardiovascular Control and Shear Wave Elastography to Determine Carotid Plaque Vulnerability.

: Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is one of the main causes of stroke, and the vulnerability of plaque has been proved to be a determinant. A joint analysis of shear wave elastography, a radiofrequency echo-based wall tracking technique for arterial stiffness evaluation, and of autonomic and baroreflex function is proposed to noninvasively, preoperatively assess plaque vulnerability in asymptomatic CAS patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy. : Elastographic markers of arterial stiffness were derived preoperatively in 78 CAS patients (age: 74.