Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland presenting as a gigantic cervicofacial mass.

When neglected for a long time, salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA) can attain a considerable size, increasing the patient's morbidity along with the risk of malignant transformation. Very few case reports are available describing PA of the parotid glands presenting as a large cervicofacial mass. We report a case of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma -a rare subtype of carcinoma ex-PA (Ca-Ex-PA) of non-luminal differentiation, that developed over a long period in a primary PA of the parotid gland and presented as a giant cervicofacial mass.

F-FDG and Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT Findings of a Rare Epithelial-myoepithelial Carcinoma Arising From Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of Parotid.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare low-grade salivary gland neoplasm. Distant metastasis is rare, and F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) has been used to determine the metastatic disease in EMC. Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPI) PET/CT is a promising imaging modality for diagnostic and theognostic purposes in various malignancies.

Is epithelial-mesenchymal transition related to the biological behavior of salivary gland neoplasms?

Objective: To evaluate and compare the expression of E-cadherin, Snail1 and Twist1 in pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCa) and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenomas (CaexPA) of salivary glands, as well as investigate possible associations with clinicopathological parameters.

Study Design: E-cadherin, Snail1 and Twist1 antibody immunostaining were analyzed semiquantitatively in 20 PAs, 20 AdCCas and 10 CaexPAs. Cases were classified as low and high expression for analysis of the association with clinicopathological parameters.

Differential expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in various pathological types of salivary gland cancers.

Objective: While several studies reported epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in salivary gland cancer (SGC), results varied due to a lack of unified definition of EGFR positivity. In this study, we assessed the EGFR expression level using both EGFR positive score and cumulative EGFR score in the patients with SGC.

Methods: Between January 2010 and April 2021, 102 patients with SGC who underwent surgical resection were reviewed retrospectively by immunohistochemistry.

PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression in Different Tumor Stages and Types of Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms: A Single-center Experience.

There is a limited amount of data on the role of programmed cell death ligand (PD-L) -1 and PD-L2 in salivary gland carcinomas. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions, which are closely related to immune mechanisms, with respect to salivary gland tumor types and stages. Data from patients with salivary gland masses surgically removed between 2006 and 2021, diagnosed with a malignant salivary gland neoplasm, were retrospectively analyzed.

Acinic cell Carcinoma with high-grade Squamoglandular and Chondrosarcomatous Transformation Mimicking 'Carcinosarcoma ex-pleomorphic Adenoma': A Wrinkle in the Proposed Nomenclature Revision for Sarcomatoid Salivary Gland Neoplasms.

While acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) can undergo high-grade transformation (HGT) to high-grade adenocarcinoma or poorly differentiated carcinoma, other morphologies such as spindle cell/sarcomatoid carcinoma are rare and not well-characterized. We herein report a novel case of AciCC with squamoglandular and chondrosarcomatous HGT mimicking a so-called 'carcinosarcoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma'. The patient is an 81-year-old male with a two-month history of neck swelling and referred otalgia who presented with a left parapharyngeal space mass extending into retropharyngeal space and pterygoid muscles.

Peculiar nuclear atypia associated with MDM2 gene amplification in carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma harbouring an alteration of HMGA2.

Aims: Salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) exhibiting the HMGA2::WIF1 fusion are recognized by their resemblance to histology found in canalicular adenoma. Recently, ~20% of cases among 28 HMGA2::WIF1-rearranged-SGN showed malignancy and adverse outcomes (recurrence, distant metastasis, and disease-specific mortality). Among them, MDM2/CDK4 amplifications were identified in one case.

Comprehensive genomic profiling of salivary gland carcinoma: Analysis of the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database in Japan.

Comprehensive information on genetic alterations in salivary gland cancer (SGC) is limited. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients with SGC using the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) database, a Japanese national genomic database. We analyzed data of 776 patients with SGC registered in the C-CAT database between June 1, 2019, and June 30, 2023.

Dendritic cell subpopulations in carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma: A multicenter study.

Objective: Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CEXPA) represents a malignant transformation from a recurrent or primary pleomorphic adenoma (PA), and the immune response may be essential in this process. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify and quantify subpopulations of dendritic cells (DCs) in CEXPA, residual PA in CEXPA (rPA), and PA.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter study was performed collecting salivary gland tumor (SGT) samples from three Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Centers.

High-Grade Transformation and Carcinosarcoma: A Review of Two Forms of Advanced Progression in the Salivary Gland.

Context.—: High-grade transformation, previously known as dedifferentiation, in salivary gland carcinoma and carcinosarcoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is a rare phenomenon. It is, however, clinically relevant and affects treatment and prognosis.

A 22-year single institution review of 119 cases of salivary duct carcinoma.

Objective: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive salivary gland malignancy. Herein, we present the largest single-institution review of SDC to date.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all histologically confirmed cases of SDC seen at our institution from January 1, 2002, to August 1, 2022.

MicroRNA copy number alterations in the malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.

Objective: This study used array comparative genomic hybridization to assess copy number alterations (CNAs) involving miRNA genes in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA), residual PA, and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 13 PA, 4 RPA, 29 CXPA, and 14 residual PA using Nexus Copy Number Discovery software. The miRNAs genes affected by CNAs were evaluated based on their expression patterns and subjected to pathway enrichment analysis.

Differential expression of TRKB tyrosine kinase in the two histological types of parotid salivary duct carcinoma with cancer aggressiveness.

Parotid salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive parotid gland carcinoma (PGC). SDC has two origins: de novo and ex pleomorphic adenoma (SDC ex PA); however, because of its rarity, the clinical and molecular features of the two types of SDC are not sufficiently understood. Here, we studied the differences in their clinicopathological and molecular features using clinical specimens while comparing them to those of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), an intermediate-grade PGC.

Diagnostic Challenges of Sinonasal Pleomorphic Adenoma.

Pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) are benign tumors of the salivary glands. Rarely, they arise in the sinonasal cavity, presenting as well-defined, homogeneous soft tissue masses, causing expansive bony changes. The significance of PAs is the possibility of giving rise to malignant carcinoma - "carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma" (CXPA).

FGFR2 point mutation in 2 cases of pleomorphic adenoma progressing to myoepithelial carcinoma.

Introduction: Salivary gland tumours are rare neoplasms. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most frequent benign lesion. Myoepithelial carcinoma (MECA) is rarely recognized malignancy, but the prognosis is unfavourable.

Medium-sized buccal mucosa defect reconstruction with buccal advancement flap in mucoepidermoid carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) ex pleomorphic adenoma is a rare type of salivary gland cancer. Surgical resection remains the standard therapy for this malignancy. After tumor removal, larger defects may require a local, regional, or free flap, while smaller ones can be closed primarily.

Submandibular gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with calcification.

We report an unusual case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) in the submandibular gland. The mass had a unique calcification. Panoramic tomography revealed sponge-like calcification.

Influence of p16 Protein Immunostaining on Histopathological Features of Pleomorphic Adenoma and Carcinoma ex- Pleomorphic Adenoma.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of p16 in histologic characteristics and transition of Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) to Carcinoma ex-PA (CxPA). So, 60 PA and 4 CxPA were histologic reviewed based on microscopic characteristics proposed by Hellquist, Triantafyllou and Dulguerov (PA) and Morais, Antony and Toluie (CxPA). Immunostaining for p16 was associated in different parenchyma and stroma of both tumors and Fisher's/chi-square tests and Mann-Whitney test were performed (SPSS v20.

Pathogenesis Analysis of Salivary Gland Tumors Through the Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1).

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland neoplasm, followed by Warthin's tumor (WT). In addition to its high frequency, PA also shows metastasis and transformation towards malignancy as carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). While the histogenesis of WT remains unclear, especially given the presence of lymphoid stroma around the developing tumor and the immunological interaction between them.

A Rare Case of Recurrent Carcinoma Ex Basal Cell Adenoma of the Parotid Gland.

Basal cell adenoma is encountered in the salivary glands, particularly the parotid gland; however, malignant transformation is rare, and recurrence is much rarer. We report the case of a 60-year-old man who had experienced a slow-growing mass in the parotid gland, which was suspected to be pleomorphic adenoma. Radiological and cytological examination suggested an atypical lesion in the left parotid.

Expanding the histological spectrum of salivary gland neoplasms with HMGA2::WIF1 fusion emphasising their malignant potential: a report of eight cases.

Aims: Recently, HMGA2::WIF1 fusion has been reported in pleomorphic adenoma (PAs) originating from the parotid gland with a characteristic canalicular adenoma (CAA)-like pattern. However, it is unclear whether HMGA2::WIF1 fusion may occur in salivary gland carcinoma or tumours originating from the minor salivary glands. We herein conducted a detailed clinicopathological review of eight salivary gland tumours harbouring HMGA2::WIF1 fusions.

Clinicopathological characteristics of four major histological types of high-grade parotid carcinoma.

Objective: High-grade parotid carcinoma generally has a poor prognosis, and the histological type is mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CEPA), or adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) in the majority of cases.

Methods: During the 23-year period from September 1999 to December 2022, 250 patients with parotid carcinoma underwent initial treatment and had the histopathological type of their carcinoma. Retrospective study evaluated 111 MEC, SDC, CEPA, or AdCC cases among 134 patients with high-grade parotid carcinoma.

Risk of Carcinoma in Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Parotid.

Importance: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) of the parotid to prevent further growth and potential future malignant transformation. While historical case series have reported transformation rates as high as 10%, there is a lack of contemporary methodologically sound data.

Objective: To examine the rate of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) detection in untreated PAs and investigate factors associated with malignant neoplasm.

Selinexor for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic salivary gland tumors: Results from the GEMS-001 clinical trial.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the activity of selinexor, an oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export, in patients with recurrent or metastatic salivary gland tumors (SGT).

Methods: GEMS-001 is an open-label Phase 2 study for patients with recurrent or metastatic SGT with two parts. In Part 1 of the protocol, patients had tumor samples profiled with targeted next generation sequencing as well as immunohistochemistry for androgen receptor, HER-2 and ALK.